珠穆朗玛峰——世界巅峰第三极

正在漫长的岁月中,人类对自己生存的空间产生过各种遐想。大地有尽头吗?它是方的还是圆的?为什么日、月、星辰总是东升西落?为什么会有四季变化等等。从1492年,哥伦布首航发现美洲大陆开始,人类进入了地球地理发现的时代,这个阶段持续了400年。到20世纪初期,地球上的所有地方都被绘制在地图上,其中有3个地点虽然被人所知,但没有人去过。它们就是被称为极地的"北极""南极"和地球上的最高点——珠穆朗玛峰(以下简称珠峰)。     

Conceptualizing the Third World: Language, Theory, and Method

Book reviewed in this article:
Pearl L. Hahn and Mary Ann Heiss, Empire and Revolution: The United States and the Third World since 1945     

Drugs for Tropical Diseases in the Third World

Abstract

The relationship between the World Health Organization's Special Programme for reducing tropical diseases and the pharmaceutical industry is the author's main theme. The problems of malaria, schistosomiasis, filariasis trypanosomiasis – both types – leishmaniasis and leprosy are surveyed with references to their chemotherapy, the search for new drugs and possible immunity. It is concluded that existing drugs are far from perfect, but untll better ones have been discovered, they represent the best treatment for most of the diseases reviewed.     

Geography and the study of Third World underdevelopment re-revisited

Progress in development geography has been recently associated with the shift of the perspective on underdevelopment from a right-wing, conservative standpoint to a leftward, liberal-radical position. Marxism often conceals its message in obscure rhetoric with moral overtones on colonialism, slavery, poverty, and underdevelopment. Liberal academics have lamely acceded to the dogmas of this once-assertive ideology. Marxist view have exerted a stimulus on debates, but could not provide answers to the issues of this discipline. The hopes of development and prosperity a generation ago have evaporated only to be replaced by news of economic malaise, the food crisis, and crushing debt. In the late 1980's geographers addressed Third World environmental issues. Blaikie and Brookfield examined environmental deterioration among elements of the population-environment issue. Lewis and Berry dealt with African environments and resources. Watts and Bassett touched on agrarian and political concerns in West Africa. Adams examined water resources development in Nigeria's Sokoto Valley. Bryceson analyzed the political economy of agriculture in Tanzania. Lawson depicted how government policy bore on agriculture and its regional pattern. Crush detailed the absorption of Swazi labor into the South African economy. Dayal described the deficiency diet of agricultural workers in Bangladesh. Others examined Africa's financial disaster, Japan's trade surplus, and the global population crisis. Nevertheless, the dearth of output on and neglect of Third World issues by human geographers awaits positive research publications.     

燃烧生命挑战极限--记钟老在《民俗学概论》修改、定稿的日子里

2003年11月21日,全国各地的民俗学者相聚首都庆祝中国民俗学会成立二十周年。展阅1983年5月21日学会成立大会时的纪念照,大家激情无限,思绪难平。时隔二十年,当年照片上在前排就座的老一辈民俗学家、民族学家、历史学家、语言学家、文化史学专家很多都已先后谢世,钟老离开我们也快两年了。然而,以钟老为代表的老一辈学者所开创的民俗学事业,正由一代又一代新的、意气风发的学者不断地发扬光大。回顾这二十年的发展,我们都会不约而同地怀念起一代宗师钟敬文先生。