《中国满族通论》出版

《中国满族通论》一书,2005年7日由辽宁民族出版社出版。张佳生主编。全书92万字,附图160幅,共分21章对满族的历史化以及各个方面进行了较为系统全面的论述。其内容分别为：1．满族的形成与发展;2．满族的语言字;3．满族的宗教信仰;4．满族的风俗习惯;5．满族的伦理道德;6．满族的军事;7．满族的政治;8．满族的经济生产;9．满族的科学技术;10．满族的学;11．满族的哲学思想;12．满族的教育;13．满族的体育;14．满族的艺术;15．满族的天历法;16．满族的建筑与名胜;17．满族的新闻出版;18．满族的医药卫生;19．满族的商业贸易;20．满族的交通与通讯;21．满族化与世界各国化的交流。     

满族舞蹈谭概

满族舞蹈谭概李德满族是个能歌善舞的民族。满族传统舞蹈丰富多采,有很高的艺术价值和审美价值,同时,具有独特的艺术风格和鲜明的民族特色。它形象地再现了满族的社会生活、生产劳动、风俗习惯。反映了满族人民的思想感情、民族心理、生活理想和审美追求。满族传统舞蹈...     

发展繁荣满族研究 打造辽宁民族文化品牌——纪念辽宁满族研究三十年

1982年至今,辽宁满族研究走过三十年历程,诞生了《满族研究》、《满族文学》杂志,还有《满族文化史》、《满族文学史》、《中国满族通论》等一大批研究专著,以及《满族社会历史调查报告》、《满族生态与民俗文化》、《清代内阁大库散轶档案选编》、《汉满大词典》、《满汉大词典》和《辽东满族民间故事》等一大批涉及研究报告、民俗学、档案整理、语言学类的优秀成果;专门的满族文化研究机构日渐增多,科研人才成长,使满族研究成为一门重要的专门学科。在辽宁满族研究三十周年之际,本文为之纪念。     

满族戏剧纵横谈

满族戏剧在清代得到了很大的发展,并且产生了自己的民间戏剧和作家戏剧。满族民间戏剧"朱春"在清代有一定的影响,曹寅、岳端、唐英、永恩、汪笑侬等满族戏剧家更是为满族戏剧的兴盛作出了自己的贡献。新中国成立以后,在内蒙古呼和浩特新城区诞生的"满族八角鼓戏"和吉林省扶余诞生的"满族新城戏",在一定程度上继承了清代满族戏剧的传统。     

心理学视野中的满族研究

满族心理学是满族研究一个必不可少的部分,目前在满族研究中对满族心理的研究还很少,文章强调了研究满族心理学的必要性并分析了满族心理学研究进展缓慢的原因,提出研究满族心理学应该遵循的原则,最后介绍厂研究满族心理学可以凭借的条件。     

满族穆昆在部落国家时代的演变

满族的穆昆组织一直是满族史和清前史研究中的重要研究对象,然而针对这种社会组织的社会学或民族学研究并不多见。本文的研究建立在前人对满族穆昆组织的考证的基础之上,主要对进入部落国家时代的明末女真人社会以及在此过程中正在形成的满族社会中的穆昆组织进行考察,认为满族的穆昆组织是满族社会最基本的社会组织之一和最典型的血缘组织,并试图分析满族血缘组织变化的轨迹和规律,由此阐释满族社会组织变迁和社会形态演变二者之间的关系。     

满族爱国主义精神研讨会暨第五届满族文化研究机构负责人联席会议综述

2015年1月4日,满族爱国主义精神研讨会暨第五届满族文化研究机构负责人联席会议在辽宁省沈阳市召开.会议由辽宁满族经济文化发展协会和辽宁省民族宗教问题研究中心共同举办,来自全国40多家满族联谊会和满族文化研究机构的负责人出席了此次会议.辽宁满族经济文化发展协会会长、辽宁省民族宗教问题研究中心主任何晓芳主持会议.     

资料的渊薮──为纪念《满族研究》创刊十周年而作

资料的渊薮──为纪念《满族研究》创刊十周年而作庄福林某种机缘使我进入满族民俗学的研究领域,从而参加到满学研究的队伍中来。而且为了宣传满族,宣传满族文化,我给历史系高年级学生开了选修课：满族民俗学。由于对满族民俗学的多年研究和精意讲课,使我的科研和教学...     

满族舞蹈民族特点之我见

满族舞蹈民族特点之我见李德满族是个能歌善舞的民族。满族传统舞蹈丰富多采,有很高的艺术价值和审美价值,同时,具有独特的艺术风格和鲜明的民族特色。它形象地再现了满族的社会生活、生产劳动、风俗习惯。反映了满族人民的思想感情、民族心理、生活理想和审美追求。一...     

满族老姓汉化的历史嬗变--以满族八大姓为例

满族[1]的姓氏在历朝的都有所不同,这主要是受其自身社会发展、民族融合和音译不同等多因素影响造成的。自清代起,满族又逐步使用汉姓。满族八大姓恰恰代表了满族姓氏的演变过程。至辛亥革命后,满族老姓逐步汉化。满族老姓汉化既有规律可循,又有多种变化,作为满族姓氏研究的一个方面,它不仅具有学术研究价值,又颇具现实意义。     

台湾当局对奄美群岛移交的因应

奄美群岛是琉球群岛的一部分。1951年9月8日,《旧金山和约》签署,美国获得琉球群岛等岛屿的行政管辖权。为了扶植日本,对抗苏联,美国拟将奄美群岛的行政管辖权移交日本。台湾当局认为,包括奄美群岛在内的琉球群岛的主权属于琉球人民,不属于日本。台湾当局与美国政府展开沟通,指出美国此举将挑战《开罗宣言》《波茨坦宣言》,公开支持琉球人民追求自治。台湾一些民众向美国国会中的参议员打电报,劝告美国勿将奄美群岛交给日本管辖。1953年12月24日,美日两国在东京签署了关于奄美群岛的协定,根据《旧金山和约》第三条,美国将奄美群岛的行政管辖权移交日本。同时,美国政府发表声明,将继续管辖冲绳群岛、先岛群岛等岛屿。     

大型平原土体遗址主要地质病害及其保护治水工程技术研究

大量现场地质调查结果表明:大型平原土体遗址原地原样保护的主要环境地质病害是地下水形成的渗水对遗址及其文物造成的腐蚀和破坏,因而治水工程是这类遗址保护中最主要的岩土工程。结合该类遗址原地原样保护原则要求:①遗址围岩和文物的含水率要低于40%;②遗址区地下水位要长期保持在遗址底板高程减去土层毛细水上升的水平面上;③为遗址长期保护服务的地质工程要能长期保持稳定正常运行;④地质工程要与文物景观相容。提出了治水工程的基本技术思路;①查明遗址区水文、工程地质条件;②建立遗址区水文地质模型;③遗址区工程地质、环境地质问题评价;④遗址区治水工程方案论证;⑤工程优化设计;⑥工程施工。其中,治水工作的关键是查明遗址区水文地质条件和地下水渗流场的变化规律,而地下水数值模拟技术能够模拟计算地下水随时间的动态变化。本工作以抗州萧山独木舟遗址为例,分析了该遗址区的水文地质条件,采用地下水数值模拟技术模拟计算遗址区原始地下水位分布;根据遗址区工程地质条件和原始地下水位模拟结果,提出了暗沟疏干排水方案,并模拟预测疏干排水工程实施后地下水位随时间变化规律,模拟结果合理,能够用于指导治水工程设计施工。     

Vasilikos Valley Project: Fourth Preliminary Report, 1979–1980

Abstract

During the fourth season of the Vasilikos Valley Project in the Larnaca District of southern Cyprus, excavations were continued at the Aceramic and Ceramic Neolithic site of Kalavasos-Tenta. Excavation on the west side of the top of the site revealed more of the plan of the earliest curvilinear building that underlies the stone complex. Elsewhere on the top of the site, further mud-brick and stone structures were uncovered, and a unique wall painting was found on the central pier of one building. Excavations in the Lower South Slope area confirmed the existence of a deep ditch outside the outer settlement wall. Five Aceramic phase burials were excavated in different parts of the site. Investigation of the Ceramic phase deposits on the eastern flanks of the site revealed a series of pits, but no standing architectural remains.

Excavations at the Chalcolithic site of Kalavasos-Ayious on the east side of the valley were also continued. A series of pits of widely varying size was brought to light in several different areas of the site. The largest pits contained numerous artifacts, sometimes in situ on distinct surfaces. At the north end of the site three pits were found connected by subterranean tunnels.

Rescue excavations, lasting from July 1979 through February 1980. were also undertaken at the Late Bronze Age site of A. Dhimitrios, a short distance to the south of Tenta. An extensive architectural complex of finely built stone structures was uncovered within the line of the new Nicosia-Limassol highway. The quality of the building, and the clear degree of planning that underlies the whole architectural layout, betoken a site of considerable importance. The architectural levels on the site may be dated to a late phase of Late Cypriote II, but one of the tombs also contains material of Late Cypriote I or early Late Cypriote II date.

A systematic field survey of the southern half of the Vasilikos valley, employing a regularly spaced series of transects, revealed a number of additional sites of varying type and period. A chronological outline of prehistoric Cyprus is provided in Table 1. Specialist reports on geographical, fluvial geomorphological, faunal, and conservation studies are also included.

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant no. BNS77–07685 A02.     

柯林武德史学理论的阶段性、连续性与体系性

柯林武德被誉为20世纪最有影响力的历史哲学家之一,国内外现有研究主要集中于其史学理论观点的阐释上,忽略了对其思想发展历程的分析。就理论倾向来说,柯林武德经历了由实在论者向唯心主义者的逐渐转化,他的思想发展也由此划分为三个阶段。在这三个阶段之外,历史过程思想作为其史学理论的基本前提之一,体现着他思想发展的连续性。问答逻辑则展现了柯林武德考古学、历史学和哲学三项学术研究之间的和谐关系及其史学理论的体系性。     

Determination of Shear Strength of Masonry Panels Through Different Tests

This study addresses the problem of evaluation of strength of masonry walls. In-plane behavior of masonry panels has been studied under monotonic diagonal-compression and shear-compression loading in quasi-static test facility. The results of 35 laboratory and in situ tests are analyzed to show that in the case of the diagonal compression test results are lower than the strength of masonry walls evaluated trough the shear-compression test, highlighting the problem of choosing the test which best simulates to the real behavior of the masonry when stressed by lateral loads. A presentation is also given of the results of a F.E. investigation for shear strength evaluation of masonry walls. F.E. modeling non-linear procedure was used for the representation of masonry panels. The numerical simulations are compared with experimental results and the reliability of the different finite element models is discussed, thus confirming the different shear strength values measured in the experimental campaign.     

Ceramic production in ancient Nasca: provenance analysis of pottery from the Early Nasca and Tiza cultures through INAA

We report the results of an instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) undertaken on a regional sample of pottery from the Southern Nasca Region. The samples included specimens primarily from the Early Nasca (ca. A.D. 1–450) and Tiza (ca. A.D. 1000–1476) cultures from a total of 16 different prehispanic sites. The results of the analysis demonstrate centralized production of Early Nasca polychromes and decentralized production of pottery from the Tiza culture. The results of this analysis confirm previous conclusions about the organization of these two indigenous cultures of the south coast of Peru and support the hypothesis of an excess production of polychromes at the ceremonial center Cahuachi for Early Nasca, and multiple centers of production for the Tiza culture.     

The Logic of Action: Indeterminacy, Emotion, and Historical Narrative

Modern social theory, by and large, has aimed at reducing the complexity of action situations to a set of manageable abstractions. But these abstractions, whether functionalist or linguistic, fail to grasp the indeterminacy of action situations. Action proceeds by discovery and combination. The logic of action is serendipitous and combinative. From these characteristics, a number of consequences flow: The whole field of our intentions is engaged in each action situation, and cannot really be understood apart from the situation itself. In action situations we remain aware of the problems of categorization, including the dangers of infinite regress and the difficulties of specifying borders and ranges of categories. In action situations, attention is in permanent danger of being overwhelmed. We must deal with many features of action situations outside of attention; in doing so, we must entertain simultaneously numerous possibilities of action. Emotional expression is a way of talking about the kinds of possibilities we entertain. Expression and action have a rebound effect on attention. “Effort” is required to find appropriate expressions and actions, and rebound effects play a role in such effort, making it either easier or more difficult. Recent theoretical trends have failed to capture these irreducible characteristics of action situations, and have slipped into a number of errors. Language is not rich in meanings or multivocal, except as put to use in action situations. The role of “convention” in action situations is problematic, and therefore one ought not to talk of “culture.” Contrary to the assertions of certain theorists, actors do not follow strategies, except when they decide to do so. Actors do not “communicate,” in the sense of exchanging information, except in specially arranged situations. More frequently, they intervene in the effortful management of attention of their interlocutors. Dialogue, that is, very commonly becomes a form of cooperative emotional effort. From these considerations, it follows that the proper method for gaining social knowledge is to examine the history of action and of emotional effort, and to report findings in the form of narrative.     

犯罪地理学的理论研究

目前,国内外学术界还没有建立起真正意义上的犯罪地理学,因此,犯罪地理学的理论研究就显得特别重要。为此,本文系统地探讨了犯罪地理学的理论体系,认为犯罪地理学的理论体系含有:①地理环境决定论;②环境论(月相说、星相说、地域说、犯罪地形说、折衷主义学派环境论);③犯罪时日论;④芝加哥学派的犯罪同心圆论;⑤犯罪区位论。通过犯罪地理学理论体系的研究,希望有益于犯罪地理学的创建和发展。