SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE STRUCTURE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC CELLULAR NETWORKS

The paper has presented an approach to cellular network pattern analysis which is novel in several respects. First, the approach emphasizes the consideration of the complete geometric structure of the pattern rather than the examination of summary statistics for individual variables or correlations between pairs or other combinations of variables. By comparing empirical structures with model-generated ones it is suggested that the approach offers a way of evaluating the relative impact of the three major forces thought to be responsible for the geometric structure of a network, i.e., the generating process, the phenomena expressed in the network, and the function of the network. It was demonstrated how different processes can lead to diverse geometric structures. Examination of two empirical networks composed of bus service centre hinterlands suggested that the generating process was the dominant determinant of physical structure in this particular instance. However, more research on other cellular networks consisting of different phenomena, and on different generative processes, must be undertaken before any firm conclusions can be reached. The approach taken here would seem to offer one way of undertaking such research.     

UPPER BOUNDS ON THE SIZES OF INTERREGIONAL FEEDBACKS IN MULTIREGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS*

ABSTRACT. Upper bounds are presented for a measure of the overall percentage error caused in a multiregional input-output model when interregional feedback effects are ignored. This error figure is thus a measure of the magnitude of interregional linkages. The upper bounds are expressed as a function of the levels of self-sufficiency in the regions in the model and of the norms of the regional technical coefficients matrices. Experimental results are presented for a variety of examples that are thought to reflect real-world situations, and it is clear that in many cases the upper bound (and hence the error) is extremely small. The implication is that single-region input-output models may be adequate for a variety of questions.     

THE INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC DIVERSITY ON UNEMPLOYMENT AND STABILITY*

ABSTRACT. For many years, regional scientists, economists, and geographers have been unable to clarify the influence of economic diversity on unemployment and instability in regional economies of the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. This article presents plausible theory, proper units of analysis, valid measures, and more inclusive models of the diversity-stability relationship. The findings are generalizable because the sample includes most metropolitan areas in the U.S. The empirical analysis estimates the influence of diversity, employment concentrated in unstable industries, population size, growth rate, and control variables on unemployment and employment instability during the 1972–88 period. The results indicate that metropolitan areas which are more diverse experience lower unemployment rates and less instability than areas which are less diverse.     

A NOTE ON THE STABILITY PROPERTY OF SPATIAL COMPETITION*

ABSTRACT. Our study extends the standard comparative static analysis to allow for dynamic aspects of equilibrium in spatial competiton. We investigate dynamic stability properties via the Routh-Hurwitz criterion. Nontrivial equilibria in the so-called Löschian, Hotelling-Smithies, and Greenhut-Ohta models are shown to be stable even under heterogeneous cost conditions among competing firms, conditions not considered hitherto. We can thus provide powerful support to the comparative static analyses which can only be developed via equilibrium concepts with stability properties.     

ON THE PLAUSIBILITY OF THE SUPPLY-DRIVEN INPUT-OUTPUT MODEL: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON JOINT STABILITY*

ABSTRACT. This paper addresses the issue of the plausibility of the supply-driven input-output model from an empirical standpoint. We suggest that requiring production coefficients to remain perfectly fixed during an application of the supply-driven input-output model is unnecessarily restrictive given the extensive use of approximation methods in mathematics, economics and regional science. Simulations with the supply-driven version of an input-output table for a representative region are shown to result in changes in the corresponding production coefficients well within conventional tolerance levels.     

节庆事件对区域旅游流空间网络的影响效应和机制研究

以洛阳牡丹花节为例,通过多源数据的融合,运用社会网络、因子分析方法,探究节庆事件对区域旅游流空间网络的影响效应及机制。结果表明：节庆事件对区域旅游流空间网络影响表现为协同、弱化及蜂聚三种效应,不同效应影响机制不同。其中,节点的等级和知名度优势非常明显的态势下,产生显著的协同效应;节庆游憩区内的低等级节点出现轻微的节庆弱化效应,区域外节点主要受到空间交通距离限制产生了显著的节庆弱化效应;旅游等级很强且旅游承载量优势非常明显的非节庆旅游节点,以及等级、知名度或地理区位较强的节庆旅游节点呈现出强蜂聚效应,以上条件均不强的节庆旅游节点仅发生弱集聚效应。     

基于旅游数字足迹的西安旅游流网络结构研究

Web2.0时代,游客通过互联网获取信息、购买产品,而且还会分享游记、照片。这些游客留在网络上的游记、照片和其它痕迹都含有时空信息,称为"数字足迹"。本文以西安为例,利用游记和照片获取旅游数字足迹,采用数据挖掘方式提取时空信息,并结合社会网络分析法,试图总结西安国内散客旅游流时间及网络结构特征。结果表明,数字足迹研究的时间规律和其它调研结论基本一致;旅游节点间分布不均衡;旅游网络密度低、结构分层明显。本文基于旅游数字足迹的研究,具有很强的可推广价值,可为等旅游管理研究提供新思路。     

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF INTERREGIONAL PRICE LINKAGES*

ABSTRACT Vector autoregression models are used to analyze the relationships between Texas and Illinois corn prices, and the New Orleans export price. Decomposition of error variances suggests an increasing exogeneity in the recent years between the export market and the two U.S. markets. Impulse response functions indicate that the export price influences both the Illinois and Texas prices.     

ECONOMETRIC MODELING OF INTERREGIONAL LABOR MARKET LINKAGES*

ABSTRACT. This paper presents a statistical procedure for empirically establishing linkages between regional economies. Using Granger's definition of causality and the final prediction error technique for lag-length specification suggested by Hsiao, a linked, multiregional employment model is developed. The forecast performance of the linked model is compared to models which do not include interregional linkages. It is shown that forecast error is reduced by taking into account employment interrelationships between regions.     

四川境外游客构成及旅游流向和流量特征研究

选取部分来川旅游的境外游客进行实地抽样调查,分析四川入境游客的属性特征、行为特征、客流流向和流量的变化特征。四川境外游客以港澳台、亚洲客人为主,中青年男性游客居多,他们来川的主要目的是观光或商务旅游,滞留时间较短。境外游客来川旅游的流向结构单一,流量集中,但因游客类别不同,对旅游服务仍表现出兴趣的个性化差异。     

基于信息流的武汉城市圈城乡文化空间结构研究

信息流动空间的支配性功能实质性地改变了现代城乡文化的空间结构。基于文化信息流的表征,通过构建武汉城市圈城乡文化节点的结节性测度指标体系,运用建模将文化节点的影响范围转化成结节性指数、文化节点等级与文化传播方式相结合的函数,发现信息化背景下武汉城市圈城乡文化的空间结构有三个特征:1城乡文化节点呈现以"京广"铁路为界东高西低的等级体系,其功能趋于软化;2文化廊道日益凸显,城乡文化空间结构的弹性逐渐增强;3城乡文化空间结构趋于网络化。信息化背景下应充分利用市场配置规律,发挥文化廊道的正效应,构建公共文化设施网络,优化文化信息流动空间,重塑现代城乡文化的空间结构。