Science and Technology for Tommorrow's World Health

Abstract

This essay reviews an exhibition in the National Technical Museum, Prague, from 30 September to 23 October 1994 to mark the visit of Queen Margarethe II of Denmark to the Czech Republic on 11–13 October 1994     

The royal Scottish geographical society 1884–1959: Early days of the society

The Royal Scottish Geographical Society was formed at a public meeting in Edinburgh in October, 1884, and in October, 1959 completed seventy‐five years activity. To mark the occasion a Reception was held in the Music Hall, George Street, Edinburgh, on October 22nd, with H.R.H. Prince Peter of Greece and Denmark as the principal guest. The Council invited the Honorary Secretary, Mr Donald G. Moir, F.R.S.G.S. to recall the events which led to the founding of the Society, and its early activities ; it was also resolved to publish with this article a list of the Society's Office Bearers since 1884.     

五四运动与马克思主义在中国的传播

马克思主义于19世纪末20世纪初被介绍到中国,1917年俄国十月革命对马克思主义在中国的传播具有重要意义,但并没有立即使马克思主义在中国广泛传播。五四运动开启了马克思主义传播的新局面,五四运动后,马克思主义传入中国的途径由一条变为多条,全国各地出版的大量刊物都介绍马克思主义,所宣传的马克思主义的内容也更加丰富。五四运动后马克思主义之所以得到广泛传播,与五四运动本身有重要关系。作为五四运动导火线的巴黎和会进一步暴露帝国主义侵略殖民地半殖民地的本性,五四运动期间苏俄发表的对华宣言受到中国人民的欢迎,五四运动引起共产国际的关注,中国工人阶级在五四运动中登上历史舞台,使一些知识分子坚定了社会主义才能救中国的信念,五四运动也促进了马克思主义者群体的形成。     

THE COLFIORITO EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE OF SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 1997: SURFACE BREAKS AND SEISMOTECTONIC IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CENTRAL APENNINES (ITALY)

Between September–October 1997, a seismic sequence with three main shocks (Mw=5.6, 5.9, on September 26, and Ms=5.5 on October 14) struck the Umbria-Marche region in central Italy between the villages of Nocera-Umbra and Sellano. Although earthquake-induced landslides were observed and mapped in the epicentral area along the main active normal faults, no surface faulting was associated with the two first shocks of September 26. In contrast, the third shock of October 14 produced discontinuous coseismic tectonic ruptures (60 m–500 m long) along a total length of 5 km. Surface ruptures strike in the NNW-SSE direction, dip to the SW and show locally en-echelon geometry (either right-or left-stepping). Coseismic ruptures and active faults are in good agreement with CMT focal-mechanism solutions that indicate normal faulting for the three main shocks. These results provide additional information on surface tectonic ruptures caused by moderate-sized earthquakes, yielding some constraints on seismotectonic processes.     

Antiracist memories: The case of 17 October 1961 in historical perspective

This article examines the causes and subsequent cover-up of the massacre of Algerians by French security forces on 17 October 1961, and assesses the place and symbolic importance the memory of this massacre has come to occupy within Algerian immigrant communities and antiracist groups since the 1970s. These groups have actively campaigned for official recognition of the extent of and responsibility for the massacre. Finally, the article reflects on the way in which the 17 October massacre is often discussed in relation to Vichy, and the ambivalent conclusions which can be drawn from this in relation to France's coming-to-terms with its colonial past.     

Memory,Trauma, and the French-Algerian War: Michael Haneke's Caché (2005)

This article examines Michael Haneke's 2005 film Caché and its treatment of the October 1961 massacre in light of recent scholarship about memory and trauma. It argues that the film demands of its viewers a complex, critical position, requiring us not merely to passively re-witness the traumatising events of 17 October, but to take on as spectators a more active role in the work of remembering. The article examines narrative and visual elements in the film in order to demonstrate how Caché illustrates and questions how film and other media forms contribute to the working through of collective trauma and, in so doing, function as potential ‘sites of memory’.     

英国皇家地理学会所藏上海开埠早期英租界地图考释

英国皇家地理学会收藏的一张开埠早期上海英租界的地图没有标注绘制时间。一种观点认为,该地图绘制于1846—1847年,另一种认为绘制于1844—1847年。两种观点均属推测。根据地图上的信息,结合当时英租界的测绘情况,可以推出该地图大致绘制于1846年10月1—19日。该地图为目前所见近代上海英租界最早的一幅城市地图,为早期上海英租界城市发展史提供了有力证据,并弥补了《上海道契》记载的不足,具有十分重要的史料价值。     

First summer results on winds in the upper mesosphere derived from the 843 nm hydroxyl emissions measured from the Bear Lake Observatory,Utah

The Imaging Fabry-Perot Interferometer (IFPI) at the Bear Lake Observatory (BLO), Utah (41.9°N, 111.4°W) is used for studies of the aeronomy of the middle and upper atmosphere. Wind and temperature structure can be determined from observations of the Doppler shift and Doppler broadening of the airglow and auroral emissions from the mesosphere and thermosphere. The mesospheric winds recorded at the end of August, September and early October 1992 are consistent with a semi-diurnal tidal variation. The amplitude of this variation is approximately 30 ms⁻¹ at the end of August and early September and approximately 20 ms⁻¹ at the end of September and early October. However, during June and July, the semi-diurnal tidal variation, if present, is weak, with amplitude < 5 ms⁻¹. No consistent semi-diurnal tidal variation is observed during late October 1992. During the solstice period, antisymmetric tidal components may be preferentially generated in such a way that they can result in destructive interference with the normally dominant symmetric modes, resulting in a decrease of tidal variation. This is consistent with the observed decrease in tides during the June, July and late October periods. Near the equinoxes, however, the excitation of these antisymmetric modes is expected to be weaker, possibly explaining why a pronounced and consistent semi-diurnal tidal variation has been observed during the August, September and early October periods. In contrast, the mesospheric winds derived from the Sheffield Meteor Wind Radar (53.4°N, 1.5°W) reveal a clear semi-diurnal tidal variation throughout the year, with an amplitude that may vary between 15 ms⁻¹ and 50 ms⁻¹, being about 25 ms⁻¹ on average. The IFPI records winds from a region of the atmosphere centred at 87 km, whereas the Sheffield Meteor Wind Radar measures winds centred at 95 km. Therefore, the two regions may experience different tidal modes due to the different latitude, longitude and altitude of the observed regions and/or the different topography of the observing sites. Some proposed reasons for these differences are presented.     

Middle atmosphere electrical structure during MAC/EPSILON

Extensive use of rocket-launched probes during the MAC/EPSILON campaign at the Andøya Rocket Range, Norway, has enabled the characterization of the region's electrical environment for all four flight series. The first rocket salvo was conducted during daylight (15 October 1987) and the subsequent three occurred at night (21 and 28 October and 12 November 1987), all of them during geomagnetically disturbed conditions. Measurements of polar electrical conductivity, ion mobility and number density are presented, and their associated structure is investigated for local auroral ionization effects. This is believed to be the first time that Gerdien condenser mobility measurements have indicated a heavy-ion presence (positively charged aerosols) in the auroral mesopause region.     

Briefly remembering Rosario Villari (1925–2017)

Umberto Gentiloni Silveri reflects briefly on the life and career of the Italian historian Rosario Villari who died in October 2017.     

Seasonal exploitation of seabirds by late holocene coastal foragers: Analysis of modern and archaeological data from the Western Cape,South Africa

A new method for deriving information on seasonal exploitation of seabirds is presented and tested. Monthly surveys of beached seabirds conducted over 6 years are used to provide a database for comparison with Late Holocene open shell midden samples from the western Cape, South Africa. Correspondence analyses of the monthly occurrence of seabird species and age classes which could be recognized osteologically revealed a strong seasonality, splitting the year into three periods: February–April, June–August and October–December, with January, May and September as intermediates. Both conventional and correspondence analyses indicate that the archaeological samples are compatible with an October–January period of seabird exploitation.     

Preliminary Examination of Archaeological Remains from Fort Johnson and Cantonment Davis

Abstract

In September 1814, Brevet Major Zachary Taylor established Fort Johnson on the eastern bluffs of the Mississippi to assert American control over the mouth of the Des Moines River and points northward. Completed in a matter of weeks, the fort and its works were razed in late October of the same year when the troops ran out of provisions and retreated downriver to the St. Louis area. The following October, a temporary winter camp called Cantonment Davis was established near the fort ruins as a staging ground for building Fort Edwards, a subsequent military trading post. This article presents highlights from the archaeological search for the fort/cantonment location and recent excavations undertaken at the site, with a special focus on the armaments-related assemblage.     

Vichy's Mass Firing of Women Teachers of Colour in the French Caribbean and its Consequences1

This article examines the application to Martinique and Guadeloupe of Vichy's sexist law of 11 October 1940, relating to the employment of women and its impact on female teachers. We argue that Vichy showed greater zeal in applying the new regime's patriarchal law on women's work in the Caribbean than in mainland France. We examine in detail the 11 October 1940 law and the modalities of its application in the metropole and in the Caribbean, its manipulation by various actors and the arguments mobilized over the course of its promulgation in a West Indian context. Next, we consider to what degree female Caribbean teachers were impacted by these measures and analyse some of the underlying causes for their dismissal. We highlight the broader social and administrative transformations into which this particular purge fitted. Finally, we underscore the agency of fired schoolteachers as well as their resilience.     

Book Review

Profits of War: Inside the Secret U.S.-Israeli Arms Network, Ari Ben-Menashe Trick or Treason: The October Surprise Mystery, Robert Parry     

THE FUTURE OF TIBETAN CULTURE

This is a short presentation drawn from a Belgian experience by Philippe Paquet,reporter at La Libre Belgique,Brussels,Beijing,October 2006.     

Conference review

CULTURE IN THE MARKET ECONOMY‐ECONOMY IN CULTURE, Debrecen, Hungary, 19–21 October 1995     

All-Russian Archaeological Congress “current issues in Russian archaeology” (23rd–28th October, 2006, Novosibirsk)

Information

All-Russian Archaeological Congress “current issues in Russian archaeology” (23rd–28th October, 2006, Novosibirsk)     

First Toranba Geshi Degree Issue

In October 2005, a total of 11 students of the China Tibetan Language Higher Institute of Buddhism completed their Buddhist studies for the Toranba Geshi title and a grand award ceremony was held. This marks the fresh progress that Tibetan Buddhism is making in Buddhist studies.     

The politics of commemorative street renaming: Berlin 1945–1948

Commemorative street names belong to the ideological foundations of the socio-political order. The process of renaming streets figures prominently in a stage of regime change. As a measure of historical revision, renaming the past is a twofold procedure that involves both the de-commemoration of the version of history associated with and supportive of the old regime and the commemoration of heroes and events that represent the new regime and its version of history. This paper examines political processes and commemorative priorities and strategies that directed the renaming of streets in post-World War II Berlin during two successive municipal administrations. The first part of the article explores the failed project promoted by the unelected communist administration that ruled Berlin between May 1945 and October 1946 aimed to achieve a comprehensive odonymic reform that went beyond a mere purge of explicit Nazi street names. The second part examines the substantially downscaled purge of Berlin’s register of street names accomplished by the SPD-led city government that took office after the October 1946 democratic election.     

西宁市海湖路新出士的东汉早期釉陶器

2011年10月,青海省文物考古研究所在西宁市海湖路清理了一座汉代单室券顶砖室墓葬,出土了一组较有特色的釉陶器。这组釉陶器器型规整、釉色独特,釉面光洁,具有较高的研究和欣赏价值,现介绍如下,以供大家共同鉴赏。