旅游是什么——基于社会大众视角的反思

关于“旅游是什么”的讨论由来已久,但以往对此问题的研究多采用演绎逻辑或历时分析.通过访谈收集62位社会大众对此问题的回答,并使用内容挖掘分析法提取高频词后,本文发现,旅游的核心构成是时间、空间与体验;旅游的本质动机包括放松、体验、猎奇、享乐、社交与审美.本文又采用扎根理论编码对访谈内容进行分析,发现,不同的消费者建构不同的旅游类型,具体包括享乐型旅游、体验型旅游、生活型旅游和消费型旅游.对文本进一步批判性分析又发现,社会大众建构的旅游是被体制化的,旅游所追求的自由是有限度的自由,体现在旅游时间和空间的限定以及对旅游行为特征的刻板印象.     

The wires crossed: What dowsing reveals about environmental knowledge in Britain

Dowsing is a customary means of finding hidden things – especially water and minerals – and is found across northern Europe and the Americas. It recently became the subject of some controversy after a scientist revealed that 10 out of the 12 British water companies stated on Twitter that they used the practice, despite a lack of scientific evidence for its efficacy. In this article, the author analyzes the contours of this controversy in order to identify underlying cultural attitudes towards knowledge and the landscape it reveals. He concludes by sounding two notes of caution regarding the critical posture adopted by scientists who are rushing to condemn this customary practice, stressing the importance of understanding the nature of dowsing as a cultural form regardless of its efficacy and the need for scientists to be mindful of their own biases and preconceptions.     

Peace Conferences and the Century Of Total War: The 1899 Hague Conference and What Came After

The Hague Peace Conference of 1899 was unprecedented and momentous. Pressed by public concern about the arms race and its costs, the governments of all great and most lesser powers, suppressing their doubts about the possibility of achieving anything, convened in May 1899 to discuss the Tsar's draft proposals for general measures of disarmament and pacification. Although there was too much mutual suspicion for any progress with disarmament, the Conference opened up a new era in international relations: its multilateral treaty to encourage arbitration and its establishment of a permanent court to facilitate this may be seen as the germ of the International Court of Justice; and within a batch of measures designed to modernize the laws of war, the Hague Regulations Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, recapitulated at the second such conference in 1907, became the basis of our century's laws of war. Apart from those achievements, given the grand aims of the Conference and the public interest it generated, it can be seen as a prototype of all League of Nations and United Nations gatherings ever since.     

「近代小說」とは何か --「近代」の再考に即して

はじめに　中村光夫は“日本の近代小说”でぬそゅる国に共通する现象として芸术には“传统”と“现在”か并存しこぃるとし、りぉけ日本の场合にはその对立か极めて著しぃとして次のょぅに述べてぃる。