DAMMING JAMES BAY: II. IMPACTS ON COASTAL MARSHES

The damming of James Bay as proposed by the grand Canal Scheme will influence the hydrology of the coastal marshes. The salinity regime of two James Bay marshes were compared to understand the processes that govern salinity in the zone near mean high water (mhw) and to predict changes that may result from this proposed impoundment. Data suggest that sites along southern James Bay would be minimally affected because of the current low level of salinity. The northern marshes would, however, experience significant changes, as their primary source of salt is from saline tidewater. A simulation of the vertical salt and water fluxes at a northern location predicts a rapid reduction in the chloride concentration at mhw, which should approach the present values for southern James Bay in about 10 years. Above mhw, the salt will be leached quickly, so that within four years the surface chloride concentration will be reduced to the level currently found in southern James Bay.     

海岸带可持续发展与综合管理研究

海岸带因其位于海陆交接地带而具有特殊的生态系统,随着世界各国工业化和城市化进程的加剧,海岸带生境系统受到严重损害;这一状况已日益为沿海国家所重视,以经济与环境协调发展为核心的可持续发展理论成为海岸带综合管理的基础;同时,海岸带综合管理也是促进沿海国家持续发展的有利手段。本文从阐述海岸带可持续发展的内涵出发,分析了海岸带综合管理的发展和结构;最后,对我国海岸带综合管理提出几点建议。     

中国的海疆与我国海洋地缘政治战略

根据中国领海与毗连区制度以及联合国海洋法公约,我国的领海及海洋国土的面积为300万km²。鸦片战争历史上不平等条约的签订,我国海疆与海权的丧失。文中还提出了90年代及21世纪我国海洋地缘政治战略。     

济南地区水文环境的演化及其规律研究

济南地表水文环境经历了唐、宋时期大明湖的形成与历水的淤失,金、元时期小清河的开凿与鹊山湖水势的消退,明、清时期护城河体系形成、黄河改道袭夺济水故道以及近、现代城市发展与地表水体的污染等主要阶段。济南地下水文状况在历史时期基本处于稳定状态,近、现代由于遭受各种人文因素的破坏而逐渐恶化,其中南部山区河川径流的破坏导致济南地下水补给量减少,以抽取地下水为主要方式的现代城市供水又导致地下水位下降和泉水的枯竭。济南水文环境的变迁是自然因素和人文因素、区域内部因素和区域外部因等综合作用的结果,具有被动性和不可逆性。     

我国北方沿海地区和京、津两市的发展

环渤海省、市规划区是京、津两市发展的主要区域经济基地。本文在分析该区资源、经济和区位的基础上论证了两市在我国的重要职能、发展基础和条件,以及彼此的比较优、劣势。
环渤海地区资源丰富,重工业基础好,交通运输地位重要,土地和劳动力价格便宜,投资环境改善,在下世纪初将可成为我国开放发展的重要地区。
京、津两市相距很近,可以发展成为集合城市。其经济和人口规模将超过我国最大城市上海。为此,两市应协调发展,合作建设,共同形成我国北方的国际经济活动中心城市。当前的主要发展途径是调整产业结构,发展高新技术产业和第三产业;发展节水型产业,建设节水型城市;合作建设京津高速公路沿线高新技术产业带;共同开发塘沽滨海区。     

DAMMING JAMES BAY: I. POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON COASTAL CLIMATE AND THE WATER BALANCE

The proposed grand Canal project calls for the damming of James Bay and the diversion of its water southward. This first part of a two-part study models some potential impacts on the climate, water balance, and growth patterns in the James Bay coastal zone. Use is made of a linear relationship of Bowen ratio and temperature, developed from studies of coastal wetlands in southern and northwestern James Bay and central Hudson Bay. It is hypothesized that changing James Bay into a fresh-water lake and disrupting its coastal currents would result in a delayed Bay ice melt of unknown length in the spring. Allowing a delay to vary between 0 and 30 days results in the prediction of lesser evaporation and greater water surplus. These differences in magnitude increase with the length of delayed melt, but in all cases are most strongly evident during the peak of the growing season. Colder and wetter conditions would have a strong ecological impact on all coastal areas of western and southern James Bay. In the northwest this could change the species composition of coastal flora, cause forests to retreat from the coast, and result in the growth of permafrost there.     

THE TIMING AND DISTRIBUTION OF CADDO SALT PRODUCTION IN NORTHWESTERN LOUISIANA

In the fall of 2012, the Alabama Museum of Natural History’s Gulf Coast Survey conducted an archaeological survey of four major salt domes in northwestern Louisiana. In total, 13 discrete “salt licks” were visited at these salt domes. The results of this survey indicate that along with Potter’s Pond, the Drake’s Salt Works Site Complex was one of northwestern Louisiana’s most intensively utilized salines during the protohistoric and early historic periods. It is argued here that salt production in this area developed largely in response to an increased demand for salt and salttreated commodities following European contact. Although numerous salt licks would have been known to the Caddo, only a fraction of these licks were involved in salt making. While there were likely many factors involved in determining which licks were favored over others, the availability and strength of liquid brine, resistance to flooding, fuel availability, and proximity to European traders would have been several important considerations.     

SHEEPSHEAD COUNTRY: COASTAL WOODLAND SUBSISTENCE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MACK BAYOU AND OTHER NORTHWEST FLORIDA SITES

Abstract

Zooarchaeological analysis of faunal remains from the Mack Bayou site produced new data related to coastal Woodland subsistence on the northern Gulf Coast of Florida. When the Mack Bayou data are compared with data from other Woodland sites on the northern Gulf Coast, a strong pattern of estuarine and shallow coastal waters utilization is evident, with notable but fairly minor site by site variation. It is also evident from these data that sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus) are a consistently important dietary component across the northern Gulf Coast, particularly on coastal sites in the Panhandle region of northwestern Florida.     

我国沿海岛屿旅游发展与安全管理

本文分析了我国沿海岛屿旅游的类型与特点,总结了我国沿海岛屿旅游发展的三个阶段和旅游发展的三种模式;分析了岛屿旅游安全的特征、岛屿旅游安全表现形态和岛屿旅游存在的安全问题,提出了沿海岛屿旅游安全管理措施。     

大连市发展滨海休闲渔业的资源分析和对策

休闲渔业作为旅游业与渔业的交叉产业,90年代初在西方国家迅速兴起。大连是全国著名的海滨旅游城市,休闲渔业的发展必须定位于"海"。本文在解析休闲渔业特点的基础上,指出大连市发展滨海休闲渔业利于调整渔业结构,拓宽城市旅游新领域,改善城市环境质量等。同时从休闲渔业资源、客源市场等方面分析了发展滨海休闲渔业的优势,透析了目前存在的"弱视"、"短视"、"缺位"问题,并提出营造宣传氛围、加强渔业与旅游业的联系等5项因应对策。     

江苏盐城海滨湿地社区参与生态旅游开发模式研究

社区参与是生态旅游的本质需求,社区参与生态旅游开发对实现盐城海滨湿地生态旅游可持续发展具有重要意义。本文分析了盐城海滨湿地生态旅游开发和社区参与的现状,对湿地社区居民参与旅游开发的态度和行为进行了调查,在此基础上提出了社区居民参与生态旅游的决策规划模式、经营管理模式、产品开发模式以及利益分配模式,并提出了居民参与旅游开发的保障机制。     

环渤海沿海地市低碳转型绩效评价与影响因素分析

基于低碳转型的内涵,本文以环渤海17个沿海地市2005-2012 年的面板数据为基础,构建环渤海沿海地市低碳转型的评价指标体系,运用集对分析法对其进行评价研究,并采用核密度估计模型及GIS 空间分析技术对其结果进行时空差异分析,揭示其内在变化规律。研究结果表明：①自2005 年到2012年,环渤海沿海地市低碳发展颓势明显,各地市低碳转型没有取得明显进展,各地市之间转型绩效的整体差距较大。②环渤海沿海地市经济增长在空间格局中并没有显著的变化,而在产业结构、能源利用、生态环境、发展支撑方面均呈现出反向变化的态势,说明低碳转型成效并不显著,仍然保持传统的发展态势。③环渤海沿海地市低碳转型绩效的时空差异是多种因素综合作用的结果,包括资金、人力与基础设施等经济社会支撑因素,国家政策、科学技术、低碳意识及企业家素质等新型推动因素,资源（能源）禀赋、区位条件等自然基础因素。     

东部沿海地区农业结构变动特征及区域差异分析

2005年东部沿海地区农、林、牧、渔产值比重是49.5:3.2:29.7:17.6,农业结构逐步得到优化。本文分析了农业结构系数与农民人均纯收入、人均GDP的关系,揭示了经济发达地区农业结构变动特征及其地域差异性,发现差异性主要表现在农业部门的变动趋势和农业结构的变化率;并根据比较优势理论,分析了地区间农业部门的比较优势,这也是未来区域农业结构优化布局的主要依据。     

沿海铁路建设与苏北鲁南地区的发展

交通条件的改善对支撑区域经济发展和构建最优的空间结构起着重要的作用,其中各种交通方式的优化组合和区域发展主轴线的构建对驱动区域经济的快速发展更有着决定性的意义。本文以苏北和鲁南地区为例,借沿海铁路建设带来的发展契机,通过对该地区交通网络演变规律和发展现状的分析,探讨了当前制约该地区发展的关键因素,并结合空间结构理论,给出了促进该地区经济发展的具体思路。     

我国沿海港口港城关系协同发展与驱动机制研究

近年来,随着我国港口资源整合、港区功能调整和港口城市的转型升级,沿海港口与所在城市的关系发展面临新的变化和挑战。本文以我国沿海港口为例,结合定量分析与定性讨论,聚焦我国沿海港口港城关系问题,剖析港城关系的演变及驱动机制。研究发现：我国大部分沿海港口已进入极度协调发展阶段,但发展趋势逐渐放缓,区域分化特征显著,港城协同度差距呈现再扩大的发展趋势。在研究期间,我国城市驱动型港口城市数量显著增加,港口驱动型和港城互驱型港口城市数量减少。建议通过政府政策引导、港产城融合发展和港口转型升级等方式,不断提升我国沿海地区港城关系整体协调发展水平,为新时期我国沿海港口与所在城市的高质量发展提供重要支撑。     

OYSTER DEMOGRAPHICS AND THE CREATION OF COASTAL MONUMENTS AT ROBERTS ISLAND MOUND COMPLEX,FLORIDA

Abstract

Anthropogenic coastal landscapes often incorporate shell, a durable remnant of subsistence activity. Collection, consumption, and even feasting can thus contribute to histories of site formation and mound construction. This research assesses how oyster consumption related to the creation of Mound A, a shell mound at the Roberts Island Shell Mound Complex in Citrus County, Florida, is differentiated from the instances of oyster consumption that resulted in the midden constituting the rest of the island. I compare the size of shell remains from mound and off-mound midden contexts to assess variation in the sizes represented across the samples, stratigraphic variation within each context, and evidence for directional change indicative of over-exploitation. I identify a relationship of dependence between shell size and stratigraphic depth in off-mound samples that does not appear in mound samples, suggesting a relatively short period of time for the accumulation of mound deposit oyster shells. The findings of this study point to mound construction at Roberts Island Shell Mound Complex as a distinct and deliberate activity, with the construction event likely sharing importance with the community aggregation and consumption that facilitated it.     

重点开发区域工业空间格局、集疏差异及影响机制——以福建沿海地区为例

以福建沿海地区为例,利用微观工业企业数据库,探究了重点开发区域工业空间演化、产业集疏差异及其形成机制。研究表明:福建沿海地区工业发展水平大幅提升且空间差距逐渐缩小,空间形态向成熟的产业带演进,产业空间分工表现出同质化特征;不同类型行业的空间集疏过程呈现出显著差异,其中资本密集型产业表现为持续扩散趋势;地形和生态可占性、资源环境承载力对产业空间形态具有基础性作用,地区经济技术是产业空间格局演化的重要驱动力,临港区位和交通条件改善不断促进产业发生空间集聚与扩散,区域发展战略以及产业政策为工业空间调整提供了具体方向。研究结论可为重点开发区域工业空间布局优化提供一定的借鉴。