The Modern Myth of the Viking

This paper presents the text of a lecture first given in the series commemorating the work of Paul Johnstone. In the years since it was given further material has been gathered and the issues it addresses are still current. The paper discusses how we have constructed histories of the Scandinavian Iron Age, in particular the myth of the ‘Viking’, and how these are manipulated and used in society today. It is argued that by not countering spurious histories assiduously enough, academia has effectively subscribed to them and in some ways has actively contributed to their construction. This realisation should temper our future research.     

世界近代史断限问题新探

历史时期的划分不同于社会形态的演变。世界近代史不能同资本主义史画等号。划分历史时期,应以社会经济发展为主要依据．同时也要考虑到政治和思想文化方面的情况。世界近代史是人类进入工业社会和工业社会发展的历史。它的上限可以定在18世纪60年代．下限可以定在20世纪40年代。     

世界历史进程中的马克思世界历史理论

经济全球化的日益发展对历史学提出了新的理论挑战,这就是究竟如何避免各种片面和局限,构建科学和系统的世界历史阐释体系。这一时代要求进一步凸显了马克思世界历史理论的科学性和重要性。马克思世界历史理论是世界历史发展进程中的产物,同时也深刻揭示了世界历史形成和演变的内在规律,为我们认识、理解和把握世界历史的整体发展指明了基本方向。它通过深入揭示生产力因素在人类社会发展过程中所发挥的决定性作用,为我们深入理解人类历史和改造世界提供了科学的理论与方法论支持,并且为当代的世界史或全球史的研究和编纂提供了具有方法论意义的科学指南。     

Timeline History and the Anzac Myth: Settler Narratives of Local History in a North Australian Town

This paper explores rural Australian settler historical narratives through an examination of the landscape of public history in the northwestern Queensland city of Mount Isa. In various sites of public history, including the city's 75th anniversary festivities, tourism sites, and popular historical literature, certain narrative themes are predominant. Themes of ‘discoverers’, ‘firsts’, and ‘pioneers’ coalesce into a ‘timeline’ approach to history, in which the past is ordered sequentially in a linear pattern of development and progress. Aboriginal people are incorporated into linear histories in various ways, notably through the concept of ‘the last of the tribe’, which separates an aboriginal past from a European, colonial present and presumes colonial authority to be effectively established. Aboriginal people, particularly the Kalkadoon, are also incorporated within a second narrative tradition, the Anzac legend, for their heroic, desperate and failed battle in 1884 against European invaders. Aboriginal leaders in Mount Isa use these settler narrative traditions to advance native title claims and to create a respected public space for Aboriginal people in the city. In short, settler historical narratives, while being conservative in language, are continually being reshaped and metaphorically extended to new contexts, and are mobilized for both conservative and critical political agendas..     

全球史观与近代早期世界史编纂

全球史是20世纪下半叶在美国兴起的一个史学流派,目前在西方乃至世界正在产生越来越大的影响。当今世界的全球化趋势、后现代学术的发展、东西方之间日益紧密的学术交流,是全球史产生的国际环境和学术背景。全球史以人类社会整体发展进程为叙述对象,超越西方史学以国家为单位的叙事传统,从学术发生学的角度颠覆“欧洲中心论”,以不同人群、社会、民族、国家之间的互动为切入点,开辟了考察世界历史的新视角,建立了编纂世界通史的新框架,具有鲜明的时代特点和理论启发性。但全球史忽视对各个社会内部发展动力的考察,表现出理论欠缺。“世界横向联系”历来是我国世界通史研究的薄弱环节,而全球史正好弥补我们的不足,因此在我国有重要的借鉴意义。笔者结合修订吴齐本(吴于廑、齐世荣主编的《世界史》)近代早期部分的工作,介绍在编纂世界通史过程中尝试借鉴全球史方法和理论的体会。     

世界历史发展进程中的第二次世界大战

第二次世界大战是资本主义陷入深刻危机的产物,使人类在物质上和精神上蒙受了前所未有的巨大双重劫难。但是,战后形成的社会主义新气象和殖民体系的瓦解,以及在国际关系中形成的各种维护世界和平与安全、促进全球经济发展与合作的新机制,进一步加快了世界历史的发展进程。战后的世界历史进入了一个以和平与发展为时代主题的新阶段。