起步探索的1956年

1956年,是社会主义制度在中国基本建立的一年,也是中国共产党人探索中国自己的社会主义建设道路 起步的一年。 一、中国进入了社会主义 1955年秋后开始在农村出现的农业合作化高潮很快在城市得到了响应,资本主义工商业者和手工业者纷 纷走上街头,敲锣打鼓要求公私合营。1956年1月3日,《人民日报》发表社论《进一步做好对私营工商业的 改造工作》,指出:从中华全国工商联执行委员会第二次会议闭幕以来,全国各地私营工商业中的职工和资本     

佛教与景教在华早期传教策略的比较研究

佛教在华初期传教策略是依靠神仙道术在民间和宫廷中同时传播,利用译经和玄学兴起之机,扩大在知识分子中的联系和影响,此为佛教成功立足中国的基础。与佛教所采取的策略不同,初入中土的景教僧积极寻求与官方的直接来往,将活动的重点放到宫廷中,较少在民间和知识分子中发展势力。他们为欲邀宠,或造奇器异巧进呈皇上,或参与政务,做了许多与传道无太大关系的事。过多依附上层,致使景教在华传播最终归于失败。     

白毫相俑与长江流域佛教早期传播

长江流域各地三国至晋墓中出土的白毫相俑是佛教在该地区早期传播的产物。     

The hidden apocalypse: Richard of Saint-Vanne and the otherworld

At the centre of this article stands a letter written by Abbot Richard of Saint-Vanne sometime during the first quarter of the eleventh century. The letter describes two voyages to the otherworld taken by two monks at the abbey of Saint-Vaast in Arras in 1011 and 1012. A careful reading of the letter reveals that behind what appears to be a standard text, belonging to the very popular genre of otherworld journeys, hides an apocalyptic message of urgent warning that the world is about to reach its end. The letter thus serves as a prooftext for the existence of apocalyptic tension in the period between A.D. 1000 and A.D. 1033, and as such contributes to the ongoing debate regarding the ‘terrors of the year 1000’.     

The hidden apocalypse: Richard of Saint-Vanne and the otherworld

At the centre of this article stands a letter written by Abbot Richard of Saint-Vanne sometime during the first quarter of the eleventh century. The letter describes two voyages to the otherworld taken by two monks at the abbey of Saint-Vaast in Arras in 1011 and 1012. A careful reading of the letter reveals that behind what appears to be a standard text, belonging to the very popular genre of otherworld journeys, hides an apocalyptic message of urgent warning that the world is about to reach its end. The letter thus serves as a prooftext for the existence of apocalyptic tension in the period between A.D. 1000 and A.D. 1033, and as such contributes to the ongoing debate regarding the ‘terrors of the year 1000’.