The Colonial Roots of Forest Extraction: Rosewood Exploitation in Southern Belize

In 2013 there was a spike in the illegal export of rosewood, a highly‐valued tropical hardwood, from Belize. Hewn by Maya workers at night, logs were sold to Chinese buyers. Although protected by international conservation agreements, container‐loads of rosewood were exported unprocessed, unmarked and untaxed. This article examines the rosewood exports, providing a critical analysis that seeks its underlying causes and lessons for development. Drawing on extensive archival research, interviews with multiple actors, and data on China's rosewood imports, the authors show that the exports reflect a long‐standing pattern: the extraction and export of unprocessed primary commodities from Belize's forests. However, contemporary patterns are not simply repeating colonial history. On the demand side, the recent rosewood boom was triggered by a rapid rise in demand from urban, middle‐class consumers in China, stimulating a new commodity chain. On the supply side, the ‘rosewood crisis’ was facilitated by a peculiar legal‐political conjuncture: it occurred during a period after the Maya communities had won legal rights to their forests through the courts, but before the state had recognized those rights. Thus the incomplete recognition of indigenous land rights collided with long‐standing patterns of forest extractivism and explosive demand in China.     

Tradisi and Turisme: Music,Dance, and Cultural Transformation at the Ubud Palace,Bali, Indonesia

This article investigates relationships between music and place through analysis of performances for tourists at a prominent site, Puri Saren Agung (the Ubud Palace) in the Balinese village of Ubud. These performances are representative of ways in which Balinese traditional cultural representation is transformed when it is packaged for tourist consumption. Through a number of readings of the palace, potential meanings for music are shown to be dependent on the past and present identities of this site. This is heightened by a view of changes in the palace's status and uses as a metaphor for ongoing developments in Balinese music and dance, and thus of ways in which tourism has been, and continues to be, a force in Balinese cultural production.     

Writing in wartime China: Chongqing,Shanghai, and Southern Zhejiang

ABSTRACT

The outbreak of the full-scale Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) brought an end to the printing and publishing industry centered in Shanghai in the 1930s. Chongqing then emerged as a nerve center of information and opinion. Writers everywhere worked under wartime conditions of social dislocation, economic dependency, and political control. This article examines the writing and publishing of three notable pieces of work completed in wartime Chongqing, Shanghai, and southern Zhejiang, respectively. The article explores the context in which each work was written and then evaluates the broader significance of the texts with regard to a historical assessment of the Chinese intellectual experience during wartime.     

Roots,rock, Breizh: music and the politics of nationhood in contemporary Brittany*

Abstract. The three terms Roots, Rock and Breizh (or ‘Brittany’) seem to make unlikely companions: their meeting looks more like a collision than a confluence. However, these disparate forces have fashioned a unique cultural dynamic in Brittany. This paper analyses this cultural‐nationalist movement. It considers its socio‐cultural context, presents some case studies of particular singers and festivals, and evaluates the movement's significance.     

The Roots of Terrorist Motivation: Shame,Rage, and Violence in The Brothers Karamazov

Abstract

Dostoevsky's most famous novel dealing with terrorism is his work The Demons. In this first-ever novel about terrorism, he carefully analyzed the various factors that contributed to the rise of modern terrorism. This article argues that Dostoevsky's subsequent novel, The Brothers Karamazov, is equally important in understanding the motivations of individual terrorists. The author argues that The Brothers Karamazov is fundamentally a novel about the rage and violence that are the byproducts of shame and humiliation. If modern counterterrorism policymakers, analysts, and operatives are serious about understanding the fundamental motivations of modern terrorists, it may benefit them to read (or reread) The Brothers Karazamov in this light.     

Space, Sound, Culture, and Politics: Radio Broadcasting in Southern Ontario

Broadcasting is one renewable resource that has received little attention from geographers. Different segments of the broadcast spectrum display quite different space-covering characteristics, and the regulation of signals that cross international boundaries is a matter of growing concern for the International Telecommunication Union. In this paper, spectrum management issues are examined for the am portion of the broadcast band in the southern Ontario region, am stations often have large but irregularly shaped coverage areas, especially at night. Spectrum saturation and the competition from American broadcasters pose problems for the region, not all of which can be solved with new technology.
Le spectre des radio-fréquences est une ressource naturelle renouvable a laquelle les gkographes ont accordé jusqu'à présent peu d'attention. Les différentes bandes du spectre ont des caractéristiques de portée bien distinctes et les réglements regissant les télécommunications internationales deviennent de plus en plus importants pour l'Union internationale des télécommunications. Cette examine les problhes de gestion du spectre pour la bande radio-diffusion MA dans la rkgion de l'Ontario du sud. Les stations de radio MA ont souvent de grandes, mais asymétriques, régions de reception, particulitrement la nuit. La saturation du spectre et la concurrence des stations amkricains posent des probltmes dam la region. La nouvelle technologie ne peut rksoudre tous ces problhes.     

SAGYA MONASTERY:Sorcerer's Dance in Winter and Summer

ＳＡＧＹＡＭＯＮＡＳＴＥＲＹ：Ｓｏｒｃｅｒｅｒ＇ｓＤａｎｃｅｉｎＷｉｎｔｅｒａｎｄＳｕｍｍｅｒＺＨＡＮＧＹＩＮＧＢｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｄａｙｏｆｔｈｅ１２ｔｈｍｏｎｔｈｏｆｔｈｅｎｂｅｔａｎｃａｌｅｎｄａｒ,Ｔｉｂｅｔａｎｓｉｎｗ...