文化主体的文化自觉研究——以黟县居民为例

从文化自觉的视角,探讨文化自觉的生成机制以及文化主体的文化自觉意识与文化生态保护之间的互动关系,并以黟县为研究案例地,采用问卷调查的方式,分析当地居民对徽州文化生态的文化自沉意识。研究结果表明:总体上,黟县居民对徽州文化生态具有一定的文化自觉意识,但对具体的徽州文化生态认知及喜爱程度不高:居民的年龄、文化程度及是否具有旅游工作经验对居民的文化自觉意识存在显著性影响。最后提出应从内外两个方面着手提高居民的文化自觉意识。     

女性非正规就业研究述评

本文集中关注女性非正规就业的理论、类型、动因、特点、重要性、方式和群体差异,以及贫穷、全球化与女性非正规就业的关系,并探讨了非正规就业对女性的影响、女性非正规就业的对策等。在综合评述的基础上,概括出国外研究存在研究范围全球化、研究队伍壮大化、研究理论多元化、研究内容多样化的特点;指出了目前国内研究存在理论探讨少、缺乏本位主义思考、尚未形成一定的研究体系等不足。提出未来研究的关注点:国外理论的应用与我国特色理论的探索、归纳与总结,女性非正规就业集中的部门和区域的研究,女性非正规就业的政策与组织研究。     

Cultural participation in Europe: shared problem or shared problematisation?

Europe has a ‘problem’; it is becoming a ‘less cultural continent’ as fewer Europeans are ‘engaging in cultural activities’. This conclusion has been reached due to the findings of the latest cross national cultural participation survey. This paper questions the existence of this ‘problem’ and instead suggests that there is a shared problematisation across Europe sustained by common discursive archaeology that employs various discursive strands in relation to a dominant institutional discourse. The argument is that the ‘problem’ of ‘non-participation’ legitimates a ‘solution’ that predates its emergence: the state subsidy of arts organisations. The paper recaps the comparable problematisations that the researchers have previously identified in the policy texts of their respective countries. It progresses to consider three distinct but interwoven discursive strands upon which the problem representation in both countries, and potentially across Europe, appears to rely.     

Enhancing the mobility of collections and access to cultural heritage: immunity of cultural objects from seizure in Poland

This paper analyses, from the perspective of cultural policy considerations, the legal regime established by the recent Polish law on the immunity from seizure of cultural property on loan (2015). It deals with current trends of international museum exchange and explains the benefits and risks involved in cross-border loans of cultural material. This analysis is carried out by focusing on the actual practice and experiences of Polish museums, national and international regulations in force, and human rights considerations. The authors attempt to situate the Polish model for the protection of foreign cultural property on loan within the broader comparative context of the domestic legislation on museum exchange adopted in selected national jurisdictions. The article also offers a more general cultural policy discussion in the context of international museum exchanges of cultural material. Laws and policies facilitating such exchanges are weighed against other rights and interests encompassed in the protection of cultural heritage and the realisation of all human rights, including cultural rights.     

A centralised market orientation: the implicit determinants of Finnish cultural policy in 1990–2010

This article examines the reactions of Finnish cultural policy to the neoliberal turn in its societal environment. The analysis of cultural policy documents in 1990–2010 concentrates on three particular elements of societal change: the reforms in public management, the reorientations in international relations and the paradigm of immaterial production. It is argued here that besides the mythical democratic pluralism of the Nordic welfare states, cultural policy treats newcomers to the political arena selectively. Consequently, the system, constructed originally for protecting free artistic expression and equal distribution of cultural possibilities, has been in the front line of political market orientation in Finland. The orientation is modelled rhetorically after the ideas of cultural pluralism and economic efficiency; in practice, the fight has been a technocratic one between different notions of governmental responsibilities. This mechanism stresses formal procedures at the expense of ad hoc negotiations, leading to a centralised market orientation.