新冠肺炎对旅游业的影响：研究进展与展望

通过对Web of Science数据库中1435篇文献的梳理,回顾和评述了“COVID-19对旅游业影响”的早期研究进展。结果表明,新冠肺炎直接威胁人的生命健康,加剧了旅游者的负面情绪和感知风险,降低了旅游者的出游意愿,并改变了以往的行为模式。新冠肺炎通过旅游者在旅游目的地、旅游企业、旅游交通之间传播,从而对旅游系统产生全面、持久的影响,对全球旅游业造成史无前例的巨大冲击。同时,新冠肺炎还引发了对于旅游业发展方式和增长模式的反思,转型发展成为后新冠时代全球旅游业恢复重建的重要手段。最后,从“目标—要素—保障”视角对未来研究进行了展望。     

From high-touch to high-tech: COVID-19 drives robotics adoption

Abstract

Global economic and social life has been severely challenged since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 disease a pandemic. Travel, tourism and hospitality, in particular, has been massively impacted by the lockdowns used to maintain social distance to manage the disease. Robotics, artificial intelligence, and human-robot interactions have gained an increased presence to help manage the spread of COVID-19 in hospitals, airports, transportation systems, recreation and scenic areas, hotels, restaurants, and communities in general. Humanoid robots, autonomous vehicles, drones, and other intelligent robots are used in many different ways to reduce human contact and the potential spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, including delivering materials, disinfecting and sterilizing public spaces, detecting or measuring body temperature, providing safety or security, and comforting and entertaining patients. While controversial in the past due to concerns over job losses and data privacy, the adoption of robotics and artificial intelligence in travel and tourism will likely continue after the COVID-19 pandemic becomes less serious. Tourism scholars should seize this opportunity to develop robotic applications that enhance tourist experiences, the protection of natural and cultural resources, citizen participation in tourism development decision making, and the emergence of new ‘high-touch’ employment opportunities for travel, tourism and hospitality workers.     

Children and Print Visual Culture During the Chilean Popular Unity Government

This article analyses the visual figuration of children during the Chilean Popular Unity government (1970–1973) in a diverse archive of photographs, posters, album covers, magazines, and comics. First, it reads the realist representation of children in photography, which emphasises the dramatics of poverty as a form of establishing a photographic “civil contract” (Azoulay, The Civil Contract of Photography, 2008). Second, it interprets posters and texts concerning the Allende government’s Plan de Leche (Milk Plan) as an affirmative biopolitics. It concludes by showing that the children on illustrated posters are the idealised version of childhood projected by adults as a way of imagining a coming community.     

“文化大革命”以前中国城市劳动就业问题

新中国城市劳动就业问题在20世纪50年代和60年代初呈现不同的特点。50年代以解决旧社会遗留下来的失业问题为主,重点是对众多的失业工人和失业知识分子进行救助。随着失业救济工作的全面展开,党和政府制定了解决城市就业问题的总方针,多管齐下解决不同人群的就业问题。进入60年代后,解决城市新增劳动力的就业问题成为工作的重点,为此,党和政府提出了统筹安排,城乡并举,而以上山下乡为主的工作方针,一方面阻断农村劳动力向城市的流动,另一方面安排失业工人主要是城市知识青年到农村参加劳动,同时广开就业门路。这两个时期的城市就业工作取得了明显的效果,但也留下了一些值得吸取的教训。     

When do decision makers listen (less) to experts? The Swiss government's implementation of scientific advice during the COVID-19 crisis

Under which conditions do politicians listen to scientific experts in a crisis? This study addresses this question by assessing how the Swiss government implemented 186 policy recommendations formulated by the National COVID-19 Science Task Force (STF) to combat the spread of the virus and alleviate its impact on the health system, society and economy during the first year of the pandemic. Results of multiple regression analyses show that the impact of problem pressure on the propensity of the government to implement experts' recommendations varies over time: it was considerably larger during spring 2020 than afterwards. We argue that this reflects a change in status of the STF during the second phase of the pandemic: it was distanced from the political-strategic level of the crisis management organization and its epistemic authority was increasingly questioned by political parties and interest groups. Policy scholars should thus give more attention to how rapidly the government's propensity to rely on expert advice can change.     

区域旅游研究十年:进展与评价

采用文献信息分析的方法对21世纪前10年中国区域旅游研究进行了系统分析和评价。研究发现,现有研究主要集中在区域旅游竞争与合作、区域旅游规划、区域旅游产业、区域旅游竞争力、区域旅游系统与空间结构等五个方面。从内容上看,现有研究与区域旅游发展的时代特征之间具有显著的相关性,\"以任务带学科\"的研究路径仍是这一时期的主流,区域旅游在理论建构方面并没有取得重大进展;而从研究方法上看,现有研究存在过度主观性和过度注重数理技术的应用两种极端倾向。文章最后指出,区域旅游研究应在继续遵循服务产业发展实际的基础上,从对现实问题的解决中提炼出具有学术价值的理论问题,保持对固有研究传统传承的同时,积极寻求理论创新是推动区域旅游研究进步和区域旅游学术发展的必然。