WHAT I BELIEVE: TAKING UP THE SERPENTS OF SOCIAL THEORY AND SOUTHEASTERN ARCHAEOLOGY

Social theory in Southeastern archaeology is constantly transforming. This generally positive process is nonetheless often fraught with growing pains. A sack of snakes serves as a humorous guise to highlight some of the issues currently being faced with social theory in the Southeast. Each “snake” poses a reality check on contexts of social theory as created by Southeastern archaeologists.     

基于地域性认同的土地利用规划模式反思

传统封闭式"自上而下"土地利用规划模式在包容社会主体的土地利用需求矛盾、协调土地利用对人地关系的复杂影响、统筹区域多元增长目标等方面存在不足。地域性认同理论及相关研究成果,可为创新国内土地利用规划模式提供借鉴。本文以社会建构论为切入点,在剖析封闭式、公开式等两种主要土地利用规划模式的基础上,将以社会建构为核心的地域性认同理论融入我国现有土地利用规划体系,构建基于地域性认同的土地利用规划模式,以提升土地利用规划的过程和结果质量。     

社会地理学社会-文化转型的内涵与研究前沿方向

根据国外名学的观点与权威献,论述社会地理学社会—化转型的学科内涵,重点探讨了“新”社会地理学的理念、研究的主体内容与前沿方向。全从社会—化转型的角度认定“新”人地理学是一门探索性的社会科学,它的社会—化空间性为其他社会科学挖掘其学科内涵拓展了思路,并为它们指引空间延伸的方向与内容。第二,探索性地总结了“新”社会地理学主体研究内容、结构及其目标。即“社会空闻结构”的综合理念及其进展。第三,探讨了新社会地理学与其他“新”人地理学分支学科交叉研究的前沿方向,及其相关的较为成熟的学科内容及其研究框架。全揭示学科边沿性越来越模糊的新社会地理学的基础原理是人地理学其它分支学科分析与探讨问题的理念基础。     

The history of method and theory in the study of prehistoric puebloan pottery style in the American Southwest

The history of Americanist archaeology can be profitably approached through an examination of ceramic design studies in the puebloan region of the American Southwest. An intellectual tradition is represented throughout these studies, grounded in the assumption that ceramic design variation can be reflected, among other things, in prehistoric social groupings. Within this tradition, a number of differences in method, theory, and application can be distinguished, including (1) the classificatory systems employed, (2) the spatial and temporal scales at which ceramic design variation was studied, and (3) the potential functional role of stylistic attributes on pottery. The debates, both intellectual and social, surrounding the development of method and theory in the New Archaeology are clarified by this historical review, as are the transitions to Culture History and from the New Archaeology in the American Southwest.     

The modernization paradigm based on monistic multi-linear theory: a response to some comments

Long before 1979, Chinese historical research had been dominated by the theory of the Five Modes of Production , according to which the whole Chinese history as well as the other parts of the world had been developed from the first MOD to the last one by one. The modernization theories prevailed during the 1950s and the 1960s, bringing about another uni-linear model of historical changes. For example, W. W. Rostow designed a five-stage process as a universal frame work of economic development, based on which each society could find its position in this uni-line. The task of the less developed societies is just to introduce modernity from the modernized societies so that they can make some developments. Thus modernization is a uni-direction movement as well as a uni-linear process. After 1979, modernization as a new paradigm has been accepted by an increasing number of Chinese historians. The increasing depth and breadth of the academic researches have encouraged such an acceptance, but, admittedly, as a new conceptual system that corresponded to the historic breakthrough and the new direction towards modernization in China. This acceptance also showed the crisis of paradigm , that is, the contradiction between the new themes and the old ones that had dominated Chinese humanities and social sciences. The modernization paradigm based on monistic multi-linear theory considers modernization as a unique breakthrough in history, a great transformation around the whole world, and a historical process that does not have a given ultimate aim and value but different models and routes. The monistic multi-linear theory on historical development is open and all-embracing in historical studies. A variety of historical paradigms is favorable to prosperity of Chinese history.     

服务业区位论:概念、理论及研究框架

二战以来,随着世界经济服务化进程加快,国内外学者越来越关注服务业区位理论的研究,但迄今为止,国内外学术界至今没有形成完整的服务业区位理论体系。从区位论的基本概念出发,在区位过程理论的基础上,根据服务业的特性及分类,提出了由一般服务业区位理论和服务业行业区位理论构成的服务业区位理论研究框架。在服务业区位理论框架的基础上,阐述了服务业区位选择的基础理论,初步构建了由经济区位因素、空间区位因素、信息区位因素和人文区位因素构成的服务业区位因素钻石模型,并探讨了服务业区位选择及区位模式的研究思路。结合所建立的服务业区位理论体系,提出了服务业区位的实证研究框架。     

Mortuary practices: Their social,philosophical-religious,circumstantial, and physical determinants

Recent, mainstream, American mortuary archaeology, in its paradigmatic outlook, middle-range theory, analytic methodology, and case studies, has emphasized social organization as the primary factor that determines mortuary practices. Broader anthropological and social science traditions have recognized philosophical-religious beliefs as additional, important determinants. The historical roots of mortuary archaeology's focus on the social, and the consequence of this on theory development, is reviewed. Then, through a Human Relations Area Files (HRAF) cross-cultural survey, the kinds of philosophical-religious, social organizational, circumstantial, and physical factors that affect specific kinds of mortuary practices, and the relative importance of these factors, are documented. The data are also used to test basic premises that mortuary archaeologists routinely use today to reconstruct social organization. A balanced, more holistic, and multidisciplinary approach, which considers many kinds of causes beyond social ones, is found necessary to interpret mortuary remains and to reconstruct the past from them.     

基于社会资本理论的产业转移研究:江苏南北共建开发区模式解析

将社会资本的理论嵌入产业转移研究,拓展了传统产业转移研究的视野。阐述了基于社会资本的产业转移新内涵,认为产业转移是一个涉及主体、客体和载体的动态网络化过程;提出了基于社会资本结构维度、关系维度和目标维度的产业转移分析新框架;解析了江苏省南北共建开发区模式产业转移的典型经验,构建了企业、政府、开发区与规范、信任、网络的产业转移与社会资本互动的"三角模型",探讨了计量解析的方法;提出了相应政策建议。     

发展型城市政体主导的城市游憩商业区空间生产研究——以西安大唐不夜城为例

基于列斐伏尔空间三元论的理论视角,以西安大唐不夜城城市游憩商业区为例,采用城市政体理论的分析方法,深入探讨城市游憩商业区空间的生产机制和利益相关者之间的相互作用关系。研究发现：空间三元论可以用来解析城市游憩商业区的空间生产过程。空间的表征是政—商增长联盟主导构建符号化空间的过程。表征的空间中的社会关系,表现为发展型城市政体三方参与者的互动关系：一是公众在实体和虚拟空间中同步建构起来的空间想象和身份认同;二是政—商增长联盟对公众空间想象的积极回应,促使符号化空间的进一步情景化,以及空间的重塑。其中,网络时代的社交媒体已经成为公众参与城市政体议价的新路径。空间的实践表现在地域生产关系的转变和城市游憩商业区影响力的尺度跃迁。空间生产的上述三个方面是三位一体的辩证统一关系。研究还发现,在城市游憩商业区这种空间类型中,发展型城市政体导致公众对符号化空间规训的反应以悦纳为主,而非抵抗。     

基于西方学生化理论建构的中国本土研究进展及思考

近20年来,学生化现象呈全球化趋势,与城市空间交互密切。西方城市地理学界最早关注学生化现象,并系统建构学生化理论。约10年前,该理论被引入中国,开始了本土化研究。鉴于助推学生化理论中国本土化建构的研究仍较少,本文首先介绍了中西方学生化现象及其理论建构的时代背景,阐释了针对学生化理论本土化思考的必要性及意义。随后,通过梳理西方学生化理论建构及其本土化研究,思考了中西方共同关注的理论焦点和研究理论框架,以及对研究中国学生化可能有益的研究方法。最后,文章探讨了基于中国国情的学生化概念界定思考的重要性。     

What Is Next for Policy Design and Social Construction Theory?1

The study of policy design has made great progress over the past decade in leading scholars to understand why the American political system produces certain kinds of designs rather than others, and the consequences that policy designs have for democracy. This article outlines the distinctive and important elements of policy design theory—the centrality of policy design, the attention to social constructions, the attention to policy consequences (or feed‐forward effects), and the integration of normative and empirical research and theory. It then suggests how policy design theory can complement other policy theories in guiding research and evaluating the conditions of U.S. democracy, and how in its own right it can be further developed and used to guide important inquiry about public policy's politics and social impacts.     

基于行动者网络的乡村转型及其空间生产研究——以凤和空港小镇为例

本文基于“网络结构—作用因子”互补视角综合运用行动者网络理论与空间生产理论，采用半结构访谈法，以广州市凤和空港小镇为典型案例，深度分析乡村转型的具体过程与逻辑内涵，并证实了空间生产的运作机制与行动者网络构建过程的内在关联性。研究表明，凤和空港小镇通过创建文旅型美丽乡村构建了行动者网络，政府、企业、游客、村民等异质行动者互构空间，使原来的空心村、贫困村转型为现代商业社区；空港小镇的乡村转型本质上是将传统村落社群“生产”为都市消费空间的空间商品化过程，以资本、权力、消费文化为主导的空间生产过程，在多方关系交织与话语建构下表现为错综复杂的社会效应。     

“价值”优先下的“事实”重建：清季民初新史家寻找中国历史“进化”的努力

清末民初的一种流行观点认为,中国自秦汉以下皆在退化或循环中。但按照社会进化论,它也就意味着中国处在人类历史“公例”之外,面临必然被淘汰的危险,这促使一批新史家在中国历史中寻找“进步”的迹象。然而,因为传统政治和学术主流皆被视为“专制的”,他们不得不另辟蹊径。梁启超等人为此提出两个方案,一是把中国历史描述为一步步走向“世界”的过程;一是弱化传统政治史的地位,强调社会史、文明史、民史的重要性。这两种现象皆和社会进化论有密切而曲折的学理关系,结果把一些过去认为非“正统”的现象升格为历史叙述的主线。经过这番改造后,历史的“价值”与“事实”再次统一起来。     

企业理论发展脉络与研究内容评析

作为经济社会发展到一定历史阶段的产物,企业处于不断的演变过程中,企业理论也同样处于不断发展与演化过程中。本文试图通过对企业理论的发展脉络进行回顾和梳理,从经济学和管理学两个方面整理出典型的企业理论,并作出简要的述评,以期厘清企业理论的发展脉络和逻辑演进路径,并对企业理论的研究内容作出评析。     

The modemization paradigm based on monistic multi-linear theory: a response to some comments

Long before 1979, Chinese historical research had been dominated by the theory of “the Five Modes of Production”, according to which the whole Chinese history as well as the other parts of the world had been developed from the first MOD to the last one by one. The modernization theories prevailed during the 1950s and the 1960s, bringing about another uni-linear model of historical changes. For example, W. W. Rostow designed a five-stage process as a universal frame work of economic development, based on which each society could find its position in this uni-line. The task of the less developed societies is just to introduce modemity from the modernized societies so that they can make some developments. Thus modernization is a uni-direction movement as well as a uni-linear process. After 1979, modernization as a new paradigm has been accepted by an increasing number of Chinese historians. The increasing depth and breadth of the academic researches have encouraged such an acceptance, but, admittedly, as a new conceptual system that corresponded to the historic breakthrough and the new direction towards modernization in China. This acceptance also showed the “crisis of paradigm”, that is, the contradiction between the new themes and the old ones that had dominated Chinese humanities and social sciences. The modernization paradigm based on monistic multi-linear theory considers modernization as a unique breakthrough in history, a great transformation around the whole world, and a historical process that does not have a given ultimate aim and value but different models and routes. The monistic multi-linear theory on historical development is open and all-embracing in historical studies. A variety of historical paradigms is favorable to prosperity of Chinese history. __________ Translated from: Shixue Yuekan 史学月刊 (Journal of Historical Science), No.5, 2004, by Wang Fan; Revised by Chong Hua     

制度转型的多样性因素及关系分析——魏玛共和国和联邦德国民主试验的经验比较

民主政治制度的稳定运行不仅需要合理的制度安排和稳定的经济发展,更需要与之相适应的政治文化。魏玛共和国民主试验的失败是其制度设计上的重大缺陷、经济上的失败及政治文化转型迟滞的复合性后果,而联邦德国民主制度的成功运作,则得益于它精致完备的制度安排、成功的经济与社会发展和努力培育与民主政治相适应的公民文化。因此,制度转型与文化转型具有内在的深层互动关系,政府效能和合法性与政治文化特质高度关联,而文化转型则是一个渐进发展的长期过程。     

对马克思分工-阶级理论的再解读

长期以来,人们把马克思主义的阶级理论归结为“生产资料所有制决定阶级的划分;阶级斗争推动社会发展”这样一种理论模式。现在,人们发现运用这种理论模式解释历史和现实都遇到众多的困难,于是出现了要求用西方社会学的社会分层理论代替阶级分析理论的呼声。这是对马克思阶级理论作教条式误读引起的不良后果。实际上,马克思主义的阶级理论本是一种“分工—阶级理论”,按照这样的理论,就应把阶级视为在一定生产力发展水平决定的分工体系中处在不同的地位、发挥不同的作用、因而对生产资料和生产成果拥有不同的占有或支配权利、并因而具有不同的思想和行为取向的社会集团。运用这样的分工—阶级理论分析历史和现实社会的阶级、阶层及其相互关系和与之相应的社会变迁,才能看清社会历史演进的规律性和必然趋势。     

Reconsidering the behavioral basis for style: A case study among the Kalahari San

In this paper, it is proposed that there is a behavioral basis for much, but not all, of the formal variation in material culture that has been called style by archaeologists. This aspect of stylistic behavior is founded on the basic human cognitive process of identification via comparison. Such stylistic behavior is argued to be one means by which people negotiate their personal and social identities relative to that of surrounding others. Thus, the process of social, and corresponding stylistic, comparison is proposed as the mechanism underlying stylistic development and change. This behavioral basis for style is explicated in a case study among the Kalahari San, in which the role of style in beaded headbands in regional, areal, and personal identity relations, as well as exchange, is investigated. Finally, the proposed behavioral basis for style is discussed in terms of what it can contribute to interpretation of variability in material culture, current approaches to style, and its implications for the development of a theory of style.     

An archaeology of social relations in an Egyptian village

Postprocessual archaeology has placed great importance on individuals and social interaction, though in practice this often proves a difficult project to realize. The rich archaeological and cultural data offered in an Egyptian context suggest that it is possible to identify how specific individuals and groups functioned with a domestic context, taking into account the complex vectors of social inequality—age, sex, class, status, and life experience. In the process, this paper seeks to question the narrow construal ofgender as analogous to the domain of women, and show the inadequacies of such an approach. It offers an opportunity to mesh material culture with social theory by linking sociocultural, spatial, and temporal data.