STABLE ECONOMIC AGGLOMERATION PATTERNS IN TWO DIMENSIONS: BEYOND THE SCOPE OF CENTRAL PLACE THEORY

This paper elucidates which agglomeration patterns exist in two‐dimensional economic space and how such patterns appear stably. Hexagonal lattices, that with and that without a boundary, are advanced, respectively, as practical and theoretical spatial platforms of economic activities. Agglomeration patterns on these lattices include hexagons in central place theory, but also encompass megalopolis and racetrack‐shaped decentralization. As the transport cost decreases, stable economic agglomeration undergoes the formation of the smallest hexagon and transition to patterns with larger market areas, often undergoing downtown decay but finally leading to a megalopolis. Formulas for break points are provided in an economic geography model.     

地方与认同:欧美人文地理学对地方的再认识

地方是现代人文地理学研究的重要视角之一。以人本主义地理学为代表,现代欧美人文地理学界对地方性意义以及地方在建构个人与社会的文化身份认同的作用进行了深入的探讨与研究。地方对于个人与社会来说,不啻是一个意义的中心,同时也是构建社会关系与权力关系的媒介。因此,地方意义在身份认同的建构过程中有着十分重要的作用。本文从地方-空间的关系、地方认同的多样性与动态性、地方认同与权力的关系以及全球化背景下的地方认同四个方面对欧美人文地理学关于地方与认同之间辩证关系的研究进行系统的述评。     

THE BIRTH PLACE OF KING GESAR

Where is the State of Ling, described as the home of Gesar in King Gesar, therenowned epic? Some say it covered Dengke, Dege and even the bulk of the Kamba area; others say it was in a Sichuan area drained by the Yellow River, comprising Norgyi, Hongyuan and Aba; yet others favor Qubu in Gansu Province, where people of the Tibetan ethnic group lived in a com-pact community. Some, however, say Gesar's hometown was in the Golog-Yushu area of Qinghai Province, while others insist the Sta…     

THE POSITIONAL PRINCIPLE AND THE PRESSURE OF PLACE

A theoretical geographer introduces the concepts of the positional principle, defined as the relationship between properties of objects and their position in space, and of the pressure of place, defined as the force that strives to shift objects to an optimal location. In response to the pressure, the object (which may be a living being, group of people, settlement or economic installation) is compelled to migrate or, if it remains in place, it either will have to modify its functions to adapt to the environment or will deteriorate. The positional principle is reflected in any patterns of territorial zoning.