Women In The City: Feminist Analyses of Urban Geography

Four different sites of gendered social practice are identified as major concerns of socialist feminist urban geography: the home or domestic sphere; the paid workplace; the city's built environment; and localities. Literature about each is described and reviewed Theoretical implications of the feminist reading of urban geography are then considered in particular the feminist criticisms of traditional models of urban spatial structure, and challenges to existing forms of feminist geography from debates in social theory.     

Contexts and Debates

Carl Levy (ed.), Italian Regionalism. History, Identity and Politics, Berg, Oxford 1996, 197 pp., ISBN 1–85975–131–7 hbk, 1–85973–156–2 pbk, £12.95.     

关于"杯酒释兵权"若干问题的再探讨

“杯酒释兵权”,是宋初新贵集团取代留用的后周旧臣的重要举措。从这一宋初政治演变的主线索来看,石守信等大将集北宋开国元勋与后周旧臣于一身的复杂性,是“杯酒释兵权”得以产生的最主要原因;宋太祖和赵普之间的相关争论主要不在于要不要解除留用诸将的兵权,而是在什么时候解除他们的兵权,即时机的把握问题;宋太祖在禁军中用以取代留用的后周大将的新贵群体,是由他亲自创建和指挥的嫡系部队殿前军中的亲信们所构成,包括其嫡系部下和亲兵卫士两部分。宋太祖一朝禁军指挥权的转移,呈现出由留用的后周大将向宋太祖的嫡系部下转移,再由宋太祖的嫡系部下向其亲兵卫士群体转移的明显轨迹。     

试论和谐的民族关系与社会主义和谐社会的构建

民族关系是一种社会关系,是民族生存和发展过程中相关民族之间的相互交往、联系、作用、影响的关系。我国是由56个民族组成的大家庭,民族关系的和谐发展直接关系到国家与社会的稳定与发展,并对社会主义和谐社会的构建具有重要的意义。我们要努力建设和谐的民族关系,构建社会主义和谐社会。     

联邦党人与反联邦党人关于宪法批准问题的争论

《美国宪法》是近代世界最早、也是迄今为止延续时间最长的一部成文宪法。在它制定至批准的3年中,联邦党人与反联邦党人展开了激烈的辩论,各自发表了他们建立国家的一系列设想。通过对他们在争论中所涉及的联邦政府的性质、联邦政府与州政府的关系、《权利法案》等焦点问题的探讨,有助于揭示宪法最终获得批准的深层原因,并重新认识两大派别在美国宪政发展史中的地位和作用。     

From Propaganda to Modernization: Media Policy and Media Audiences under National Socialism

To date, historians have worked on the assumption that NationalSocialism used the media to powerful propaganda effect. Yetat an early stage a few voices, especially within Anglo-Saxonscholarship, questioned whether the process was so direct. Increasinglythe individual media have been examined, both technically andin terms of their public the reactions they provoked. This essayexamines how the media can be said to have modernized underNational Socialism, and how newspaper readers, radio listenersand cinema audiences reacted to the development of the media.There were major differences. Radio was conceived as a mediumfor music and entertainment; new formats were developed in responseto listeners turning to programmes from abroad, so that Germanradio could no longer keep a monopoly on information. The majorityof feature films were melodramas and light entertainment, andalthough many carried a ‘message’, the cinema wasfundamentally a commercial, non-political sphere. Newspapersremained relatively conservative in presentation. The presswas largely concentrated in the hands of the party, so informationwas highly controlled, and due to difficulties of productionin wartime they became increasingly unattractive, and by 1942were trusted by few readers. The corpus of the media generallybecame technically more efficient, and sought to please itsgrowing audience. Total control of the media by the politicalleaders was not achieved. Particular elements, such as war films,or the ‘Wehrmacht Request Show’, had memorable success.Agenda setting by the media planners put certain key politicalideas into the forefront, and they were able to disseminatekey symbols and rituals of National Socialism. The media werebut one of many agents used, though, to foster political loyalty.The régime also, and more importantly, achieved thisby using existing attitudes, and through its permanent threatof violence towards the population, whom they also seduced withmaterial ‘treats’. It emerges that it is both possibleand helpful in studying the development of the media to examineit as a process of modernization in the media, in their organizationaland technical structures. This process was however underminedwherever in German society anti-modernist ideology and practicespersisted or fought back.     

Feminine and Feminist

Book reviewed in this article: The Waiting List: An Iraqi Woman's Tales of Alienation, Daisy Al-Amir Arab Women Novelists: The Formative Years and Beyond, Joseph T. Zeidan Populism and Feminism in Iran, Haideh Moghissi     

Quantitative Studies of National Socialism: A Quantum: Conference Report

The authors present and compare new time series for calculating the real value of Swiss prices over the past five centuries. They analyze three different modes of price deflation using wages, consumer price indices (CPIs), and the gross domestic product (GDP), and assess the merits and limitations of each approach. The authors then examine how time series that cover long periods of time are made using Switzerland as a case study and introduce an original CPI for the years 1501-2006. The authors conclude by contrasting the different time series and proposing rough guidelines about their use.     

战后张君劢的社会主义新思考

战后张君劢的民主观念具有"人权保障"、"社会主义"和"民主方法"的三重丰富内涵;晚年张君劢则摆脱了计划经济思想的笼罩,并进一步确认了民主社会主义的基本价值和多元主义的哲学基础.总体而言,回到康德对于人的基本价值的确认,成为张君劢战后以至晚年民主社会主义思想的基本出发点,他的新思考亦与二战后期以降欧美思想界的潮流变动及所谓"社会主义之方向转变"密切关联.     

Feminist geographies and intersectionality

In this intervention, I raise questions for feminist geographers who use intersectionality in their work. First, I invite feminist geographers to consider their expertise in relation to the significance of locality and the role of social context as a crucial factor in intersectional analyses. Second, I query the focus on multiple axes of difference and question the need to focus on specific axes over others and how this may be resolved. Finally, the issue of methods in research about intersectionality is explored and I reflect upon research with ethnic and religious minority young people that adopted an approach informed by intersectionality in order to provide a focus for this discussion.