Two Models of Residential Conservation: communal life in an Australian box-ironbark forest

Grassroots community organisations offer simple ways of maintaining natural heritage values. Given the degradation of landscapes supporting fauna in many parts of the world, such organisations promise direct benefits for local communities and ecological biodiversity. Also, global warming, resulting in part from the removal of forest, will abate with the restoration of trees. The Bend of Islands (Victoria, Australia) boasts two organisations dedicated to the communal conservation of a landscape of remnant box-ironbark (eucalypt) forest. This woodland heritage is managed by residents to preserve its ecological values.The Round the Bend Conservation Co-operative (RBCC) is a land settlement co-operative. Members are committed to maintaining the local bushland in as natural a state as possible using minimal-impact environmental practices. The Bend of Islands Conservation Association (BICA) was established several years after the co-operative, but with the same environmental purpose. It covers a broader area, incorporating over 130 private land titles. This article describes the history and practices of RBCC and BICA and indicates their potential as models for the development of conservation principles and practices by other communities in similar landscapes.     

20世纪80年代以来世界环境问题与环境保护浪潮分析

20世纪的帷幕已然落下,对20世纪的反省却方兴未艾。人们从许许多多的角度对之加以描述或定位。有人认为20世纪是“全球规模环境破坏的世纪”。这一说法其实并不为过。虽然环境问题由来已久,但大规模、高速度的生态环境恶化趋势,只是近一个世纪以来、特别是二战后出现的现象,而非历史的常态。     

Cleaning Up Their Acts: Shifts of Environment and Energy Policies in Pluralist and Corporatist States

This study examines the abilities of different types of governments to take proactive steps towards reducing pollution. Specifically, the hypothesis that the system of interest group representation on a scale of pluralism to corporatism will affect a state's rate of change to reduce consumption of carbon dense fuels. Using a standardized measure of carbon density of fuels consumed, this work examines industrialized economies over a 13-year time period. The study shows that the Nordic corporatism systems are more capable of shifting to cleaner fuels than pluralist, majoritarian systems. It is asserted that this is a result of the goal-oriented policymaking in corporatist states in comparison to more process-oriented policymaking in pluralist systems.     

苏州平江街区保护中文化保护的思考

历史文化街区是城市历史文化的见证,它不仅具有丰富的文物古迹、鲜明的空间格局和独特的建筑风貌,而且具有深厚的文化内涵和人文精神。忽视街区原有文化的保护和传承,必将造成街区灵魂的失落,那些承载丰富历史信息的街区势必变成布景式的景区。在历史街区保护中,文化保护规划是历史街区保护的前提;文化传承是历史街区保护的本质;文化元素提炼是历史街区保护的创新。     

Changes in the Abundance and Diversity of Proteaceae in South‐western Australia: a Review of an Integrated Palaeoenvironmental Study

South‐western Australia is a globally significant hotspot of Proteaceae diversity. This review reports on changes in the abundance and diversity of Proteaceae in south‐western Australia. Using palynology, the data were obtained from three sediment sequences from the Eocene, Pliocene and Holocene, as well as a modern pollen rain study, in the context of a vegetation history framework. The total percentages of Proteaceae pollen in pollen counts indicate that the number of Proteaceae in the vegetation are highest at present, slightly lower, yet still high in the Eocene, reduced by the Pliocene and lowest in the Holocene. It was found that Proteaceous genera can contribute up to 50% of the total modern pollen rain. Sediment from Lake Lefroy showed Nothofagus‐dominated rainforest occurred in the Middle to Late Eocene. Proteaceae species were at least as diverse as today, contributing up to a maximum of 42% of the total pollen rain, and varying across small lateral distances. A laminated Pliocene age sequence from Yallalie confirmed other studies that south‐western Australia was covered by a rich vegetation mosaic consisting of heath and wet rainforest elements. Proteaceae species were a consistent component of the counts, although diversity and abundance (maximum 5%) were low. A Holocene record from Two Mile Lake, near the Stirling Range, recorded little environmental change. Proteaceae species were noted in low abundance, at a maximum of 3.5% of the total pollen count. It is likely that both changing pollination mechanisms and changes in associated vegetation are important in determining the dispersal of Proteaceous pollen.     

Voluntary Environmental Programs in the Public Sector: Evaluating an Urban Water Conservation Program in California

Solving conflictual environmental policy problems is increasingly falling under the purview of local governments and public agencies. Nonregulatory approaches, such as the development of voluntary environmental programs (VEPs), could offer a useful policy alternative as they often have greater political traction and flexibility. However, there has been little work examining the use of VEPs in the public sector. This article uses a new dataset from California to examine how political institutions affect decisions by local governments and public agencies to participate in a voluntary urban water conservation program and whether this program has improved the water conservation performance of its members. The results show that special district governments, private utilities, and water suppliers dependent on purchased water are more likely to participate in the program and to join early. However, urban water agencies that have joined the program have not reduced their per capita water use more than those that have not. These results underscore the influence of political institutions in public‐sector decision making and demonstrate that, as in the private sector, commitment to a VEP by local government and public agencies does not guarantee implementation or environmental improvements. While voluntary programs offer political and administrative advantages, in order for VEPs in the public sector to be effective they must be accompanied and supported by credible enforcement mechanisms, performance standards, and rigorous monitoring programs.     

Conservation in the Chang Tang

Mr.George B.Schaller is from Wildlife Conservation Society,he had been to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau many times to conduct a wildlife survey.The follows is his point view on northern Tibet,namely Chang Tang.     

《中国文物古迹保护准则》在文物建筑保护工程中的应用

近些年来,随着国家相关文物保护政策的完善以及财政投入的不断增加,我国文物建筑的保护取得巨大成绩。但由于理念、管理、专业技术以及执法等方面的相对不适应,文物建筑保护工程在设计、施工和管理中出现了一些问题。本文结合《中国文物古迹保护准则》及相关文物保护的法规政策,对这些问题加以探讨,并提出了一些建设性的意见。     

Observations on the Geographical Dimensions of Russia's Resource Abundance

A UK-based authority on Russia's economic geography examines the geographical dimensions of Russia's resource abundance, devoting particular attention to the spatial redistribution of resource rents generated by extraction, primary processing, and fabrication. After establishing Russia's credentials as a "resource-abundant economy," the author identifies the country's resource regions and considers their relative importance in terms of population, territory, and national economic contribution. He then considers the various dimensions (and different geographies) of resource rent, focusing on the oil and gas sector. The paper extends Gaddy and Ickes' (2005) macro-economic assessment and discusses the consequences of rent redistribution for interregional income flows as well as Russia's territorial cohesion. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O11, O13, O18, Q30. 5 figures, 1 table, 55 references.     

中动协《科学保护野生动物》展览成中国·贵州生态产品(技术)博览会关注热点

《科学保护野生动物》展览与公益同行 《科学保护野生动物》展是由中国野生动物保护协会主办,中国野生动物保护协会科学考察委员会(以下简称“科考委员会”)、《旅游纵览》杂志社、中国生态摄影网承办的生态影像公益展览.中国野生动物保护协会副会长、科考委员会主任委员陈建伟,中国野生动物保护协会科普处处长郭立新,科考委员会常务副主任委员兼秘书长、 《旅游纵览》杂志社社长张德志亲临现场指导工作,并参加公众科普宣传服务活动.     

纺织品文物保护中压裱技术应用初探

针对糟朽脆弱纺织品文物不适用化学、微生物、针线等方法进行加固处理的难题．尝试织物压裱技术进行加固保护,该方法适用干脆弱糟朽织物的保护、保存和展示研究。在评价现存普通夹裱装置的基础上,结合改良压裱制作实例,详述了压裱技术的制作方法和类型,并对其设计方法、选材标准、加工工艺、应用的利与弊、选用评估方法、应用维护规范等方面进行了探讨。     

布达拉宫壁画的保护研究

布达拉宫是一处世界文化遗产,保存了大量的反映西藏政治、经济、文化、社会生活、佛教等题材的壁画,具有极高的历史价值、艺术价值和科学价值。受自然和人为因素的影响,壁画不同程度的产生了空鼓、起甲等病害,严重影响了文物的保存。本文针对壁画的最严重的空鼓病害,通过室内实验和现场试验研究,筛选出了vRPS为主剂,粉煤灰（F）加阿嘎土（A）为填料的无机灌浆材料并辅以锚杆补强加固空鼓壁画的修复材料和修复工艺,取得了良好的效果。同时对内窥镜检测壁画空鼓状况以及探地雷达检测空鼓加固后的效果也做了尝试性的试验研究。     

Conservation charity land ownership in Scotland

Land ownership in Scotland has been the subject of increasing public debate. This paper traces the establishment of the conservation land ownership movement in Scotland from 1931. Charitable donations influence and affect the ability of voluntary bodies to acquire land. Voluntary ownership increased dramatically from the 1960s and the growth in outdoor recreation focused attention on the way mountain estates are managed by charities. Public bodies are instrumental in providing funding and influencing government support for land acquisition. The National Lottery, for example, affects greatly the ability of charities to acquire land. New charities have been formed with a specific focus on trees and wild land but conservation charities have been criticised for aspects of their land management. These charities continue to attract funding from people with a deep belief that their activities are for the benefit of the people of Scotland.