GEOGRAPHIC FORECASTING FOR OPTIMIZING NATURE MANAGEMENT AS A BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE KANSK-ACHINSK FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX

A program for forecasting the possible environmental consequences of industrial development in the Kansk-Achinsk Fuel and Energy Complex (KATEK) is described, the resulting forecasts providing the basis for recommendations for future resource development. Attention is focused on the projected impacts of the location of two state regional power stations (GRES) and one large strip mine in the Sharypovo area, the authors recommending that this represent the maximum capacity to be concentrated at any one location for environmental reasons. [Apparently, planners took this into consideration, as recently announced plans for the basin have been scaled back to include only two stations (see S.G., April 1988)—Ed., S.G.] One variant calls for the resiting of one of the GRES units to the eastern part of the KATEK area (translated by Natalia B. Barbash, Brooklyn, NY 11209).     

ASSESSING NATURAL CLAY COMPOSITION IN THE VALLEY OF OAXACA AS A BASIS FOR CERAMIC PROVENANCE STUDIES

The Oaxaca Clay Survey was initiated to provide baseline data on clay composition within the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico, to assist in provenance determination of prehistoric ceramics. Natural clays were sampled from 135 locations throughout the valley, and analysed using INAA in combination with ceramic petrography. Observed geographical trends in trace‐element and mineralogical composition confirm that while parent material (surficial geology) strongly affects clay composition, a continuum of variation exists within the valley. The study develops and tests a continuous spatial model of clay composition that provides greater resolution in ceramic sourcing than bedrock alone. By establishing a regional framework for Oaxaca Valley clays, the survey will support significant advances in our understanding of pottery production and exchange within the valley, and provide a more robust means for monitoring exchange between the valley and neighbouring regions.     

A HISTORIC NEIGHBOURHOOD AS ARTS SPACE: THE LITTLE INDIA EXPERIENCE

Many cities around the world are redeveloping their neighbourhoods as arts and cultural precincts. Urban industrial zones and lower‐income residential areas have taken on new life as arts neighbourhoods in a bid to attract high‐yield visitors, propel their creative industry and brand themselves as attractive to investors and residents. This article has two aims. Conceptually it explores the notion of arts urbanization – the creation of arts spaces in cities and the socio‐spatial dynamics which they embody. Empirically, the concept is tested using the case of Singapore's Arts Housing Scheme. Under this scheme, historic ethnic precincts take on new roles as arts and creative belts. While the scheme has yielded some success by way of fostering spaces of identity and inspiration for artists, it has also generated social concerns and spatial challenges. Singapore's Little India offers an empirical setting to explore this concept. The paper argues that geography matters to the arts and that arts‐led urbanization creates distinct spatial configurations in cities. For this reason, a greater understanding of and research into arts neighbourhoods and their socio‐spatial dynamics are essential if we are to aspire to sustainable and sensitive development of cities and their creative communities.     

THE GEOGRAPHICAL BASIS FOR DIFFERENTIATING THE SIZE OF FARMS

On the theory that optimization of farm size may enhance agricultural productivity, the author uses a game—theoretic model to find a solution for optimal farm size among the collective farms of Irkutsk Oblast. A game matrix, in which the players are the environment, using the strategies of a series of physical zones of agricultural production, and society, using the strategies of alternative farm sizes, yields a combination of farm sizes that would enhance total farm production in Irkutsk Oblast by 5 percent. The author notes that even greater improvements might be achieved in bringing types of farming more into line with physical and economic conditions of particular regions.     

历史古镇空间格局的解读与再生——以华阳古镇为例

历史古镇经过几千年物质和文化的积淀,形成独特的空间结构,但随着城市功能的注入却使古镇的肌理受到颠覆性的破坏,城镇经济发展与历史文化保护之间的矛盾越来越突出。以陕西省洋县华阳古镇为例,运用"空间结构理论"对其空间体系进行解读,从而提出空间格局再生的思路,这对于保护与弘扬优秀传统文化,促进历史古镇的繁荣发展具有重要的现实意义。     

COUNTRY HOUSE POEMS: THE POLITICS OF A GENRE

Abstract

The St. Louis Art Museum’s statue of Reclining Pan proved inspirational to many artists of the seventeenth century, none more so than Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione. The artist reproduced the statue in many of his works, making it a symbol of his invenzione. Previously, the few reproductions known of the statue have given the impression that Baroque audiences considered it antiquwct 2 e, and of less interest than other antiquities. This article corrects that assumption by examining Castiglione’s, as well as Peter Paul Rubens’, Joachim von Sandrart’s, Nicolas Poussin’s, and Salvator Rosa’s uses of the statue. The artists used the Pan as both figural exemplar and symbol for pastoral themes. These artistic responses are here set alongside new information concerning the Pan’s seventeenth-century provenance, display, and attribution to Bernini, to reveal the Reclining Pan as a primary catalyst for the period’s extensive Arcadian and bacchanalian imagery while simultaneously representing lessons of the classical style.