浅析送达执行通知书的不合理性及其危害

《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第二百一十六条第一款规定:执行员接到申请执行书或者移交执行书,应当向被执行人发出执行通知,责令其在指定的期间履行,逾期不履行的,强制执行。《最高人民法院关于人民法院执行工作若干问题的规     

民事执行制度改革刍论

我国民事执行制度改革的目的,是要从根本上解决当前广泛存在的“执行难”、“执行乱”问题,建立良性的社会执行程序。本从宏观的角度,在剖析导致“执行难”、“执行乱”诸因素的基础上,从立法、机构设置、权限划分等方面对我国民事执行制度的改革展开讨论,阐述并论证了自己的主张。     

晚清法界人士的民法观

在晚清变法修律的过程中,处于变法修律最前沿的法界人士对民法为规定私人之间的权利义务关系的法律规范这一属性已经有了明确的认识,民法的重要性也已引起了法界人士的注意,他们也已经认识到民法与民事诉讼法是主法与助法的关系,主法宜在助法之先制定。制定中国自己的民法典一定要进行民事习惯调查也是法界人士的共识。此外,在民法的立法宗旨与立法模式上法界人士也已经有较成熟的看法。     

明清民事审判中的裁判性因素探析

明清时期民事审判的裁判性因素主要包括礼、法、情以及利益。这些因素在审判过程中是一个有机联合的整体,任何一个判决都是各种各样裁判性因素杂糅之后的结果。唯有认清这一点,才不至于在条分缕析中"只见树木,不见森林",也才能避免片面化的主观臆断,从而对明清的民事司法现象进行真实、全面、立体的描绘。     

代持股实际出资人执行异议之诉的理论分析与处理办法

目前,司法实践对于强制执行代持股权时实际出资人提起执行异议之能否对抗显名股东债权人的问题产生分歧,出现同案不同判的现象.由于立法的空白,法官主要依靠现有的理论来处理.法院审理此类案件的争议主要集中于是否肯定外观标准理论的运用.通过分析外观标准、事实标准与案外人执行异议之诉的价值理念,衡量之后应当肯定事实标准的运用.鉴于...     

创新与探索：模拟法庭在民事诉讼法学教学中的应用

传统的法学教育过于强调知识的灌输和学术的培养,忽视了实践技能方面的训练,尤其是民事诉讼法课程,由于具有极强的实践性,仅仅灌输知识是毫无意义的。为解决这一矛盾,自20世纪80年代以来,各高校进行了不断的探索,将模拟法庭与课堂教学相结合将能有效解决这一问题。     

国际民事诉讼中推定的法律适用

推定的法律适用是国际民事诉讼中一个重要的理论问题,但目前理论界对此却未达成共识。推定制度在英美法和大陆法上有不同分类。推定制度有浓厚的实体法的色彩。推定应适用民事准据法,或是民事准据法所属国家或地区的诉讼法。     

试论民事裁判执行难的原因及对策

近年来,民事裁判执行难的问题已经成为严重困扰司法体制改革的一大难题,目前,当事人对于法院工作的不满绝大多数源自法院的执行工作。虽然各级法院采取各种措施强化执行力度,探索执行方案,但是执行难得问题始终没有得到有效解决,从而直接导致了公民对于法律公平正义的信仰危机,本文旨在通过对于执行难得成因、对策等方面的探究,拟寻求解决执行难问题的出路。     

乡土中国的传统民事习惯——以无遗嘱且无法定继承人继承为例

随着民间法研究的兴起,大部分研究成果将注意力集中在宏观研究的方面,但是具体的民间法研究没有受到应有的重视。“无遗嘱且无法定继承人继承”这一乡土社会传统民事习惯,正是对具体的民间法进行研究的一个视角。通过对该传统民事习惯进行社会学解读,可以看出其在降低选拔难度、人际关系维持以及补偿方式多样化三个方面都有着自身的特殊优势,能对问题进行有效的解决。我国的法制建设在吸收外来文化的同时,也应当注意汲取传统文化中的优秀成份。     

论我国行政强制执行模式的完善

行政执法是行政机关与人民群众的合法权益最直接相关的、最大量的、经常性的行政管理活动,是依法行政的重要环节。行政强制执行作为保证国家行政管理活动顺利进行的一种行政执法行为,是众多行政执法中强制性表现得最直接、最明显的行政行为,尽管这种行为是迫使行政相对人履行法定义务或达到与履行法定义务相同的状态,但它很容易影响和侵犯行政相对人的合法权益。通过对国内外行政强制执行的立法,以探索既符合我国行政法原理又适合我国国情的行政强制执行模式即司法主导型模式,提出相关完善性措施,以期对我国的行政强制立法提供一点有益的参考。     

Shifting Bordering and Rescue Practices in the Central Mediterranean Sea,October 2013–October 2015

This counter‐mapping project illustrates the areas of intervention of different operations geared toward rescue and enforcement between 2013 and 2015, including the Italian Navy's “Mare Nostrum” search and rescue mission, the EU border agency Frontex's “Triton” enforcement operation, the humanitarian interventions of commercial vessels, and the action of civil‐society rescue vessels such as those operated by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF—Doctors Without Borders). The project offers a spatial understanding of the Mediterranean border‐scape, the practices of rescue and enforcement that occur within it, and the risk of sea‐crossing at this particular moment. Through these maps, the Central Mediterranean Sea emerges as a striking laboratory from which novel legal arrangements, surveillance technologies, and institutional assemblages converge.     

With a Little Help from Our Feds: Understanding State Immigration Enforcement Policy Adoption in American Federalism

Since 2001, state governments have adopted 287(g) cooperative immigration enforcement agreements with the federal government that authorize their law enforcement personnel to assist in detaining violators of civil federal immigration law. Employing a theoretical framework drawn from theories of policy adoption, intergovernmental relations, and immigration research, we test which state‐level political, sociodemographic, geographic, and economic determinants influence states to enter into such a cooperative agreement. In addition to finding that the partisanship of a state's governor, a state's effort on public welfare, and an increase in a state's percentage of Hispanics are related to the adoption of a cooperative immigration enforcement policy, we found evidence of “steam valve federalism” working not at the state level as Spiro (1997) first theorized but at the local level. When a state's localities adopt immigration enforcement agreements with the federal government, the state itself is far less likely to adopt their own. Understanding the reasons states would adopt this type of policy sheds light on current trends in state immigration policy and their effect on future state/federal intergovernmental relations.     

Eisenhower and Kennedy: A Comparison of Confrontations at Little Rock and Ole Miss

The purpose of this study is to assess the ways in which President Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy reacted to the civil rights crises in Little Rock in 1957 and at Ole Miss in 1962. A side theme is to assess presidential learning by seeing whet Kennedy learned from the lessons taught by Eisenhower. Each president was reluctant to commit federal troops to enforcing civil rights, was concerned about the problems associated with federalism, and ended up feeling forced to commit troops nonetheless. The message is that despite the presidents' best intentions, troops ultimately had to be committed. Kennedy was unable to avoid the traps that Eisenhower had encountered, and the imposition of the national government on the enforcement of civil rights was firmly established.     

近代天津会馆房地契约与诉讼习惯研究

近代天津各会馆因房地产交易而订立的种类多样的契约较具典型意义,显示了不同区域会馆土地买卖的状况。清代至民国,天津会馆房地交易的契约形式相对稳定,使得民间契约、习惯和国家法律之间并未产生很大的冲突。在近代天津解纷机制的实践中,官方与商民形成了一个相互配合支持的多层次的调解模式。尽管民间习惯具有极为重要的地位和作用,但在国家立法中,周密的法律规定和严格的执法方式,使国家法规与民间习惯的距离愈来愈大。这种状况直至民国终结都没有得到根本性的改变。     

The Use of Armed Forces in Law Enforcement: Legal,Constitutional and Political Issues in Australia

In Western democracies armed forces perform a variety of internal functions. This paper examines the principles and issues relating to the use of the Australian Defence Force in the enforcement of law against individual citizens and aliens. This function is normally the responsibility of the police but there are pressures in Australia and overseas for the wider use of armed forces in this field. Traditional restraints on the employment of armed forces in this capacity date back to parliamentary resistance to the power of the Crown. Several barriers, constitutional, legal and institutional, have developed to ensure that the executive cannot easily abuse its necessary control over the armed forces in a way that endangers civil liberties. While there is no serious danger of such abuse at present, several issues need to be monitored.     

The state of environmental protection in the Russian Federation: a review of the post-Soviet era

Abstract

In the 25 years since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, sweeping political, economic, and social changes have profoundly influenced environmental protection in Russia, the world’s largest country and one of global importance with respect to natural resources, biodiversity conservation, wilderness preservation, and climate change mitigation. This paper reviews the state of the environment by assessing post-Soviet era changes to legislation, government regulatory institutions, and civil society. A gulf exists between Russia’s formal environmental laws and state agency capacity and interest in enforcing them. This stems, in part, from repeated bureaucratic reorganizations that have progressively eroded environmental institutions. The Russian environmental movement, which blossomed during Gorbachev’s reforms in the late 1980s, struggled in the 1990s to mobilize the broader public due to economic hardship and political instability. Since then, the Putin administration has labeled many environmental groups “anti-Russian” and used aggressive tactics such as raiding NGO offices, intimidating journalists, and instituting severe legislative measures to quash advocacy and dissent. Post-Soviet environmental successes have been relatively few, with expansion of the protected area system and forest certification notable exceptions. These successes can partially be attributed to efforts by large environmental organizations, but expansion of certification and corporate social responsibility is also tied to Russian business interests dependent on natural resource export to global markets increasingly sensitive to environmental concerns. The paper concludes by illustrating how corruption, poor enforcement, and the muzzling of civil society render the state incapable of resolving arguably its most significant environmental challenge: illegal and unregulated resource use.     

从业主维权刍议中国城市社区管治重构

透过频繁发生的城市社区业主维权现象,从城市社会学的社区管治理论视角分析在房地产"后开发阶段"业主维权之特征和动因,探讨在快速城市化背景下,房地产开发中各种利益群体空间冲突的内在机制和缓解冲突的途径。研究表明,在转型期,城市社区业主维权特征表现出新的特征;业主维权是宏观社会背景、行业性质、市场机制和政府角色等因素共同作用的结果。随着业主民主权利意识的逐渐增强,市民社会在城市中产阶级社区中逐渐成为一股社区管治的重要力量,这将为基于社会公平和空间公正的社区基层自治模式的建立打下了良好的基础,政府与开发商应重视市民社会在房地产"后开发阶段"的角色。最后,文章提出维护城市社区的业主利益、推动和谐社区建设的根本在于社区治理中空间权力体系的重构。     

The Limited Effects of Federal Environmental Justice Policy on State Enforcement

The federal government adopted several measures during the mid-1990s to address concerns about race-based and class-based disparities in environmental protection. This article examines whether these measures affected the pattern of state enforcement of three federal pollution control laws. Using differences-in-differences models to estimate the effects of the federal policy adoption, I find evidence of increases in state enforcement of the Clean Air Act in large African-American communities, but declines in enforcement in communities with large poor and Hispanic populations. Similarly, there is evidence that state enforcement of the Clean Water Act decreased in poor and African-American communities, but there were no real changes in enforcement of facilities regulated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. Collectively, the analysis suggests that the federal policy had minimal positive effects on state regulatory enforcement.     

抗战时期中国公务员任用制度

八年抗战时期,国民政府变通普通行政人员、边远省区和具有特殊性质公务员的任用法规,降低考试及格人员的任职资格。与此同时,统一人事管理制度,补办公务员甄别审查,推行公务员、备用人员、军用文职人员的登记,以及公务员的聘用、派用与内外调任制度,兼顾了公务员任用制度的常态发展。这些举措,体现了公务员的依法任用,顺应了抗战建国的需要。由于公务员任用制度本身存在缺点,在执行的过程中"事前审查"变成"事后追认",以及专制制度的危害,孙中山关于考试权独立的理想没有完全实现。     

From humanitarian exceptionalism to contingent care: Care and enforcement at the humanitarian border

Throughout the world, increasingly securitized and militarized border enforcement efforts have made transnational migration an increasingly deadly endeavor for unauthorized migrants. The deadly consequences of unauthorized migration has compelled the emergence of what William Walters refers to as the humanitarian border—the concentration of humanitarian aid and services along the edges of the global North. This paper expands on Walters work through an in-depth analysis of the emergence and transformation of the humanitarian border in southern Arizona, USA. Through an examination of transformations in how migrant care is provisioned, overseen, and regulated in southern Arizona, this paper traces a shift from humanitarian exceptionalism to contingent care whereby care is increasingly linked with enforcement efforts. In doing so, this analysis illustrates how care functions as a technology of border enforcement, increasing the reach of the state to govern more bodies and more spaces.