南京政府初期文科与实科比例失衡的社会政治效应

南京政府所谓的“青年问题”实质上反映了它们对1920年代和1930年代中国政治继续动荡的恐惧与抵制。民初以来的高等教育,其文科与实科的比例结构与社会需求之间严重失衡倾向的日益积累,导致了越来越多游离于社会生产结构之外的文科学生成为批判现实的社会科学最为热情的接受群体。当他们的切身遭遇在学理上被引向对社会制度的道德质问时,社会科学表现为20世纪30年代具有颠覆性的一种时尚。这些学生也由此为抗议南京政府的政治组织所吸纳,从而掀起了此起彼伏的让南京当局头痛的政治风浪。     

成都满族社会历史文化变迁

康熙六十年（1721年）,清政府在成都设立驻防八旗,满族定居成都,到今天已有280多年的历史了。其间经历了清朝、民国和中华人民共和国三个时期。从清朝时期的统治阶级,到民国时期的受剥削、受压迫、受欺凌的被统治阶级,再到成为新中国享有民族平等的主人。他们在政治、经济、文化科技、风俗习惯等方面均发生了巨大而又深刻的变化。     

The Social Role of Technology in Coastal Alaska

Novel technologies linked to women and men through identity-demarcated tasks and knowledge sets can potentially have differential and even long-term effects on each group. This study follows the trajectory of two significant imports into the coastal western Alaskan system, the firearm and the metal cook pot. These imports had different implications for coastal Yup’ik women and men, young and old. Over time the gun became an integral piece of a man’s tool kit and one that had the potential to boost production and thus a man’s access to status-building. However, these same tools had the potential to undermine the apprenticeship system of male authority. Likewise, the metal cook pot replaced the productive oversight and skill set of elder women’s ceramic production but created paths of independence for younger Yup’ik women. These changes in technology destabilized relative balances of gender and age based status, security, and authority and fashioned new gender and age based social and economic opportunities and limitations.     

社科类学术期刊科学发展的路经选择

本文从社科类学术期刊的勃兴与发展危机、社科类学术期刊遭遇发展危机之实质、社科类学术期刊科学发展的路径三个方面,对社科类学术期刊科学发展问题进行探讨。文章指出,社科类学术期刊在市场化背景下遭遇危机的实质绝非只是发行量的问题,而是在市场中如何与学术最佳结合的问题。因此,社科类学术期刊要顺势而为,以人为本,锁定目标读者和作者群;统筹兼顾,处理好学术性市场和经营性市场的关系;与时俱进,提升社科期刊“核心竞争力”。从而充分发挥社科期刊作为学术传承和学术积累的载体作用,让自身的社会价值在市场中得以最大化,创造更多的精神财富,促进社会和谐,实现自身科学发展。     

The Usefulness of Applied Social Science: Three Views

Books reviewed in this article:
Peter W. House, The Art of Public Policy Analysis .
Robert F. Rich, Social Science Information and Public Policy Making .
Robert A. Scott and Arnold R. Shore, Why Sociology Does Not Apply; A Study of the Use of Sociology in Public Policy .     

Cooperative Housing and Social Cohesion: The Role of Linking Social Capital

Abstract

The article examines the role of housing cooperatives for social cohesion in the city by introducing linking social capital which grasps the vertical dimension of social capital. Housing cooperatives represent a crucial intermediate level between residents and urban housing policy, thus providing opportunity structures for bottom-linked citizen participation. Drawing on the case of Vienna, a large-scale household survey and interviews with key informants provide empirical evidence on the importance of a form of social capital which links actors at different levels in the spatial hierarchy: residents, housing managers and political decision-makers. The findings add to our understanding of the opportunities and problems with resident participation in a policy field structured by multi-level governance. Our two-level analysis shows that the dominant model of governance, top-down as well as neoliberal, has structurally limited the room for participatory practices in cooperative housing. Nevertheless, we argue that professional housing cooperatives have a potential to give residents a voice beyond the neighbourhood. Their strong linkages with public decision-makers at different scales can help leverage ideas and resources of residents.     

思想政治工作在社会结构中的地位探微

以往对思想政治工作地位的事实论证有其局限性，而思想政治工作的地位应该首先从社会结构中得到理性的界定。思想政治工作在社会结构中的地位并不直接等同于上层建筑或思想上层建筑的地位。     

略论明末辽东满族社会生活的变迁

1621年,满族从山区迁移到平原地区之后,社会生活发生了急剧的变化。突出表现在经济上由采集狩猎向农业生产的转变,社会生活的日益军事化以及文化教育事业的兴起诸方面。满族人民在这里艰苦创业,不怕牺牲,勇于学习,为后来入主中原奠定了条件。     

志书篇目设计应该做到分类与分工的统一

志书篇目设计能否按《国民经济行业分类与代码》的分类方式,打破社会分工的部门管理界限,改变首轮志书农、工、商等专志门类标题与结构,代之以一、二、三产业立志,这是当前理论研究与修志实践不可回避的重要课题。本文认为,志书篇目设计要分清事物矛盾的主次方面,要尊重历史与现实,处理好方志与百科的关系,做到科学分类与社会分工的统一。     

Declining Food Security in a Philippine Oil Palm Frontier: The Changing Role of Cooperatives

The long‐held redistributive function of agricultural cooperatives — one of moral economy and poverty alleviation — has changed dramatically as they emerge as core brokers for agro‐industrial development in the so‐called ‘green economy’. This article examines the changing role of cooperatives involved in brokering oil palm production and its impact upon the food security and livelihoods of smallholders who labour in plantation regimes situated in historically uneven agrarian political economies. Findings show how, increasingly, cooperatives reinforce uneven agrarian social relations of production and exchange in which indigenous smallholders experience loss of land, poor wage labour conditions tinged with insecurity and prejudice, and mounting debt in an expanding oil palm complex. The article suggests that these changes in agrarian social relations negatively influence indigenous farmers’ food security pathways, with their access to and use of appropriate foods diminishing. It asserts that understanding the impacts of cooperatives on food security pathways requires a relational and situated analysis of livelihood change and agrarian relations in extractive frontiers.     

Partisans and the Use of Knowledge versus Science

This paper explores the kind of knowledge that partisans profess in order to contribute to our studies of what has usually been thought of as the “denial of science.” Building on the research of Robert Proctor, Naomi Oreskes and Erik Conway, I show that the tobacco interests and climate science skeptics usually described as “doubt mongers” also purveyed forms of certainty and rested their arguments on three different registers of truth: that of narrowly defined “facts” that could sustain a controversy, ideological commitments to free enterprise, and the truths of self‐conscious partisans engaged in battle. Thus, in many respects they have used elements of general knowledge, as well as social, economic and political commitments, to argue against specific scientific findings. Further, at least in the case of climate skeptics, this denial has been in the service of an image of the nature of science and its proper relation to politics. Analyzing significant dichotomies in debates that cross the terrains of science and politics, and knowledge and science, I will argue that a clear articulation of the relations amongst them will be critical to our work to understand the character of climate science denial, but also of the climate sciences themselves.     

史学期刊在当代史学建设发展中的作用和地位--"史学期刊发展研讨会"纪要

为了促成并加快史学范式的转变,培育并确立科学的学术规范,倡导并树立健康的学术风气,2002年4月14-18日,《史学月刊》编辑部在古都开封召开“史学期刊发展研讨会”。来自全国各地的历史学专业期刊及部分有史学专栏的综合性学术期刊《历史研究》、《近代史研究》、《世界历史》、《中共党史研究》、《抗日战争研究》、《中国社会经济史研究》、《史哲》、《史学集刊》、《史学史研究》、《安徽史学》、《光明日报》、《江汉论坛》、《求是学刊》、《人大复印资料中心》等近20家杂志社的代表应邀出席会议,就史学研究的学术规范、当前的学术评价体系、史学期刊在史学发展中的作用、学术期刊间的合作等问题,进行了热烈讨论,并在很大程度上达成了共识。