扬州甘泉山二号墓年代献疑

根据墓葬形制和随葬品特征,可以推定扬州甘泉山二号墓主是东汉晚期而不是东汉早期的广陵王。文献记载也表明,终东汉之世,广陵国的王国地位始终保持,附近发现的"广陵王玺"金印为东汉晚期或使用至东汉晚期的可能性都存在。     

独松关建造年代略考

独松关在今浙江省安吉县境内,南与杭州市余杭区境交界,北距城关递铺镇8公里。历史上,独松关与位于余杭境内的幽岭关、百丈关合称“独松三关”,是南宋京城临安北侧的主要屏障。关于此关的建造年代,当地有关部门一直定位为“宋代”,但由于除此之外浙江省内目前并无明代以前的关隘遗存,即使是全国范围看也所存不多。因此,有关现存独松关的建造年代便有些疑问。本试图搜集有关资料,对之作一些初步的分析。     

Age Patterns of Mortality During the Black Death in London, A.D. 1349-1350

This paper examines adult age-specific mortality patterns of one of the most devastating epidemics in recorded history, the Black Death of A.D. 1347-351. The goal was to determine whether the epidemic affected all ages equally or if it targeted certain age groups. Analyses were done using a sample of 337 individuals excavated from the East Smithfield cemetery in London, which contains only individuals who died during the Black Death in London in 1349-1350. The age patterns from East Smithfield were compared to a sample of 207 individuals who died from non-epidemic causes of mortality. Ages were estimated using the method of transition analysis, and age-specific mortality was evaluated using a hazards model. The results indicate that the risk of mortality during the Black Death increased with adult age, and therefore that age had an effect on risk of death during the epidemic. The age patterns in the Black Death cemetery were similar to those from the non-epidemic mortality sample. The results from this study are consistent with previous findings suggesting that despite the devastating nature of the Black Death, the 14(th)-century disease had general patterns of selectivity that were similar to those associated with normal medieval mortality.     

Iron Age Diet at Sisak,Croatia: Archaeobotanical Evidence of Foxtail Millet (Setaria Italica [L.] P. Beauv.)

Recent excavations at Sisak, Croatia, unearthed an Early Iron Age pot filled with archaeobotanical remains within the floor of a structure dating to between the sixth and fourth centuries BC. Burnt in situ the archaeobotanical remains provide unique evidence for diet and agriculture in a region where archaeobotanical evidence is rare. The preliminary results from this analysis are outlined here, with a focus on the discovery of foxtail millet (Setaria italica [L.] P. Beauv.) and its contribution to the diet of the Early Iron Age population at Sisak.     

Evaluating the Impact of the Congressional Budget Office at Middle Age

The Congressional Budget Office, which turned 40 years old in 2015, was created in order to provide the Congress with independent budgetary and economic information. The impact of CBO has been most clearly felt in its cost estimates of pending legislation. CBO is sometimes criticized for its estimates, and the article addresses several of these criticisms. The future influence of CBO will depend on its ability to maintain its nonpartisan reputation.     

The Early Bronze Age at Tel Nagila

The excavations of R. Amiran and A. Eitan at the site of Tel Nagila are best known for the Middle Bronze Age remains exposed at the site. Yet Early Bronze remains were sporadically excavated in restricted locations where the excavators deepened their investigations below Middle Bronze strata. As such, a study of the albeit limited EB remains furnishes us with an opportunity to provide a more complete settlement history of the site, as well as a limited view of ceramic tradition that was common at the site. The following paper will present the stratigraphic and ceramic information available, and suggests a rather early date within Early Bronze III of the remains, as well as evidence for Early Bronze Age I occupation of the site.     

The Early Iron Age at Troy Reconsidered

Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) of Protogeometric ceramics at Troy supports a revision of our understanding of the site in the Protogeometric period. Previous interpretations of this period at Troy emphasized the importance of either Greek migration or Greek trade networks. A category of amphoras previously thought to be imports appears to have been made locally. NAA also indicates local production of a new class of handmade cooking pots, as well as more traditional Gray ware vessels. Analysis reveals a high degree of cultural continuity at Iron Age Troy, with inhabitants adopting and adapting a wider vocabulary of Protogeometric vessel types in the Aegean while integrating them with established local pottery traditions and resource use. The combinations of local and non‐local components seen at Troy are more consistent with long‐term dynamic Aegean interaction spheres than with more tenuous models of Aeolian migration or Euboian expansion.     

中国青铜时代不存在失蜡法铸造工艺

长期以来,学术界公认曾侯乙尊盘和淅川下寺铜禁是采用失蜡法工艺铸造。近年来,我们对相关实物进行了仔细的研究,发现在被认为是失蜡法工艺铸造的部件上都有明确的范缝和其它范铸工艺的特征。因此,无论是曾侯乙尊盘还是淅川下寺铜禁都不可能是用失蜡法工艺铸造的。进一步的研究表明,在青铜时代,我国广大地区普遍采用范铸工艺,商代中期之前,主要是整体铸造,商代中期至西周,主要还是整体铸造,但开始了分铸插接工艺;春秋以后则主要采用分铸和焊接工艺;既没有失蜡法铸造的器例,也没有失蜡法工艺产生的必要的技术基础和社会需求。     

Atacamite pigment at Tell Abraq in the early Iron Age

X-ray powder diffraction analysis identified a concentration of green pigment in a shell from Tell Abraq as the copper mineral atacamite. The use of atacamite as a pigment in the ancient world is discussed.