从“天”的异名看古人对天的认识

从“天”的大量异名入手,分析了古人对天的直观感受、理性认识和哲学思考.异名所含语素“虚”、“空”、“高”、“寥”、“苍”、“青”、“碧”、“玄”等,表明古人对天的直观感受是虚空、高远、颜色或蓝或黑;语素“圆”、“穹”、“盖”、“九”、“璇”、“均”等,反映了古人对天的形体与状态的分析与推断;语素“清”、“上”、“皇”、...     

解读日本 研究日本（上）

在中国近现代历史谱系中,毋庸质疑,“日本”是出现频率最高的国家。一旦点击了这个谱系,与此直接间接相联系的——“明治维新”、“甲午战争”、“抗日战争”、“中日关系”、“中日人民友好”、“天皇”、“武士道”、“右翼势力”、“靖国神社”、“汉奸”、“台独分子”等词语,     

也说《周礼》“柴”与《楚辞》“些”

本文从商代祭天帝的火祭“帝”、“”、“”谈起 ,在考察商、周祭祀承继关系等基础上 ,论证了《周礼·大宗伯》所载“”、“柴”、“燎”都是周人的祀礼 ,认为《周礼·大宗伯》的有关文本不存在任何问题 ,认为周礼柴祀日月星辰是西周“天”的观念产生以后的产物。并对柴祀可能为古东夷的“特产”提出了怀疑 ,否认了《周礼》“柴”与《楚辞》“些”同义 ,否认了《楚辞·招魂》中“些”可能是“柴祀”之“柴”的说法 ,重申了《招魂》“些”只是一个语辞 ,认为在楚俗招魂中 ,“些”声音的运用比它本身的词义重要     

福建地名多“安”、“宁”

闽境自从有了“建安县”、“建安郡”、“建宁县”、“瓯宁县”、“建宁府”和“建安道”等举足轻重的行政区域．便出现了带有“安”字和“宁”字的邑名。这种“安宁文化”的辐射力与渗透力,与建瓯系闽源之地以及在闽境历史上的“领头羊”地位有关。其后衍生出来的邑名,共有“十安”、“六宁”．     

老子对“无”的认识和把握

老子认识到了两种“无”,一种是绝对的、命名的、理论性的“无”,它是玄奥的,是人类思维的开端,是天地之始,它和命名的、绝对的“有”一起构成了“众妙之门”。只有命名了绝对的“无”和“有”,人类思维、认识之门才能打开。所以,这个“无”是理论的、抽象的概念。除了这种绝对的、命名的“无”之外,老子还深刻地认识到了“有”的否定性的“无”,认为这种“无”是和“有”相生的,并为“有”之用提供保障。老子还提出了两个层次的“无”之为（用）：第一个层次是与“有”对应的“无”之为、之用,这是与存在、存在者（物）相关的“无”之用;第二个层次是讲人也就是主体不过分作为,要顺从自然。     

“文革”期间高校招生两条路线之间的斗争

经过“文化大革命”前几年的文斗和武斗,“打砸抢”、“破四旧”和“全面夺权”,教育制度和教育路线已面目全非。教师被打成“臭老九”,“夺权”使“资产阶级、修正主义的代理人”进入了“牛棚”。加上废除考试、开门办学、推荐招生、工厂办校、实施“上管改”等形形色色的运动,这一切不但极大破坏了各级学校正常的教育教学秩序,而且严重地阻碍了各级教育的正常发展。为了稳定教育秩序,1968年7月中共中央、国务院、     

敦煌文献字词零释

敦煌文献中有不少词语难解,本文对“调投”、“乞页”、“玲”、“毂纸”、“夜分”、“卧”、“下彭”、“东京”等词语进行了考释。     

办好《今古双流》做好方志宣传服务工作

2010年．经过反复研究、斟酌,我们创办了地方志季刊《今古双流》,通过设置“大事记述”“田园城市”“双流风采”“镇街概览”“人物春秋”“历史掌故”“岁月回眸”“民俗风情”“地方文苑”“旅游休闲”“交流平台”“信息摘登”等各具特色的栏目,以纸质、电子媒介的形式,多角度、多领域、多渠道挖掘双流源远流长、灿烂多姿的历史文化,...     

从“房奴”到“孩奴”

“奴”无疑成为了当今中国年轻人中最时髦的词语了。“奴”最初最原本的含义是指“心甘情愿的被人驱使”或“受人奴役、没有人身自由”。现如今,奴隶社会早已离我们远去,奴隶制度也早就废弃消失,但是“奴”字却未因此消声隐匿,反倒愈加的“大放异彩”起来。从最早的“房奴”到后来日益冒出来的“车奴”、“蚁奴”、“卡奴”、“节奴”……这些“奴”与“被奴”等热词好像是在宣告着“奴时代”的到来。     

"华夏"人文意义新探

关于中华文化研究 ,有一基点始终没有得到明确界说 ,即“华夏”。本文通过综合各家学说、考据文典、辨析要义 ,剖析了“华夏”所具有的深刻人文内涵 :“夏”称得益于空间地域之方位 ,而“华”则受益于时间绵延之历史等人文意义 ,“华夏”合一即包纳了时空 ,“宇”与“宙”交相呼应 ,强化了泱泱“中国”之上国气度。而这一时空交合的观念又逐渐影响了“华夏”民族的自然和文化观念 ,如“天人合一”、“律历融通”等。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

LEAD ISOTOPE ANALYSES OF ISLAMIC POTTERY GLAZES FROM FUSTAT,EGYPT*

Lead isotope analyses have been undertaken on a group of Islamic lead‐glazed pottery artefacts from Fustat, Egypt, spanning the period from the eighth to the 14th century ad , that had previously been the subject of a comprehensive typological, chronological, petrographic and technological study. Comparison of the lead isotope ratios for the glazes with those for lead ores from Egypt, Iran, Tunisia, Anatolia, Greece, Sardinia and Spain provided information on the possible sources of the lead used in the production of the glazes. The results show that the lead used in glaze production by the Islamic potters at Fustat was most probably obtained from distant ore sources in Iran or Tunisia, Sardinia, Spain and the Taurus Mountains. Different ore sources were favoured in different periods and, to a limited extent, for different types of pottery, but at no time did the Fustat potters use the potentially more accessible Egyptian ore sources.     

Australian Cenozoic Bryozoa, 2: Free-living Cheilostomata of the Eocene St. Vincent Basin,S.A., including Bonellina gen. nov

Schmidt, R., March 2007. Australian Cenozoic Bryozoa, 2: Free-living Cheilostomata of the Eocene St. Vincent Basin, S.A., including Bonellina gen. nov. Alcheringa 31, 67-84. ISSN 0311-5518.

Free-living bryozoans are diverse in the Eocene sediments of the St. Vincent Basin, South Australia. They include Bonellina pentagonalis gen. et sp. nov., Otionellina sp. cf. O. exigua (Tenison Woods), Otionellina sp. cf. O. cupola (Tenison Woods), Tubiporella magna (Tenison Woods), Celleporaria nummularia (Tenison Woods), and an indeterminate species only found as moulds. This diversity and abundance is highest in the sediments representing the initial transgressive marine facies, where they occur in ‘sand fauna’ bryozoan assemblages (e.g. with Melicerita and Siphonicytara). Free-living bryozoans decrease up-section and are absent from latest Eocene sediments, indicating a significant environmental shift.

Rolf Schmidt [rschmid@museum.vic.gov.au], Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia; received 18.3.2005, revised 14.12.2005.