STRONG GROUND MOTIONS AND DAMAGE PATTERNS FROM THE 1999 DUZCE EARTHQUAKE IN TURKEY

The M _w , 7.1 Duzce earthquake occurred on 12 November 1999 along the North Anatolian Fault in northwestern Turkey. This paper documents observations from a field reconnaissance team, addressing two principal aspects of this significant earthquake: the recorded ground motions and the distribution and severity of the earthquake effects on the built environment. In general, the recorded ground motions from this earthquake were smaller than predicted by ground motion predictive equations available at the time of the event. One anomalous recording is presented and potential causes for this irregular motion based on observations from field reconnaissance are discussed. The effects of rupture directivity on the near-fault recordings are assessed and the effects of soil conditions on the recorded ground motions are examined. The patterns of building damage based on post-earthquake reconnaissance are presented for the most strongly shaken cities in the near-fault region: Duzce, Kaynasli, and Bolu. Damage in Duzce was concentrated in the southern part of the city, which is underlain by softer sediments. Damage in Bolu was distributed evenly throughout the city; whereas damage was concentrated on more recent alluvial sediments in Kaynasli. No evidence of liquefaction or ground failure was observed in the populated areas surveyed after the earthquake.     

AN EVALUATION OF ANALYTICAL AND INTERPRETATIVE METHODOLOGIES FOR THE EXTRACTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF LIPIDS ASSOCIATED WITH POTTERY SHERDS FROM THE SITE OF SAGALASSOS,TURKEY*

Three lipid analysis methods were applied to extracts of archaeological potsherds from the ancient city of Sagalassos, south‐west Turkey. In the fatty acid methyl ester fraction, obtained by selective transesterification of acylglycerols, the ratio of methyl palmitate to methyl stearate was determined. Secondly, by means of gas chromatography– combustion–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC–C–IRMS), stable carbon isotope ratios were measured for the same methyl esters. Finally, triglyceride composition was determined via high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS). All three methods can be used to trace the origin of animal fat. Agreement between them is reasonable, especially in recognizing ruminant adipose fat. One sample was found to be of dairy origin using both GC–C–IRMS and HPLC–MS. The advantages of the various methods are discussed. Variations in lipid composition were observed between samples from different periods and excavated in diverse areas within the city of Sagalassos.     

ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL POWDERS FROM GÖLTEPE (TURKEY)*

Nine powder samples originating from the archaeometallurgical she in Göltepe, southern central Turkey, have been analysed. Bulk analyses, using X-ray fluorescence and X-ruy photoelectron spectroscopy, and single particle analyses, using electron probe X-ray microanalysis, were carried out. The analyses were focused on determining the inorganic elemental composition of the samples and the distribution of particle types in the nine powder samples. In addition, the powder samples were classified on the basis of their elemental composition using multivariate techniques. The objective of this study was to characterize the powder samples and to establish an association with archaeological data from the site     

THERMOLUMINESCENCE DATING OF A CRUCIBLE FRAGMENT FROM AN EARLY TIN PROCESSING SITE IN TURKEY

Archaeological exploration in the Taurus mountains at Göltepe in south-central Turkey has uncovered a site indicating the presence of extensive tin ore mining and smelling operations The most recent find of smelting crucible fragments allowed for a thermoluminescence-hased age determination spanning a late fifth to early third millennium BC date. This result is consistent with a number of radiocarbon dates derived for charcoal also found at the site. The importance of this site relates to the possible tin production and subsequent trade with southwestern Asia which would have provided this otherwise scarce ingredient to bronze technology in that area. This date is directly for crucible material and thus confirms the antiquity of tin smelting at Göltepe.     

近年境外流入的贵霜铜币

2000年初,欧美等国的国际钱币市场出现了大批贵霜时期铸行的钱币,不久我国新疆南部喀什地区钱币市场也相继出现了一批数量不小的贵霜王朝钱币,随即流向乌鲁木齐以及国内各地。这批贵霜钱币是由巴基斯坦国钱商携来我国南疆出售的,据钱商称钱币近期在阿富汗北部地区出土,他带入的     

MAP OF THE TIBET AUTONOMOUS REGION

Examining the Map of the TibetAutonomous Region, I havegained the following impressions:LANO OF WATER. In the TibetAutonomous Region, there are some 500lakes, including the Mapam Yumco,Yumzhog Yumco, Nam Co, Lhamo Lhacoand some other holy lakes worshipped byTibetan Buddhists.Tibet is the source of many famousrivers in Asia, including the YarlungZangbo River, which is actually the upperreaches of the Brahmaputra River and theXianquanhe River, the upper reaches ofthe Indus RiverT…     

旅游景区的旅游活动"导引"设计探讨--以都江堰为例

本提出了景区旅游活动“导引”概念,并对旅游活动“导引”特征、设计要素进行了分析,认为景区旅游活动“导引”应该包括解说系统、路径系统、标识系统和服务系统。章最后对都江堰的景区特征和资源特征进行了分析,根据都江堰水利工程的工作原理提出了都江堰旅游景区旅游“导引”设计方案。     

人力资源是西部大开发的起点--关于区域发展差距的另一种解释

本文对区域发展差距的传统理论进行了回顾,并通过对内生性增长理论的介绍和相关统计资料的分析,提出在实施西部大开发战略中应充分重视对人力资源的开发。     

PRESERVING THE HERITAGE OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE SOUTHWEST REGION OF CHINA

<正>Professor Zhang Jianshi,male,Chinese,was born in Sep.1953.Now,he is the president of the Expo Center for Ethnic Minorities of the Southwest University for Na...