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A common assumption in current scholarship on imperialism is that representations of colonised landscapes were gendered female and that European expansion was a male‐gendered enterprise. In the Dutch East Indies (colonial Indonesia), a Dutch possession in south‐east Asia, this association was by no means consistent in artistic and literary representations of nature and landscape. The gendering of Indies landscapes as feminine and their association with erotic conquest in colonial representations was most strongly evident in paintings. However, in photographs and literature, race figured more prominently in the designation of colonised landscapes as tropical and other. This was particularly true from the late nineteenth century onwards, when an ideological shift towards increased racial segregation occurred among colonial intellectuals and officials. In literature particularly, Indies landscapes and nature appeared as gender‐neutral, but were clearly raced native. In such instances, colonial representations were more likely to convey a fear of seduction and engulfment by Indies nature than titillation at the prospect of erotic opportunity or colonial conquest.  相似文献   

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论文利用公堂审理华人民事案件和日常管理的档案记录《公案簿》和荷兰莱顿大学图书馆藏原始公堂数字化档案,从华人社会权力管制的视角对公堂的丧葬管理过程、华人丧葬规范以及丧葬背后体现的社会内在矛盾进行了研究探讨。1742年建立的吧城公堂是荷属东印度时期荷兰殖民者委任华人甲必丹管理的华人半自治机构,主要处理华人民政事务,其中丧葬事宜便是管理要务之一,包括倡建、购置和经营华人塚地,规范华人葬仪、丧服之礼。然而在西方殖民统治不断强化的时代背景下,公堂在丧葬管理中面临唐吧贸易衰落后甲必丹们义葬观念的转变、闽粤二帮祭祀矛盾、华人美色甘及公堂内部人士对塚地经费管理的质疑以及殖民政府推进城市化过程中对塚地的侵蚀等挑战,再加上1900年吧达维亚中华会馆成立后倡导革新婚丧旧俗,公堂的权威地位逐渐遭到削弱,华人社会管理多元化的诉求和实践成为时代需要。  相似文献   

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In place of a ‘tolerant no more’ narrative, this article proposes a different conception of nationalism's re‐articulation in the Dutch context. The salience of nationhood in public and political life, particularly concerning issues of immigration, religion and diversity, is not reconstructed as a backlash against a purported multiculturalism. Instead, attention is given to a re‐articulation of the very notion of nationhood. A long‐term historical move away from characterology is assessed and applied in understanding the emergence of a national‐identity discourse. This discourse not merely embellishes talk of Dutchness with new terms, but indicates – so the articles aim to demonstrate – a different conception of nationhood all together. Apart from what the nation is – about which very little disagreement took place – discussions formed about how Dutchness was imagined and to what extent people themselves were able to form a national image. The emergence of national‐identity discourse is empirically reconstructed. Not only is it made clear how a logic of popularity begins to be reiterated across a variety of positionings, but public debate and dissensus acquire a new significance and performativity in the process.  相似文献   

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宝鸡(弓鱼)国墓地是20世纪70年代中期至80年代初期西周考古的重要发现之一。该墓地以出土众多的独具自身特色的西周青铜器享誉海内外,特别是该基地出土的许多具有巴蜀文化特色的兵器格外引人注目。与此同时,该墓地还出土了一些具有北方青铜文化特色的兵器及一些含有人物形象铜器,别具特色.是研究该墓地族属难得的实物资料。本文拟就该墓地出土的这些铜器略陈管见。  相似文献   

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