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1.
Suzanne M. Spencer-Wood 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2010,14(4):498-526
“Powered cultural landscapes” is my term for landscapes that express social power dynamics. Historical archaeologists have
not adopted or developed adequate definitions or theorizations of the terms “power” or “landscape.” Since these terms are
predominantly considered separately in the literature, this article first briefly defines power and develops a heterarchical
theory of power. Then cultural landscapes are defined and categories of human-landscape interactions are constructed. The
bulk of the article applies my heterarchical paradigm to analyze the social power dynamics in selected examples of historical
archaeological research concerned with each category of human-landscape interaction. 相似文献
2.
Alison Wylie 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2007,14(3):209-216
Gender research archaeology has made significant contributions, but its dissociation from the resources of feminist scholarship
and feminist activism is a significantly limiting factor in its development. The essays that make up this special issue illustrate
what is to be gained by making systematic use of these resources. Their distinctively feminist contributions are characterized
in terms of the recommendations for “doing science as a feminist” that have taken shape in the context of the long running
“feminist method debate” in the social sciences. 相似文献
3.
Gender-informed archaeology: The priority of definition, the use of analogy, and the multivariate approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Erica Hill 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》1998,5(1):99-128
Despite recent efforts to construct gender theory in archaeology, I assert that no methodological or theoretical breakthroughs
have occurred. This lack of progress is due to several factors. First, fundamental terms such as “theory,” “gender,” and “sex”
have been used inconsistently; I suggest some working definitions for these terms. Second, researchers have resorted to the
use of analogical arguments that implicitly deny the role of gender in the organization of human relations. Third, feminist
political agendas have been conflated with research questions. In order to address some of these issues, I suggest that the
application of a multivariate approach to the study of gender can avoid the problems inherent in any one line of evidence.
Finally, I argue that a consideration of the scale of gender questions is essential to the application of existing theoretical
frameworks to gender archaeologically. 相似文献
4.
Lynette Russell 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2012,16(2):401-417
Despite the vast research on landscape and landscape archaeology conducted over the past decade little attention has been
given to the role of memory and imagination in people’s engagement with their ancestral homelands, “country” or other meaningful
landscape. An analysis of a range of case studies, both historical and contemporary reveal that people often feel great attachment
to and desire to engage with lands that they may have never visited or have little empirical evidence for attachment. Further
complicating this are those examples where a “heritage” landscape based on ancient homelands is constructed on the diasporic
lands of their daily lives. Understanding these imaginary landscapes offers the opportunity to take a fresh look at the relationship
between identity and landscape. 相似文献
5.
Mary Casey 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2010,14(3):335-356
Elizabeth Macquarie, a daughter of Campbell of Airds, was the wife of Lachlan Macquarie, the fifth governor of New South Wales
(1810–21). The buildings of Argyll, Scotland, strongly influenced choices made by Elizabeth in the buildings erected during
her husband’s 12-year administration of the colony. By examining these Scottish influences, through theories of landscape
and the transfer of traditional, even “old-fashioned,” architectural styles to this far-flung colony, new layers of meaning
embedded within the landscape of Sydney Cove are disentangled to reveal a deeper understanding of how British cultural identity
was recreated on the far side of the world. 相似文献
6.
Shangshu Zhu 《Frontiers of History in China》2006,1(4):517-534
The Song Dynasty enjoyed a splendid culture. Meishan, a small county in Southwest Sichuan, was one of the most developed cultural
areas. This is closely related to a large-scale immigration after the collapse of the Tang Dynasty and the ‘Jingkang defeat’
in the Song Dynasty. Meishan was an area receiving more immigrants than other regions. A great number of distinguished families
from North China brought with them the advanced culture of the Yellow River areas to Meishan, which combined with native culture,
and produced many “cultural clans” from this “clan culture.” Some of these people became elites in various areas through education
and the Civil Service Examinations. The so-called “Meishan Phenomenon” was a result of cultural melting.
Translated by Li He and Zhang Hai from the Journal of Sichuan University, 2004: 3 相似文献
7.
Tianyu Feng 《Frontiers of History in China》2006,1(1):47-60
The cluster of technical terms that the Jesuit Matteo Ricci and his Chinese partners Xu Guangqi and Li Zhizao cotranslated
and introduced into Chinese in the late Ming dynasty was of significance for Chinas cultural transformation. For instance,
“brain” replaced “heart” as a specific term referring to the organ of consciousness and memory. The classical Chinese interrogative
numeral jihe was used to represent the core mathematical term “geometry”. Diqiu, meaning “the globe of the earth” in English, was minted to amend the traditional hemispherical dome cosmology. The identification
of “Cathay” with China clarified the ambiguity in the Western geographical concept of the Far East, which had existed since
the Middle Ages.
Translated from Wuhan University Journal (Humanity Sciences), No. 6, 2003 相似文献
8.
李大龙 《Frontiers of History in China》2008,3(3):323-352
“The Central Kingdom” is pregnant of political implications as well as of geographical and cultural significance. It was believed
that whoever controlled Zhongguo (the Central Kingdom or China) would be the legitimate ruler over Tianxia (the realm under heaven or all under heaven). It was the contention for “the Central Kingdom” among the varieties of dynasties,
notably those established by the Han-Chinese and the various ethnic groups in the northern borderland, that lead to the alternation
of disintegration and unification of the territory. It was not until the Qing Dynasty that the unified “Central Kingdom” composed
of a variety of ethnic groups turned into the ideal “realm under heaven” with “the Central Kingdom” at its core, which naturally
put an end to the formation of territory in ancient China.
Translated by Chen Dan from Zhongguo Bianjiang Shidi Yanjiu 中国边疆史地研究 (China’s Borderland History and Geography Studies), 2007, (3): 1–15 相似文献
9.
The purpose of this article is to explain and discuss the essential operational characteristics of the technology of power
(sensu Foucault) perpetrated on the internal frontiers with the Indians in nineteenth-century Argentina. The conquest and
colonization of the Pampas took shape in the establishment of military camp structures placed to create a defensive cordon,
known as “the Indian frontier line.” These constructions were fortlets defended by gaucho cavalry squadrons (know as Blandengues
during the Spanish period, and then Guardias Nacionales after Argentinean Independence). This process is known in Argentinean
historiography as “the conquest of the desert.” This particular technology of power existed in this historical context and
operated at every social level, impacting strongly on the lower classes that inhabited the incorrectly named “desert.” Its
implementation in the military field enabled the existence of an array of micro-powers that surrounded the gaucho, called
vago y malentretenido—“a vagrant and lingerer”—and their women's lives. The army as institution was the locus of various forms
of coercion and old forms of punishment (such as the stakes, whipping, and public executions) most of which affected peasants,
nonresidents, itinerant workers, and the rural youth. This schema was adopted in different areas: in the enrolment and discipline
of the gaucho soldiers, in life in the fortlet-prisons, and in the ritualism of power. The alternative chosen by soldiers
to evade this technology of power and the fortlet-panopticons was escape through desertion. The utility of those observations
is demonstrated, because an important part of the area of research of historical archaeology that has developed with the greatest
impetus in Argentina has taken fortlets as its subject of study. 相似文献
10.
The studies of urban popular culture in modern China in recent years have attracted wide attention from scholars in China
and abroad. The symposium, which is composed by Ma Min’s “Injecting vitality into the studies of urban cultural history,”
Jiang Jin’s “Issues in the studies of urban popular culture in modern China,” Wang Di’s “The microcosm of Chinese cities:
The perspective and methodology of studying urban popular culture from the case of teahouses in Chengdu,” Joseph W. Esherick’s
“Remaking the Chinese city: Urban space and urban culture” and Lu Hanchao’s “From elites to common people: The downward trend
in the studies of Chinese urban history in the United States,” provide valuable insights on the perspective, trend, and methodology
of the studies.
Four articles of the symposium are translated by Yang Kai-chien and Jin Xueqin from Shixue Yuekan 史学月刊 (Journal of Historical Science), 2008, (5): 5–19; Joseph W. Esherick provides the English version of his article. 相似文献
11.
Alice Beck Kehoe 《Archaeologies》2011,7(1):154-169
Androcentrism marked archaeology on the American Plains, women excluded from major projects and archaeology focused on lithics
supposedly made by men, with sherds used to establish chronologies and regions. In the 1970s, women scholars initiated feminist
studies and became more numerous in the profession. On the Canadian Plains, two 1980 books shifted attention to the formation
of Métis, which can be seen as contributing to feminist diversity theory. Postcolonialism, incorporating collaboration with
First Nations, became important after 2000 and adds to diversity theory as well as pointing the real-world political-economic
consequences of traditional archaeological pictures of Plains “prehistory.” 相似文献
12.
Magdalena Naum 《Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory》2010,17(2):101-131
The article considers the importance of frontier studies in historical archaeology and discusses applicability of some of
the concepts deriving from postcolonial theories for a better understanding of human relationships in the frontier zones.
The conditions of frontiers and borderlands are compared with the characteristics of the “Third Space” described by Homi Bhabha
as a realm of negotiation, translation and remaking. It is argued that concepts developed in postcolonial theories, such as
“Third Space,” “in-betweeness” or hybridity, are useful not only to address cultural and social processes in borderlands that
were created by colonial empires. They are also an apt way to conceptualize relationships in frontiers that lacked colonial
stigma. To illustrate this point, two different historical examples of borderlands are scrutinized in this paper: the medieval
frontier region that emerged between Denmark and the Northwestern Slavic area and the creation of the colonial frontier in
Northeastern America through the establishment of the Praying Indian Towns. 相似文献
13.
Walton A. Green 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2009,1(1):1-13
Like other analytic aspects of archaeology, archaeobotany has been growing progressively more quantitative in the past few
decades. This may be a sign of the proliferation of increasingly mature and sophisticated methodologies for analyzing botanical
data, but associated with the sophistication of quantitative methods is their inherent opacity: the value and applicability
of anthropological conclusions drawn from quantitative archaeobotanical data are not only limited by the amount of information
that can be extracted from data by sophisticated statistical tools, but also by our ability to draw reasonable anthropological—as
opposed to merely statistical—conclusions. Even the words “classification” and “significance” have different meanings in statistics
and in anthropology. In this paper, I propose the use of graphical analysis for archaeobotanical data in addition to, or instead of, typical statistical tools like significance tests, variable reduction,
and clustering. Applied to data from charred seed assemblages from the ancient Near East, the visual representation of quantitative
data has the advantage of handling semiquantitative data better and being interpretable without reliance on the paradigm of
a formal statistical test. 相似文献
14.
Zhitian Luo 《Frontiers of History in China》2009,4(4):479-509
Research on modern Chinese history in the past 30 years can be equally divided into two parts, which are different in terms
of attended issues, observed objects, and investigated topics, and also employ different perspectives to explore “problems,”
utilize different materials, and resort to different formats for narration. To understand this “thirty-year” (post-1978) historiography,
it is necessary to go back to the “seventeen-year” (1949–1966) research before the Cultural Revolution and examine and analyze
these studies for trends of continuity and fracture in the accumulation of scholarship. On the other hand, future research
should be cautious about even an unconscious tendency of self-isolation, keep an open mind, and fully consider the numerous
foreign elements “present in China” in the modern period, their consequences, and impact. 相似文献
15.
Sian Jones 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2012,16(2):346-366
Memory has become an important area of research in historical archaeology over the last decade with an increasing focus on
retrieving the narratives of subaltern groups and painful memories of conflict, displacement and loss. Drawing on ethnographic
research, I explore how archaeological excavation provides an arena for sharing, negotiating and contesting difficult forms
of memory associated with the Highland Clearances. I argue that the Clearances involve a kind of “postmemory” revolving around
a series of iconic motifs and that this provides a framework for interpretation and action in the present. Coherence is produced
not through the “excavation” of silenced narratives, but through social processes of performance, negotiation and “composure,”
as people engage in a dialogue with past, present and future. 相似文献
16.
David Petts 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2011,15(3):461-480
In addition to the well-known foreign missionary activities of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century churchmen, this same period
saw campaigns of active proselytization within Britain. Whether couched in terms referring to “religious revival” or “home
mission” it had the same aim as foreign mission activity, namely to effect religious change. This paper explores the way in
which the religious changes associated with these campaigns affected the landscape of the lead-mining districts of the North
Pennines in northern England. A repeating cycle of preaching first outdoors, then indoors and then in purpose-built structures
can be recognized. 相似文献
17.
Christopher P. Barton Kyle Somerville 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2012,16(1):47-85
The reproduction of racism and class-based oppression are taught to children through various cultural media, including toys
and games. Between 1880 and 1930, the popularity of racialized toys and banks were fear-based responses to the perceived encroachment
by “foreign and exotic” migrations of African American, Chinese, Irish and Native Americans into the cultural landscape of
white middle-class America. This article analyzes how artifacts associated with children, such as mechanical banks, clockwork
figures, and other toys are part of a larger cultural structure that viewed race and class as inseparable, and that these
objects were essential in the development of a learned habitus that exposed white middle class children in the Victorian era
to a racially and class oriented world. We argue that these objects reflect both the times in which they were made, and illuminate
the relationship between adults and a newfound emphasis on children and childhood, in which toys serves as symbolic mediators
of culture. 相似文献
18.
刑铁 《Frontiers of History in China》2009,4(1):39-73
By investigating the Tang-Song examples of widows remaining chastity or inviting a jiejiaofu (second husband) into the deceased husbands’ families, this article analyzes widows’ lives and their right to inherit their
deceased husbands’ family properties. The conclusion is that widows had only “rights of management,” but not the “possessive
right,” over their deceased husbands’ properties. Moreover, the qualities of widows’ lives in their in-law’s families depended
on their relationships with the deceased husbands’ brothers. When being treated unfairly, widows often resorted to “the power
of the maternal uncle” in order to defend their benefits.
Translated into English by Yang Kai-chien 相似文献
19.
The construction of “citizen-state” relations in the intellectual world of modern China and the establishment of individual
citizenship in political discourse have opened up a political and discourse sphere for modern women to strive for new identities,
wherein some intellectually advanced women have managed to establish their individual identity as “female citizen” by carrying
the debate on the relationship between women and the state with regard to their rights and responsibilities, and on the relationship
between gender role and citizenship. Though the idea of “female citizen” was not provided with a political theory of practical
significance, the subject identity of women, however, was repeatedly spoken about and strengthened in brand-new literary practices,
resulting in a dynamic discourse of “female citizen”; in the meantime, disagreements concerning the concepts of “female rights,”
“civil rights,” and “natural rights” have all helped create significant tension inside the related discourse sphere.
Translated by Feng Mei from Nankai Xuebao 南开学报 (Journal of Nankai University), 2008, (4): 40–47 相似文献
20.
Kurt F. Anschuetz Richard H. Wilshusen Cherie L. Scheick 《Journal of Archaeological Research》2001,9(2):157-211
This review calls for the definition of a landscape approach in archaeology. After tracing the development of the landscape idea over its history in the social sciences and examining the compatibility between this concept and traditional archaeological practice, we suggest that archaeology is particularly well suited among the social sciences for defining and applying a landscape approach. If archaeologists are to use the landscape paradigm as a pattern which connects human behavior with particular places and times, however, we need a common terminology and methodology to build a construct paradigm. We suggest that settlement ecology, ritual landscapes, and ethnic landscapes will contribute toward the definition of such a broadly encompassing paradigm that also will facilitate dialogue between archaeologists and traditional communities. 相似文献