Integrating the Internet into the Arabic Curriculum

The increasing scope of the Internet into all spheres of life has become an added burden for educators, requiring that they incorporate Internet use into the school curriculum. Exploiting the Internet to support the educational process presents an opportunity as well as a challenge. A plan to support the Arabic curriculum has been presented at the Al‐Bayan Bilingual School. Its potential success and adoption by other schools represents an opportunity for improving the educational process in Kuwait.     

Integrating Landsat and Land Systems for Cover Maps in Southern Inland Queensland

Digital analysis of Landsat data is applied to up-dating land cover maps for the Goondiwindi district of southern, inland Queensland. The imagery was paired with climax cover maps obtained from land systems reports with analysis conducted separately for each of three climax cover types (open forest, woodland and open woodland). Computer classification using this approach produced readily interpreted and reliable results. This work demonstrates that Landsat can be used in conjunction with existing, land systems derived maps to produce data that combine the advantages of two approaches to environmental survey, the former being based on current land cover/land use and the latter on the original environment and its land use potential.     

Stamped Signs on Manuscript Maps in the Renaissance

Abstract

The cordiform projection employed by Oronce Fine, Gerard Mercator and Abraham Ortelius may have had a hermetic meaning. The focus in this paper is on Ortelius, for recent studies have suggested connections between Ortelius, Christopher Plantin and a clandestine religious sect in Antwerp, called the Family of Love (Family of Charity), whose emblem was the heart, source of divine illumination and of Free Will. It is argued that Ortelius's contemporaries in the radical religious circles of northern Europe would have perceived the Theatrum orbis terrarum in such a light. As Guillaume Postel's evaluation of Ortelius's work demonstrates, the atlas was considered a talismanic book based on the power of the images.     

Geological Maps in National Atlases

The author reviews the group of geological maps in national atlases, comparing the form and content of geological-stratigraphic, tectonic, mineral-deposits, lithological-petrographic and Quaternary-deposits maps and making recommendations for greater uniformity of such maps in national atlases.     

Population Maps in National Atlases

The author finds that population maps in national atlases should, as a minimum, treat population from four aspects: population numbers and density, geography of settlements, social and economic characteristics, and ethnographic characteristics. He notes that published national atlases generally slight the social and economic aspects in favor of strictly demographic characteristics of population.     

Climate Maps in National Atlases

A complete climate section of a national atlas should contain maps, tables and graphs presenting data on climate-forming factors, the temperature regime, moisture supply, climatic regions and typical weather situations. Published national atlases are analyzed and recommendations for the treatment of climate are made. Particular importance is attached to the integrated presentation of several climatic elements on a single map. The value of climatic maps for various segments of the economy (agriculture, construction, transportation) is emphasized.     

Maps of Waters of the Land in National Atlases

In this article, which is part of a series on national atlases, the author makes recommendations for the selection of maps and map content to be incorporated into the atlas section devoted to the water resources of the land. She divides the maps into two major classes: maps of drainage patterns, and maps of the characteristics of stream regime.     

Complexity and Redundancy in Binary Maps

The complexity of binary maps that is provided by the areal arrangement of colors is considered, and measured using information theory. In addition, information theory provides other measures that have an interpretation in a map context. One of these, redundancy, is examined and found to bear a striking empirical relationship to a spatial autocorrelation statistic. It is argued that spatial autocorrelation is, conceptually as well as empirically, the two-dimensional equivalent of redundancy. It too measures the extent to which the occurrence of an event (color) in an areal unit constrains, or makes more probable, the occurrence of an event in a neighboring areal unit.     

Maps of Upper Air Currents Above the Earth

Maps have been compiled for the zonal and meridional components of the resultant velocities of upper air currents in January and July. The principal features of these maps are described and analyzed, and the winter and summer situations of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are compared.     

晚清西方人绘制近代北京城市地图概述

1860年后,西方列强外交人员得以进驻北京,西人绘制的北京城市地图数量日益增多,准确性逐步提高,地图种类和用途也被极大丰富。系统整理晚清时期西人绘制的北京城市地图史料,依照地图用处、出版方式将地图分为三种,再以文化交流史的视角和文学研究中文本分析的方法,看北京城图所体现出的晚清中外关系以及西方人塑造的北京城市形象。     

Integrating the Strands of Victorian Diversity

This roundtable article provides responses to the other contributions, emphasizing the need for connecting various research strands in Victorian Studies, and considering international aspects. The essay ends with a proposal to take inspiration from the method of microhistorical morphology, forcing the scholar to consider many different contexts.     

Integrating concepts in the teaching of geography in higher education

Abstract

To be coherent and effective, teaching programmes require broad integrating concepts. Such paradigms of modern geography as quantification, behaviouralism, Marxism, and systems theory are discussed as a guide to finding these concepts. Any frameworks that are adopted must recognise the dualism between methodological and theoretical concepts.     

Internationalising the University Curriculum

Many Western universities are responding to the demands of globalisation by attempting to internationalise their curricula—that is, to introduce an element of multiculturalism. This project derives its rationale from three assumptions: (1) the globalisation process is a viable agenda for a sustainable and just future for all people; (2) it is the responsibility of the university to respond faithfully to current demands of Western society—that is, in this case, to the demands of globalisation; and, (3) given the first two assumptions, internationalisation of the curriculum is a logical response. It is argued that the first two assumptions need to be explicitly recognised and then rigorously questioned. This must be done by academics themselves, and as a joint project with students in the classroom. This questioning amounts to challenging the foundational concepts of contemporary Western civilisation. New directions for the future may thus emerge from the classroom. The core concepts of other cultures may be seen as an asset in this process, giving an entirely new meaning to the term ‘internationalisation of the curriculum’.     

The Topographic and Soil Maps of the United States

A comparison of United States topographic maps with the actual terrain shows a disregard of geographical differences in the use of vegetation symbols, contour lines and population centers. This is attributed to the fact that topographic technicians lack a geographic background. The county soil surveys of the United States evoke a great deal of admiration and praise, but the lack of a uniform soil classification enabling the compilation of generalized soil maps is deplored.     

广东洪兵围攻广州军事舆图初考--英国国家档案馆所藏两广洪兵起事舆图考释之一

咸同年间的两广洪兵起事,是中国社会由古代向近代转型初期规模最大的会党起事.它历时十余年,泛滥两广,影响及于江西、湖南、贵州数省,对当时两广社会的各方面,乃至太平天国时期整个南中国的战局,都产生了深远影响.