关于中条山战役研究中的几个问题

关于中条山战役研究中的几个问题中共中央党校杨圣清（一）如何正确评价中条山战役？中条山战役,又叫中条山会战或晋南会战。它是抗日战争时期正面战场上所进行的２２次较大的战役中的一次,也是国民政府军在华北地区进行的最后一次大的战役。１９４１年全年正面战场上共...     

台儿庄大战纪事

台儿庄大战是八年抗战中正面战场的一次重要战役。肖松同志的《台儿庄大战纪事》是他采访中共地下党员谢和赓而撰写的。谢当时是在该战区指导作战的军事委员会副总参谋长白崇禧将军的机要秘书。他提供的情况,有些内容属首次披露,同时还纠正了一些被人误传的史实。     

如何让历史著作避免乏味

随意翻开一本关于一战的历史书,或者在网络上搜索“索姆河战役”的资料,不难找出如下内容：它是第一次世界大战中最大的战役;双方伤亡惨重,总数达百万余人;机关枪和毒气在战场上扮演了重要角色,等等。于是,每当提到“索姆河战役”,我们的脑海中便会自然而然地浮现出一些重要的年份、数字、形容词和名词;推而广之,当提刮第一次世界大战时,我们会联想起更多与之相关的、     

抗美援朝战争战役指导的基本经验

正在整个抗美援朝战争中,中国人民志愿军组织进行的战役和战役规模的作战行动共有9次,这9次战役中,有6次战役是进攻性质的作战,2次战役是防御性质的作战,还有一次战役是既有进攻也有防御性质的作战。以彭德怀为司令员兼政治委员的志愿军总部,灵活运用毛泽东军事思想,在抗美援朝战役指导上,根据敌我双方的新情况、新     

中条山战役引发的“笔墨交锋”

《大公报》渝馆总编辑王芸生撰写了一篇题为《为晋南战事作一种呼吁》的社评,发表在1941年5月21日的《大公报》重庆版上。为此,当时正在重庆的周恩来同志连夜疾书一信致《大公报》负责人,对社评涉及的在山西南部中条山战役中,有损八路军的言论给予澄清。由此引起了的“笔墨交锋”,曾经轰动重庆城。     

“人性、太人性”的《斯大林格勒》

斯大林格勒战役向来被认为是二战乃至人类历史上最恢宏也最惨烈的战役。     

国共两党军队协同作战之典型一役——忻口战役之研究

国共两党军队协同作战之典型一役——忻口战役之研究马仲廉正面战场与敌后战场,正规战与游击战在战略上的相互配合,在抗日战争的整个阶段都存在着。在战役上的相互配合,主要表现在战略防御阶段,而在这一阶段中的太原会战,尤其是忻口战役更为典型。忻口战役不仅有战役...     

志书总述撰写体式探析——以宁波市首轮修志八部志书为例

志书概述位于志书之首,其功用一是从总体上记述一地基本概况和志书基本内容,二是引导读者阅读志书,提高阅读效率。"述"的记述内容和撰写手法却认识不一,难有定论。对此,笔者以首轮宁波市八部志书总述(概述)为例,探析志书总述撰写体式,提出第二轮修志当以史纲体为主,吸收门类体和特色体的优点,方能撰写出具有全局性、典型性、特色性等特征的高质量的总述。     

高邮战役：政治攻势发挥关键作用

高邮战役是新四军抗日战争最后一役,俘虏日军892人,也是抗日战争以来,新四军、八路军俘虏日军最多的一次战役。高邮战役的胜利打破了国民党沿运河北上分割华中的企图,使原来的苏中、苏北、淮南、淮北等解放区连成一片,形成一个完整的华中解放区,为后来解放战争中苏中地区的“七战七捷”奠定了基础。回顾这场战役的获胜,除了军事攻势上的表现优秀,瓦解敌军方式方法的创造也使我军的政治攻势产生了良好效果。     

从《昆仑关战役纪要》看昆仑关战役

<正>史料在历史研究中有很重要的作用,一个偶然的机会,笔者在云南大学图书馆发现了一本1940年国民革命军第五军参谋部编写的《昆仑关战役纪要》。该书以详尽的史料记录了发生在1939年末的中日昆仑大战的重要史实,内容以抗战军事为核心,但不拘泥于记录战役过程本身,还包括战略战术、作战总结、对日作战战术、机密军情文献、军政文献等与军事紧密相关的内容。全书内容丰富,对于深入研究昆仑关战役具有重要文献价值,现以档案等文献资料为依据,披露这段昆仑关战役的历史风云。     

A.F. Pollard*

A.F. Pollard is now better remembered for founding the Institute of Historical Research than he is for his scholarship. In his heyday, however, Pollard was a formidable and prolific historian, primarily of parliament and the Tudor period. Pollard has been characterised both as a modernist and as a whig historian. Rejecting romantic invocations of liberty, he extolled instead the sovereign nation state, pinpointing the 16th century as the moment when it was achieved. Pollard rejected anachronistic accounts of parliament's development: for him, the assembly had grown by accident (out of the medieval king's council), rather than by design. This adaptability had ensured parliament's longevity and would preserve it into the future. Pollard revered the English parliament all the more for its embodiment of this national good fortune. Pollard helped to professionalise the discipline of history, but his own writings could be found wanting when measured against the standards that he had advocated. Criticism of his approach and assumptions comes easily now. Yet, upon reacquaintance, historians of parliament may find enduring interest in Pollard's shrewd and extensive work.     

简论冯家昇先生的边疆史研究

冯家昇先生在语言学、民族史、历史地理、科技史等多个学术领域多有建树,而边疆史地在其学术研究中占有极其重要的地位。本文对冯家昇的边疆史研究做了简要梳理,认为对诸如冯家昇等先贤的相关研究做进一步的梳理和总结对于边疆学的构建显得很有必要。     

A Usable Past: History and the Politics of National Identity in Late Victorian England

For the past two decades, issues of English national identity have provided a fertile field for historical investigation. In the late Victorian era, the development of professional standards of scholarship within the academy gave a new dimension to historical debates. The bitter quarrels about appropriate research techniques from the 1860s to the 1890s, among James Anthony Froude, Edward Freeman and John Horace Round, acted as a proxy for the vision of national identity that each historian espoused. After 1870, the development of a national narrative focused on constitutional history as its primary vehicle. The battle over historical reconstruction represented a surrogate for divergent views about political values and national identity. What sometimes seemed frivolous scholarly skirmishes, therefore, had a much greater political importance. As a result, the long feud had greater importance than the eccentric personalities of the participants appeared to indicate. For Froude, the Tudor age of discovery and religious reformation represented the best of English character. For Freeman, a strong Gladstonian Liberal, consensus and continuity over many centuries defined English history best. John Horace Round, a Conservative stalwart, thought that Freeman had slanted his historical conclusions to validate his Liberal politics and reinterpreted the Norman conquest to express his own political beliefs. Thus the quibbles about shield walls and other issues provided a terrain for the real cause of antagonism: different views of national identity that history furnished. Each historian constructed a usable past in order to justify contemporary discussions of national identity.     

Estimating Antebellum Passenger Costs: A Hub-and-Spoke Approach

Abstract

Over 30,000 miles of railroad and 4,000 miles of canals were constructed in the United States between 1815 and 1861. However, the lack of data has prevented the study of this “transportation revolution” for most cities. This article thus enables a closer study of antebellum travel improvements by constructing a hub-and-spoke network that is capable of estimating the cost of passenger travel from New York City and Philadelphia to any U.S. city in 1836, 1850, 1856, 1859, and 1867. The semi-parametric approach provides an accurate cost estimate by using available historical information to determine the travel cost to all other cities.     

Reading Beside the Lines: Marginalia,W.E. Gladstone,and the International History of the Bulgarian Horrors

This article explores the marginalia found in the personal volumes of William Ewart Gladstone in the context of the Great Eastern Crisis (1875–8). Diverging from previous narratives, which have lionised Gladstone for his apparently prophetic support for the independence of Christian subjects within the Ottoman Empire, this article argues that Gladstone read and understood little about modern South-Eastern European history, Bulgaria, or the Bulgarians before the publication of his influential political pamphlet, The Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East. Gladstone's powerful interjection, based upon widespread, imagined categories of cultural understanding, directly influenced British foreign policy at a critical juncture with profound international consequences. Britain abandoned its traditional support of the Ottoman Empire - allowing Russia to wage a punitive war against its former ally - and instead supported the independence of the ‘Christian races’ of the Balkans along the budding principle of national self-determination. Gladstone's marginalia provide a unique linkage between studies of cultural languages of understanding, individual decision-making, the mechanisms of political power, and the construction of foreign policy. In certain cases, therefore, marginalia may help reveal the nexus between local histories of cultural production and major events in international history.     

J.G. Granö and Edgar Kant: Teacher and Pupil, Colleagues and Friends

This paper is adapted from an address given at the plenary session of the conference ’From Native and Landscape Research to Urban and Regional Studies‘ held in Tartu on 23 August, 2002, to mark the birthdays of J.G. Granö (120 years.) and Edgar Kant (100 years). The Finnish geographer J.G. Granö was Professor of Geography at the University of Tartu from 1919 to 1923, a period during which that university became the birthplace of many original geographical ideas. Edgar Kant was beginning his studies at that time, and a link was forged between the two scholars which lasted until Granö's death in 1956. The nature of this interaction and its significance for the history of geographical studies are discussed.     

1. DECENTERING HISTORY: LOCAL STORIES AND CULTURAL CROSSINGS IN A GLOBAL WORLD

This essay was first presented at the 2010 Ludwig Holberg Prize Symposium in Bergen, Norway, where I, as the prize recipient, was asked to describe my work and its import for our period of globalization. The essay first traces the interconnected processes of “decentering” history in Western historiography in the half century after World War II: the move to working people and “subaltern classes”; to women and gender; to communities defined by ethnicity and race; to the study of non‐Western histories and world or global history, in which the European trajectory is only one of several models. Can the historian hold onto the subjects of “decentered” social and cultural history, often local and full of concrete detail, and still address the perspectives of global history? To suggest an answer to this question, I describe my own decentering path from work on sixteenth‐century artisans in the 1950s to recent research on non‐European figures such as the Muslim “Leo Africanus” (Hasan al‐Wazzan). I then offer two examples in which concrete cases can serve a global perspective. One is a comparison of the literary careers of Ibn Khaldun and Christine de Pizan in the scribal cultures on either side of the Mediterranean in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries. The other is the transmission and transformation of practices of divination, healing, and detection from Africa to the slave communities of Suriname in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.     

On containers: A forum. Introduction

This forum, involving anthropologists, archaeologists and historians, lays out the theoretical groundwork for a deep history of the container. By isolating its contents from transaction, and by enabling the manipulation of time, the container serves as an engine of history.     

一部颇具新意的拓荒之作——评《当代中国政治思想史》

河南大学出版社新近出版的《当代中国政治思想史》一书 ,不论在学术价值、理论建树方面 ,还是在推动学科建设、为现实提供借鉴方面 ,都不失为一部创见迭出、极富新意的开拓性佳作。该书也有某些不足之处     

关于抗美援朝战争史研究的几个焦点问题

抗美援朝战争是新中国成立初期美国侵略当局强加给中国人民的一场战争,也是新中国历史上第一场战争。这场战争为新中国的巩固、建设和发展奠定了基础,是新中国的立国之战。自20世纪90年代以来,随着中国、俄罗斯陆续公布和解密了一批有关抗美援朝战争(朝鲜战争)的历史档案,翻译出版美国、韩国、日本等学者研究著作的增多,研究中出现了许多不同认识。中国人民为进行这场战争付出了重大代价和牺牲,应对这场战争的必要性、正义性和积极意义应给予正确评价。