CAVE ART AND THE THEORY OF ART: THE ORIGINS OF THE RELIGIOUS INTERPRETATION OF PALAEOLITHIC GRAPHIC EXPRESSION

This paper explores the origins of the symbolic–religious interpretation of Palaeolithic art. We analyse the relationship between the explanations that were given of the 'primitive' mentality in the second half of the nineteenth century and the birth of the religious interpretations of Palaeolithic art and we try to show how this union does not express a direct cause–effect relationship. In order for the union to take place, an intellectual change that would generate a new way of understanding the origins and the nature of art was necessary.     

CI战略与长春城市旅游形象塑造

随着旅游业的迅猛发展,旅游市场竞争日趋激烈,旅游地形象问题越来越受到理论界和业界人士的关注。本以长春市为例,将企业CI理论导入城市旅游形象设计中,分别从理念形象、视觉形象、行为形象三方面对城市进行整体旅游形象塑造。指出城市作为旅游目的地只有实施整体旅游形象战略,建立完整的城市旅游识别系统才能赢得市场份额。     

COMMUNITY,OBLIGATION, AND FOOD: LESSONS FROM THE MORAL GEOGRAPHY OF INUIT

Using Inuit as an illustration, this article discusses what it means to live in community, and argues that by taking people's moral geographies into account one may understand more fully the make‐up of community. The article maintains that their moral geography creates a feeling among Inuit of obligation for the other. It is this obligation that serves as the basis for community. The article theorizes about the implications of internalized mores based on obligation, and discusses how, in contrast to the concept of rights, such mores contribute to the formation and maintenance of community. The article concludes that developing a situated understanding of people's moral geographies may help to expand our comprehension of community construction and maintenance.     

HISTORICAL PRESERVATION AND IDENTITY: THE ALAMO AND THE PRODUCTION OF A CONSUMER LANDSCAPE

Historical preservation often reveals more about contemporary culture than about history. The Alamo in San Antonio, Texas, is just such a case. No other large US city is so dominated by a single historical event, and the Alamo plays a central role as a cultural icon for regional Anglo identity, a symbol of the Anglo-dominated social hierarchy. Its preservation and restoration have coincided with modern identity formation contextualized by commodities. Thus, a critical part of this project is the development of a consumer landscape as an economic extension of the Alamo that promotes consumption by harmonizing with prevailing Anglo conceptions of ethnic identities; not simply a strategically located commercial zone, but an integral part of the pilgrimage to the monument, providing a mechanism for socialization, including "racialization", contextualized by commodities.     

THE IDENTITY OF THE MISSING TOGATUS AND OTHER CLUES TO THE INTERPRETATION OF THE GEMMA AUGUSTEA

Summary. (see Figs. 1 and 3) In previous attempts at an interpretation of what is depicted on the famous Gemma Augustea in Vienna, little if any attention has been paid to the missing figure whose toga folds can be seen between the spokes of the chariot wheel near the left-hand edge of the cameo. This figure is undoubtedly of crucial importance. According to the hypothesis advanced in the present paper, the cameo represents the glorification of Germanicus (no. 2) following his successes in the Pannonian war AD 6–9. He is welcomed by his stepfather Tiberius (no. 1, the missing togatus) and ceremonially presented to the emperor (no. 6); the younger Drusus is also in attendance (no. 4). Augustus is crowned supreme victor by the Magna Mater (no. 7), whose assistance he had invoked at the beginning of the war. In the lower register are barbarian captives and personifications: on the left, beneath a trophy in process of erection by Roman soldiers, the Pannonian leader Pinnes, and 'Pannonia'(nos. 14–15); on the right the Dalmation leader Bato, and 'Dalmatia'(nos. 21–22). The latter are receiving rough treatment at the hands of Bendis and Neoptolemos (nos. 19–20), tutelary representatives of Thrace and continental Greece, respectively. After Germanicus' death in AD 19 Tiberius' figure was deliberately removed, presumably at the instigation of Germanicus' widow Agrippina. If so, the cameo is likely to have been confiscated and transferred to the Imperial Treasury on her banishment in AD 29.     

地方与认同:欧美人文地理学对地方的再认识

地方是现代人文地理学研究的重要视角之一。以人本主义地理学为代表,现代欧美人文地理学界对地方性意义以及地方在建构个人与社会的文化身份认同的作用进行了深入的探讨与研究。地方对于个人与社会来说,不啻是一个意义的中心,同时也是构建社会关系与权力关系的媒介。因此,地方意义在身份认同的建构过程中有着十分重要的作用。本文从地方-空间的关系、地方认同的多样性与动态性、地方认同与权力的关系以及全球化背景下的地方认同四个方面对欧美人文地理学关于地方与认同之间辩证关系的研究进行系统的述评。     

越南难侨的身份协商与国家认同——基于珠海市原红旗华侨农场的案例

20世纪中期,东南亚多国先后出现排华潮,大量华人华侨以“难侨”身份被迫返回祖国。难侨独特的生命历程和空间实践,使其展演出不同的身份协商过程和国家认同变迁。本文以珠海市原红旗华侨农场的越南难侨为研究对象,采用定性研究方法,剖析其在归国前后不同时期和不同空间的各方互动中身份协商和国家认同的演变过程。研究指出：越南难侨在群体互动、政府政策以及社会支持的影响下,在归国之前、归国初期和归国后期有着明显的身份认同变化;在这一过程中,其对祖国（中国）的国家认同不断加强。研究通过时空耦合视角为移民的身份协商和国家认同研究提供新的分析框架,亦从侧面反映出中国近半个世纪以来在难民治理和侨务政策方面所取得的成效。     

PREHISTORIC ROCK ART FROM PAINTED BLUFF AND THE LANDSCAPE OF NORTH ALABAMA ROCK ART

Abstract

Painted Bluff in northern Alabama is one of the richest and most elaborate open-air rock art localities in the Eastern Woodlands, rivaling some of the Southeast’s dark zone cave art sites discovered over the past several decades. Known for more than a century, the site has never seen detailed documentation until now. Painted Bluff contains motifs similar to iconography associated with Mississippian ceremonial objects, and a radiocarbon age determination (cal A.D. 1300–1440) would indicate contemporary use of the site. More than 80 images were painted on the cliffs, most using red mineral pigments but some reflecting polychromatic use of differently colored minerals. We present examples of the Painted Bluff artwork and discuss the site in the broader context of prehistoric rock art on the southern Cumberland Plateau and in northern Alabama.     

耿乐戏里人生画外路

耿乐一席英伦装束出现在酒店草坪时,沐沥地下了一夜的雨竟然停了。“很幸运,天公作美!”耿乐一脸舒畅想,尾音收束得干净利落。     

APPROACHES TO THE USE AND CONTROL OF FORCE THE ART OF POSING STRATEGIC PROBLEMS

There is a risk that the threat of nuclear war will be exaggerated in ways injurious to arms control and will deliver to the Soviet leadership the political returns it may be seeking. This undesirable outcome is the result of logical tricks we play on ourselves in trying to be very precise about factors like the accuracy of missiles. It is also the result of the peculiar assymmetry of the discussion of strategic matters, as all of the publicity work for Soviet weapons accomplishments is done by the press and governments of the West. Proposals for remedy would be to watch our own habits of logic, so that we do not persuade ourselves that our weapons capability or our political resolve are weak, and to force the Soviets to produce more information about their strategic capabilities.     

汉式善财童子和汉式童子在明代藏传佛教艺术中的流传与演变

目 次 一 西藏明代壁画中的汉式善财童子和汉式童子 二 内地明代藏传佛教寺院艺术中的汉式善财童子 三 内地汉式善财童子的造型 四 汉式善财童子在藏区的传播与演变 明代是汉藏文化交流和融合的又一重要历史时期,随着明朝中央政府对西藏和其他藏区施政,以藏传佛教及其艺术为代表的藏族文化大规模传入以南京和北京为首的内地;另一方面,以汉传佛教及其艺术为代表的汉族文化也陆续传入西藏和其他藏区,正是这种相互的交流和融合,丰富和发展了中华民族的传统文化,加深了各民族之间的相互认同.在内地传入西藏和其他藏区的汉传佛教艺术中,就人物造型而言,四大天王和十六罗汉是藏传佛教艺术中汉式风格人物造型的经典代表,一直被藏族艺术家所钟爱.经过多年的田野考察发现,在西藏和内地现存明代以来的壁画中有不少表现汉式善财童子和汉式童子的形象,并且逐步融合演变成为藏传佛教艺术母题的有机组成部分.这一造型的出现不仅是明代西藏和其他藏区与内地政治、经济、文化频繁紧密交流的结晶,也是藏族文化对汉族文化认同的又一例证,同时丰富了汉藏艺术文化交流的内容.为此,笔者在此对这一造型的渊源、特点及其在明代各大藏传佛教寺院的表现和演变进行概要性的梳理和总结.     

NATIONAL PARKS AND INUIT RIGHTS IN NORTHERN LABRADOR

The creation of national parks in the Canadian Arctic and subarctic is a relatively new development that has had profound effects on the land and people in the region. The aim of this paper is to examine the implications of a proposed national park in northern Labrador for the people, principally Inuit, who live in the area. This also requires a critical review of certain policies and assumptions of Parks Canada with respect to the establishment of northern parks.     

第二居所居民对“家”的感知与认同研究

流动性语境下的"家"不再被视为稳定不变的概念,而是被不断建构的社会空间。第二居所赋予了传统社会中的"家"更丰富的动态内涵与独特的象征意义。文章以避暑旅游地重庆仙女山镇为例,研究第二居所避暑居民对"家"的空间想象与感知,及产生的特定认同。研究认为,第二居所避暑居民实现了对舒适空间的功能认同、对精英空间的社会认同及对家庭空间的情感认同,三者凸显出家的休闲属性、社会属性与日常属性的有机统一。第二居所表明了一种逃离现代性及满足休闲需求的旅游形式,也是一种规律性、重复性和循环性的生活方式,同时彰显出对身份、情感及真实性的渴望。第二居所的居住过程是家的解构与重构的过程,与第一居所及流动空间一起,构成了完整的"家"。     

SONIC GEOGRAPHY, PLACE AND RACE IN THE FORMATION OF LOCAL IDENTITY: LIVERPOOL AND SCOUSERS

The concept of identity has attracted significant academic attention. This article unpacks what constitutes the Scouse identity, how it is constructed and its different dimensions, with particular reference to place, phonology and race . Its novelty lies in developing the underused concept of "sonic geography" to examine the extent to which sound, for example a distinctive accent and/or dialect, affects the construction of local identity. Empirically this is conducted through a detailed analysis of the Scouse, or Liverpudlian, identity. The article also deploys the concept of "sonic exclusion" to examine the role a distinguishing vernacular plays in shaping local identity and the extent to which it determines "who is in" and "who is out" as a Scouser. The conclusion is that an effective understanding of a Scouser is not only spatial – someone born in Liverpool – because the sonoric landscape of spoken Scouse, and thereby Scouse identity, extends beyond the contemporary political and geographic boundaries of the City of Liverpool.     

卫生间标志的艺术情趣

<正>旅行过程中往往会有一些很可爱的细节元素值得关注、欣赏、拍摄,这些细节都是当地生活的一部分,是文化、艺术、思想的集中体现。我在过去一两年旅游过程中,有时候会注意到卫生间门口的标志很特别,当然这些标志所表达最直接的信息都是统一的,那就是"男"或者"女",但是所表现的形式却     

浮世丽人衣

最是那一低头的温柔,像一朵水莲花不胜凉风的妖羞,道一声珍重,道一声珍重,那一声珍重里有甜蜜的忧愁——沙扬娜拉！