In Memoriam: Philip Mainwaring Johnston,F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A.

Abstract

It is increasingly recognised that religion was the mainspring of pre-Reformation domestic ritual in royal as well as episcopal and archiepiscopal households. This article sets out to examine the architectural consequences of this. It argues that from the mid-15th century a small group of high-status residential buildings was planned around the need for lavish liturgical display, particularly the introduction of a cloister. The patrons of such buildings were churchmen of the highest rank such as Henry Beaufort and Thomas Wolsey who, it is argued, had special requirements for their principal residences. These requirements subsequently went on to influence the plans of early Tudor royal palaces, culminating in the reconstruction of Whitehall Palace by Henry VIII in the 1540s.     

Liberal dilemmas,conservative problems: F.A. Hayek and ideological tension

The late Austrian philosopher and economist Friedrich von Hayek is well‐known for expounding a variety of liberalism which is informed by conservative insights. The tensions implicit in this ideological fusion are many, and critics disagree on the extent to which his ‘conservative‐liberal’ synthesis is a viable one. With reference to the tension which exists within, as well as between, the liberal and conservative ideologies, this paper argues that the importance of Hayek's synthesis is not its internal coherence (to the extent that this can be ascertained). Rather, the major contribution of his synthesis resides in its illumination of the tensions exemplified by both the ideologies he attempted to combine.