近代海关华洋员人数变迁及分布管窥

1854年太平天国运动期间,英法美三国驻沪领事诱逼上海地方官吴健彰等人把江海关的征税行政交给由三国各提名一人所组成的税务管理委员会接管,这是外国人进入中国海关的开始。接着在1858年,《天津条约》附约《通商章程善后条约》第10款里规定中国聘请外国人帮办海关税务,     

外籍税务司制度下的中国海关人事制度的特点与弊端

外籍税务司制度下的中国海关人事管理制度,在海关建立后前期并无订定的专章,它由历任总税务司仿效西方人事管理制度,根据过去的经验和实际体察的需要随时制定单行则例,逐步修改完善,历经数十年积渐而成。它也有个从人治到法治的过程,即从一切按总税务司个人意志办事到一切接章办事的过程。     

近代海南设关及其对外贸易

本所谓对外贸易,泛指海南岛以外的所有贸易,并非专指国际贸易,还包括海南与英、葡殖民统治下的香港、澳门,法属租借地广州湾(即湛江),以及国内其他埠际贸易。本将简要勾勒海南设关的历史,并围绕二十世纪二十年代至四十年代的海南对外贸易作一概述。     

中国旧海关统计的认知与利用

近代中国旧海关统计种类繁杂,采编形式又时有变化,只有从海关统计制度的演变过程切入,才可以明晰统计文本变化的内涵,并且通过对各类数据的规范定义、计量方法、书写格式等方面的更多把握,才能获得有关旧海关统计文本全面准确的认识,以便评估数据的度量精度、长处与不足,以资于研究者利用晚清至民国这一最为完整、系统的第一手资料,去拓宽、深入近代口岸以及所在地区经济与社会变迁的研究。     

商墓中的毁器习俗与明器化现象

<正>用打碎了的陶、铜、玉器随葬,或者用非实用性的明器随葬,是商文化墓葬中常见的现象。前者流行于二里岗文化时期,后者则以殷墟文化时期为盛。这两种看似不相关的习俗之间,却有着内在的联系。它们在商代中期的此消彼长,反映了商代丧葬观念的变化。本文拟对此进行简单探讨。     

近20年来近代中国海关史研究述评

海关是一个国家监督管理进出口国境的货物、物品和运输工具并执行关税法规及其他进出口管制法令、规章的行政管理机关。其主要任务是依照国家法令对进出国境的货物、货币、金银、证券、行李物品、邮递物品和运载上述货物、物品及旅客进出境携带货物、物品征收关税;查缉走私;编制进出境统计。     

一座尚未充分利用的近代史资料宝库--中国旧海关系列出版物评述

中国旧海关留存的卷帙浩繁的海关文献,是近百年社会经济史研究中一项最为完整、系统的统计数据和文字资料。哈佛燕京所藏的海关资料和京华版《中国旧海关史料》所收录的出版物具有重要的文献价值,以季报、年报、十年报告、国内贸易册、月报等为层次,将其宝贵内容作以介绍,弥补以往简单地介绍海关文献之不足,研究者若能利用这一丰富的资源,将会拓宽和深入中国近代史的研究。     

现代性及其限度：民国文官考试制度平议

民国文官考试制度是一个传统与现代的混合体.其现代性主要体现为法制化程度的提高,平等性和开放性的增强,考试权的独立和考试内容的现代化.但是对经义考试的保留,对传统科举制考试程序的模仿,考试与任用的脱节,党治和军治色彩的存在,个人因素的干扰,派系势力的抗拒等,又使民国文官考试制度的现代性受到极大限制,难以发挥其应有的功效.     

China and global oil: vulnerability and opportunity

China has grown increasingly dependent on imports of oil and, as a consequence, has become a major and very visible player in the international energy markets. For a country which has traditionally been strongly committed to the principle of self‐reliance, this dependence on foreign oil has been a source of vulnerability and anxiety. But it has also been a strategic opportunity for China to chart its own ambitions and objectives as a global economic and political actor. This article addresses the various ways in which China has incorporated its energy import needs within its foreign policy. There are, it is argued, three dimensions to this. There is, first, integration and cooperation with the West and other large oil‐importing countries and a shift away from neo‐mercantilism to a growing reliance on international markets. Second, there is a complementary strategy of balancing, which seeks to develop the energy resources close to its borders, in Russia and Central Asia, which are not so vulnerable to western intervention. And third, there is the construction, though preliminary and nascent at the moment, of a hegemonic order which challenges the US and the West in the critical maritime routes from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean and through to the Persian Gulf region.     

中国古代的避病移居习俗

中国古代有避病移居的习俗,即在某人生病之时,移居他处,希望以此康复。这种习俗源远流长,对它进行一番探讨,可以更好地了解中国古代的民俗文化。     

Maritime territorialisation as performance of sovereignty and nationhood in the South China Sea

The South China Sea (SCS) is a conflict‐ridden international arena of rivalry between China, the USA, India, and the other ASEAN countries over sovereignty, resources and security. In this geopolitical clash China is the dominant force and Vietnam its main challenger. While most analysts assume that the various claims to the mostly uninhabited islands are motivated by the presence of submarine mineral resources, the conflicts evoke strong nationalist feelings in Vietnam and China, fuelled by narratives of the historical presence of fisheries and navies. By analysing the tension between complex territorial claims, new technologies and forms of knowledge applied by these states to delineate their material borders on the sea and vernacular notions of social space, this paper explores how sovereignty and nationality is enacted on a day‐to‐day basis. Thus, I argue that maritime territorialisation is a paradox of treating the sea as ‘land’ produced by the performance of a socially constructed image of the state geo‐body capitalising on strong nationalistic sentiments in China and Vietnam.