SNOW pH AND DUST LOADING AT SCHEFFERVILLE, QUEBEC

Problems of acid precipitation in association with industrial activity in areas such as the Great Lakes region are now well-known (e.g. Hornbeck et al., 1977), and the Canadian Network for Sampling Precipitation (CANSAP) has established monitoring stations across Canada. In communities in northern Canada, however, especially in winter, a considerable amount of SO₂ is liberated locally. It is therefore important to be able to separate local effects from the regional or continental ones, but most CANSAP stations utilize a single collector, the position of which may not be representative of the general conditions in the locality.
The Schefferville, Quebec, area presents a good opportunity to evaluate the local effects of a small area (˜ 1 km²) source in winteras no industrial activity other than ore-extraction takes place. The only gaseous contaminants liberated locally are derived from fuel oil, and the only particulates come from well-defined mine and dump areas.
Here we present measurements of snow pH and dust loading in the Schefferville area, consider the importance of local gaseous and particulate pollutants, compare these with pollutants from distant sources, and assess the significance of the pollution patterns.     

THEORIES, PARADIGMS, MAPPING, AND GEOMORPHOLOGY

A past-president's address is a unique opportunity to reflect on one's experience in a discipline or to examine that discipline with a critical eye. This is best done during the brashness of youth or from the comfortable position of maturity. Obviously it is from the latter vantage point that I wish to probe this branch of science, geomorphology, which for twenty years has given me renewed intellectual challenges, beauty that only a field scientist has the privilege to behold, physical difficulties which result in a minimum of middle-age bulge, and lessons in humility which keep proposed explanations honest.     

PRECEDENT AND NATIONALISM IN THE SUPREME COURT OF CANADA

This article employs literature on federalism to explore the ways in which national Canadian interest groups develop federative structures in order to conduct advocacy work within Québec. It first identifies institutional reasons for the development of federalist structures for Canadian groups, and it then explores asymmetries between the treatment of Québec chapters of these groups and of chapters elsewhere in Canada. Drawing on interviews with the political directors of groups active at the national level in Canada, this article shows that the degree to which groups grant power to their provincial or Québec subunits varies according to the benefits sought by groups.     

THE DISTRIBUTION OF SCOTS AND IRISH IN UPPER CANADA, 1851-71

Recent geographical studies of evolving cultural patterns in North America have encompassed spatial scales from continental (Meinig 1986; Rooney, Zelinsky et al. 1982; Zelinsky 1973) to local (Clarke and Skof 1985; Millward 1981; Norris 1984). This interest may reflect, in part, previous neglect of cultural dimensions in North American geography, as well as emerging conceptual insights including that of the 'charter group' of founding colonists (Porter 1965), the somewhat similar 'doctrine of first effective settlement' (Zelinsky 1973), and the classification of spatial-cultural types within emerging regions of the continent (Meinig 1986).     

NATIONALISME ET LUTTE DES CLASSES AU QUEBEC (NATIONALISM AND CLASS STRUGGLE IN QUEBEC)

Ninety-one percent of the natives of Quebec are wage earners suffering on their own territory a double alienation, socio-economic and cultural. The largely proletarized French-speaking population of Quebec is subjected on the job and often in its public life, to authorities who do not literally or metaphorically understand its language. The socio-economic status of the proletariat and its linguistic isolation reinforce its inferiority complex. It is only in literature that this situation is documented, assessed and used as a springboard for self-vindication. However, Quebec literature appears to be considerably ahead of the times. Popular culture, controlled by mass media and international corporations, marketing consumerism as ideology, dominate the contemporary scene. Such an ideology pretends to ignore class and ethnic distinctions and facilitates the quiet reproduction of the existing socio-economic order that treats Quebec natives as cheap labor. A growing class of Quebec intellectuals, however, has become aware of its dispossession, dispossession of its country and of its identity. This class strives to regain them, at least through the mediation of language and literature. Such a form of struggle for identity and recognition has a limited impact on the actual situation since Quebec nationalism is primarily an expression of a class struggle that could only find a victorious outcome in a rather unlikely proletarian revolution.     

CONCEPTS OF THE INNER CITY AND RECENT TRENDS IN CANADA

This essay evaluates the explanatory power of two current models - ‘centrifugal’ and ‘centripetal’ - of the evolution of inner cities. This in done in the light of data on socioeconomic trends that affect residential areas in the cores of the nine major Canadian metropolitan regions. The centrifugal model focuses on the attraction of suburbs on central city residents; the centripetal concentrates on the lure of some inner-city neighbourhoods for certain middle- and upper-income households. While the Canadian trends support some propositions of the models, they seriously challenge others, us models seem unsuitable for explaining Canadian urban reality. They fail to account for the relative socioeconomic stability of core neighourboods in major Canadian cities and the dissociation between trends in their residents' incomes and in housing values. Cet article évalue le pouvoir d'explication démontré par les ébauches théoriques qui visent à faire comprendre l'évolution des quartiers situés à l'interieur des centres urbains. Cette évaluation se sert de données relatives aux tendances socio-économiques qui marquent les secteurs résidentiels situés au coeur des neuf plus grandes zones métropolitaines du Canada. Deux modèles dominent ce champ d'étude: il y a d'abord le modèle ‘centrifuge,’ qui postule une attraction des banlieues exercée sur les résidents de la ville centrale; puis le modèle ‘centripète,’ qui explique l'attrait qu'exercent ces quartiers sur certains manages a moyens et hauls revenus. Alors que les tendances observées dans les agglomérations canadiennes viennent donner du poids à certaines propositions de ces modèles, elles présentent également un défi de taille à certaines autres. Les difficultés ressenties dans l'application de ces deux modèles paraissent relever de l'inadaptation de modèles conçus aux Etats-Unis à la réalité urbaine canadienne. Ces modèles sont considérés particulièrement inaptes à expliquer la relative stabilité socio-économique des quartiers des grandes agglomérations canadiennes et à rendre compte d'un écart grandissant entre lesrevenus de leurs résidents et la valeur des unités de logement qui s'y trouvent.