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1.
Spatial autocorrelation, resulting in pattern or structure in geographically distributed data, is discussed in theoretical and practical terms. Tests for spatial autocorrelation are presented, along with an explication of the relationship between autocorrelation models, the product-moment correlation coefficient and the spatial autocorrelation test statistic. Two archaeological examples illustrate the application of the auto-correlation test statistic. The first uses a hypothetical data set, which shows the type of map patterns that appear with various levels of spatial autocorrelation, and the second examines the terminal distribution of long-count-dated monuments at lowland Classic Maya sites. The results of the second example fail to support arguments for simple patterning in the cessation of the erection of these monuments and, by inference, in the Maya collapse itself. Finally, it is argued that while the identification of spatial autocorrelation is often the goal of spatial analyses, the presence of autocorrelation violates the assumptions of certain statistics used in such analyses.  相似文献   

2.
孙飞翔  吕拉昌 《人文地理》2021,36(3):97-107
城市空间特征与创新的关系是创新地理的重要研究议题.论文构建了城市紧凑度与城市创新的理论分析框架,提出研究假设,并选取中国地级及以上城市作为研究空间单元,从密度、土地混合利用、街道连通性和交通通达性四个方面构建了城市紧凑度指数,对2010年中国城市紧凑度进行了评价,分析了中国城市紧凑度的空间分布特征,在此基础上,采用空间...  相似文献   

3.
陈小晔  孙斌栋 《人文地理》2017,32(4):95-101
制造业是城市经济的重要组成部分和推动城市空间格局演化的重要驱动力。本文采用上海1996年、2004年、2008年制造业企业分街道就业数据,分析上海都市区制造业的空间格局演化,采用计量模型探究了制造业就业分布的主要影响因素。研究表明,上海都市区制造业就业空间格局已经基本实现了郊区化,并涌现出了稳定的制造业次中心;区位、交通、地价和政策因素对制造业就业格局的形成有着显著作用,而且这些因素的作用存在着显著的行业间差异性。为实现制造业的合理布局和城市空间结构优化,政府应该尊重市场规律和不同产业的特点,为不同产业选址布局提供相应的空间供给和基础设施。  相似文献   

4.
城市社区环境下商业性娱乐场所的空间结构   总被引:12,自引:3,他引:9  
现代城市社会地理学对城市生活空间质量的评价,已涉及到城市内部福利设施(与场所)的空间结构层面。随着社会经济发展,城市居民收入与文化素质的提高,闲暇时间延长,城市内部商业性娱乐场所日益增加,已引起了学术界的关注,但国内地理学者对商业性娱乐场所的空间关注较少。本文从人本主义视角,运用行为和实证主义方法,在总结国内外对商业性场所研究的基础上,力图轮廓性地揭示商业性娱乐场所的空间形成与分布等规律;并以城市社区和场所作为城市社会生活空间研究的两大基本单元,探讨商业性娱乐场所的社会空间内容和结构模式,及其与城市社会生活空间质量的相互关系。以便更深入地揭示城市社会生活空间质量的本质,丰富城市社区规划与整治的基础理念。  相似文献   

5.
基于空间自相关的江苏省县域经济实力空间差异研究   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
本文选用14项代表性指标对江苏省县域经济实力空间差异进行分析并探讨了其形成原因。研究结果表明:①江苏省县域经济实力得分的全局自相关系数为-0.0691,说明就经济实力来讲江苏省县域之间存在弱的负相关性;②全省经济格局从南向北呈现\"三峰两谷\",地级市市区的经济实力高于周围县的经济实力;③经济发展水平因子、经济结构因子和经济效益因子三者的空间集中程度不同;④苏南地区随着距上海距离的增加,经济实力空间相似程度逐渐递减。  相似文献   

6.
朱盼  孙斌栋 《人文地理》2017,32(5):105-112
本文以每万人拥有的中小企业数量为代理变量,分析了中国城市企业家精神的空间分布格局、变化趋势和影响因素。结果表明,企业家精神整体提升的同时,地区差异也在扩大;空间自相关显著,集聚趋势不断增强;变化强度呈西减东增的趋势。互联网设施、人口多样性、沿海区位和资源环境压力、较高的女性比重、较少的政府干预和较低的国企占比和外资占比有促进作用;未发现集聚和房价的显著影响;而平均教育水平与企业家精神显著负相关,说明我国的创业类型、教育体制和内容还有待提升。  相似文献   

7.
运用空间自相关分析集聚经济类型的地理格局   总被引:28,自引:1,他引:28  
集聚经济的类型决定着区域经济的发展方向。传统的度量指标是基尼系数、Ellison-Glaeser指数等,但这类指标却没有考虑相邻地区间经济的相互影响。据此,本文提出用空间自相关方法,衡量区域的集聚经济水平,并且利用2002年江苏省县级工业数据,实证分析和探讨江苏省城市化和地方化集聚经济的地理格局。  相似文献   

8.
王纯  林坚 《人文地理》2005,20(1):113-116,74
城市空间发展方向选择是城市规划中的重要问题。本文引入政治地理学中的政治地理结构概念,以哈尔滨城市为例,对边疆城市空间发展方向选择的影响因素进行分析,发现:在特定时期,政治因素可能成为决定边疆城市空间发展方向选择的主导因素;但是,一旦政治地理结构趋于稳定,多因素的综合作用将显著上升,边疆城市空间发展选择应因时、因地制宜。  相似文献   

9.
The agglomeration phenomenon in tourism often spreads beyond the borders of territorial units what is referred to as geographic spillovers. However, the measurement of spatial concentration of tourism demand and economic activity is usually based on statistics collected within regional administrative boundaries and omits the spatial interdependency between neighboring regions. Recognition of such spatial interdependency in the standard procedure to define neighborhood relies on the distance between geometric means (centroids) of territorial units which, however, rarely reflects real ‘centers’ of tourism agglomerations and leads to errors and biased results. Hence, we propose to modify the measures of the neighborhood with the use of GPS coordinates of tourism firms and attractions in order to designate their regional central tendencies and thus to correct (shift in space) localization of centroids of territorial units. We test the usefulness of the new approach to obtain a more precise measurement of spatial concentration when tourism spills over beyond the boundaries of territorial units using the example of Polish districts. We employ the exploratory spatial data analysis (spatial statistics) and spatial regression models – to assess the difference between using traditional centroids and GPS coordinates in defining neighborhood and determining spillover effects in regional analysis. Furthermore we apply the new method into the model of tourism potential in order to identify spillover effects in Polish regions. We use the data collected by Central Statistical Office (tourists staying overnight in 379 districts in 2014) and by Polish Tourist Organization (14,390 GPS coordinates of individual entities: tourism firms and attractions). The neighborhood determined with the use of GPS coordinates to measure the distance between centers of tourism agglomerations eliminates the dependence of the results on the administrative boundaries – but only to some degree. The challenge is to identify tourism agglomeration phenomenon as such, based on the mobility of tourists in space.  相似文献   

10.
张延吉  秦波  吴凌燕 《人文地理》2014,29(5):121-126
流动商贩是城市商业的重要组成部分,其空间分布格局与正规商业不相同。本文以正规商业和流动商贩的引力可达性指数,比较两者在同一区位的可达性差异,依此将两者的空间分布关系划分为五种类型,这些类型在空间上呈同心圆、扇形与多核心相结合的分布模式。通过无序多分类logistic回归,发现以人口密度和人口结构为代表的社会力、以国际资本为代表的市场力和具有不同监管强度的政府力均对正规商业与流动商贩的空间分布关系有显著影响。  相似文献   

11.
程艺  刘慧  宋涛  张芳芳 《人文地理》2022,37(2):67-76
中亚地处欧亚大陆中心,是“一带一路”倡议建设的重要区域。本文基于GDELT新闻媒体数据库,构建了事件影响度和双边关系度,定量分析了中国与中亚国家之间的合作、冲突关系演变,采用时空热点分析识别了中国在中亚城市尺度的合作、冲突热点模式。结果表明:①中国与中亚国家的合作日趋紧密。“一带一路”倡议提出之后,中国与中亚国家的合作趋势显著上升,与哈萨克斯坦的合作关系最为紧密。②中国在中亚地区的合作区域集中在中亚国家首都、战略要地、重要能源基地等,在乌兹别克斯坦安集延地区和塔吉克斯坦哈特隆州形成集中连片的合作区域。冲突区域集中在中亚国家首都和战略要地,与合作区域在空间上高度重合,但影响力显著低于合作事件。③中国在中亚城市的影响力以合作关系占主导,冲突关系大于合作关系的城市主要分布在吉尔吉斯斯坦。64%的中亚城市为低合作—低冲突状态,中亚国家首都、阿拉木图、安集延属于显著的高合作—高冲突城市。④时间尺度上,中国与中亚地区的合作热点以持续型为主,冲突热点以振荡型为主,哈萨克斯坦纳伦市、阿特劳州为新增冲突热点,应引起重视。  相似文献   

12.
明清北京城市社会空间结构概说   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
对明清时期北京城市的社会空间结构进行探讨,是从城市地理学与城市社会学的视角所作的历史研究.从其内部分区的人口密度可以看出,明清时期北京城市在空间上具有一些新的特点,且在不断变化,而这些特点和变化又分别体现在该时期北京的商业空间、居住空间和社会生活与人际交往空间等方面,由此可以使我们更加深刻和全面地了解明清北京城市的发展程度.  相似文献   

13.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
ABSTRACT

Geographic clustering of industries for mutual economic benefit has long been recognised. The concept of ‘externalities’ introduced by Alfred Marshall early last century rely on agglomeration of specialised industry within a geographic area. However, only recently has cluster modelling been applied to the tourism and hospitality (T&H) industry. The aim of this paper, therefore, is twofold: first is to develop a cluster-based theoretical framework for delineating geographic boundaries of T&H clusters, and second is to identify the underlying factors that drive their form and shape.

Drawing on employment data as the basis for co-location of T&H firms, spatial econometrics techniques are applied to model the spatial clustering of T&H employment in Victoria, Australia. Results show that rural tourism regions have higher levels of employment in tourism operational services whereas employment in city-based regions is more concentrated in hospitality services. Our findings, when normalised as a percentage of total employment, show that rural and regional Victoria ranks most highly as employers in the T&H industry. Adopting a range of spatial metrics, we show that T&H clustering throughout Victoria is largely driven by six location-specific factors: (1) the availability of tourism attractions; (2) proximity to the coast; (3) the road density network; (4) accessibility to employment within the Melbourne CBD; (5) the scale of the regional economy; and, (6) the advantages and disadvantages associated with economic resources. We conclude that the cluster-led strategy pose a number of challenges for tourism planners to promote regional tourism. Nevertheless, results from this study indicate that T&H employment clustering creates a more cohesive spatial structure that could support economic development and better connectedness of tourism destinations. These clusters could act as service hubs to their wider catchment areas where visitors are encouraged to stay overnight and travel to specific sights during the day.  相似文献   

14.
井冈山斗争的军事地理分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
修春亮  钱肖颖 《人文地理》2016,31(3):116-121
国内的军事地理研究大大落后于其他人文地理分支学科。本文结合实地学习考察,对于井冈山军事斗争这一重大历史事件从现代地理学视角进行比较系统的全新分析。在井冈山斗争期间,根据地经历了从队伍上山、据险驻守,到外线出击、最终撤离的军事地理过程,并在根据地内部形成了\"两片、两心、一环、五哨\"的军事地理格局。从根据地尺度看,这一格局对于斗争初期的立足有一定合理性,但范围狭小、资源支撑和回旋空间不足;从宏观的区域尺度分析显示,井冈山地区远离敌方核心,但立足后则面临两省\"会剿\",腹背受敌,军事地理上的劣势凸显。分析还显示了新军事力量形成的\"核心-边缘\"结构对于旧格局的反转。作为井冈山道路的发展,中央苏区、陕甘宁根据地以及东北解放区的建立,是对井冈山斗争开辟的革命道路的发展,同时也是在区域尺度、位置、区际关系等方面军事地理优势不断增强的过程。  相似文献   

15.
运用第二次经济普查单位地理编码数据分析了北京市就业密度变化特征,并对就业中心功能进行了分析。北京市就业中心整体上仍呈现单中心格局特征,多中心格局虽有显现但并不明显。本文共识别出中关村片区、金融街片区和CDB片区等三个就业中心片区和上地、首都机场、曙光街道等十二个就业次中心。依据专业行业就业人口数量指标、区位熵指标,就业人口占同行业比例指标,将北京市就业中心分为7种类型,即大型企业集聚型就业中心、临空经济集聚型就业中心、制造业集聚型就业中心、批发零售集聚型就业中心、商务商业集聚型就业中心、金融集聚型就业中心、科研教育集聚型就业中心。传统就业中心因集聚效益、集群效应和锁定效应使范围进一步扩大,密度显著提高,中心功能也日益复杂,细分行业分化明显。  相似文献   

16.
江苏省土地城镇化的空间分异及其主导因素探测   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
实现新型城镇化战略的重要前提是科学认识土地城镇化的特征及机制,其难点在于识别影响土地城镇化的主导因素以进行针对性调控。基于空间自相关分析、地理探测器等方法,识别江苏省土地城镇化水平的空间分异特征及其主导因素。结果显示:①江苏省的土地城镇化水平为38.90%,呈现出南高北低的梯度分异格局。②土地城镇化水平的热点区、次热点区集中分布在苏南以及苏中的南通市区、泰州市区及其周围县(市),次冷点区包围着冷点区主要分布苏北的县(市)及苏中的宝应县。③人口集聚类、经济发展类、社会投资类的因素对土地城镇化空间分异影响最为显著;基础设施类、开放水平类的部分因素的对土地城镇化空间分异有一定的解释能力。  相似文献   

17.
本文从社会发展与区域科学承担的使命关系出发,论述人文地理学创新侧当代供给的使命,称为新人文地理学。在论述发达国家后现代人文地理学使命的基础上,依据\"民本\"性的新人本主义公正思想,首次系统论述主流新人文地理学研究空间公正结构的价值思想、理念与理论指向及其内容;其次,借鉴发达国家建构新人文地理学与社会及其区域学科的融合机理,具体地论证该学科具有对空间建构的最终人本判识学理性及其指向;中国已进入社会公平与空间公正建构的时代,本文争鸣性倡导国内人文地理学的研究必须从物质空间结构的景观功能研究转入到以提高人本价值生活质量的社会空间结构、行为空间结构与文化空间尊严结构的建构探讨方面。该方向不但是中国时代要求的使然,也是该学科对当代社会知识供给的宿命,同样也是与区域科学共同构建区域统筹发展与空间全面公正构建的学科融合宿命。在此基础上本文还首次提出社会与空间价值统一的\"新区域经营理念\"、\"区域同步发展观\"及其对应\"空间体系价值统一规划\"研究的新朝向。  相似文献   

18.
    
Scholarship on the dynamics of peace and conflict is in the midst of a geographic renaissance. Within the discipline there is growing interest among political geographers in theorizing and exploring “geographies of peace”. At the same time, the interdisciplinary field of peace and conflict studies is experiencing a “spatial turn” whereby geographic ideas are increasingly engaged. This article provides an overview of these parallel conversations and proposes the concept of spatial practices as a framework for bringing them together. Elements of this framework can be seen within peace geographies and the spatial turn research, and they resonate with broader conversations taking place in the discipline of geography and beyond.  相似文献   

19.
    
The period 1971 to 1991 saw a significant increase in the proportion of Canadians employed in the 'arts'. While still concentrated to a large extent in urban Canada, artists do seek out rural locations to pursue their craft. This paper identifies, interprets and classifies communities in rural Canada that specialize in the production of visual, performing and literary art. Location quotients are calculated from a custom-tabulated run of 1991 census data on employment in the arts in all Canadian census subdivisions. We propose several factors that may account for high concentrations of artists in some rural places. Cluster analysis is used to develop a classification of Canadian rural arts communities. We identify 371 small arts centres in Canada, ranging from Cape Dorset in the Northwest Territories to Elora in southwestern Ontario. Market access, landscape appeal and economic exigency are among the location determinants isolated. Further analysis reveals that five types of arts communities exist in rural Canada. Future research on a localized scale is now necessary to uncover specific factors responsible for the prevalence of artists in the rural ecumene.  相似文献   

20.
    
This article maps and discusses the legal processing of rape cases in Norwegian appellate courts. Drawing on data from a multivariate regression analysis and a qualitative frame analysis, we examine the significance of space, accuser-convict prior relationship, the social context, accuser-convict marital relationship status, and convict racial background for grading of sentences in rape cases. The data-set consists of 176 rape cases that were processed in 2011 and 2012. Excluding acquittals and controlling for the application of relevant legal provisions, we find that sentences are reduced by 30% if the rape occurs in a private space as opposed to a public space. If the rape occurs at a party or is committed by a perpetrator who is a member of a racial majority, we find that sentences are reduced by 20%. A prior relationship between the victim and the perpetrator reduces sentencing by 18%. Results regarding victims of marital rape are inconclusive. The study concludes that sentencing is stratified according to the public/private divide, prior relationship, social context and race. Despite progress made on behalf of victims of domestic violence and a gradual implementation of stricter sentencing in line with legislative intentions, the legal processing of rape cases is permeated by race and gender discrimination.  相似文献   

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