TEXTS ON THE MOVE: TEXTUALITY AND HISTORICITY REVISITED

The last time texts were brought onto the general theoretical and methodological agenda of the human and social sciences, they were reintroduced into history in terms of an indefinite set of indefinitely complex contexts, which gave every text a specific date and location in a network of other texts and events. A couple of decades later, however, a more prominent feature of texts seems to be that they are permanently on the move: they circulate, have effects on other things, change and transform realities, and are at the same time themselves translated and modified. In the literature exploring the textuality of history, these dimensions have been under‐theorized and often ignored. To meet this challenge, we need to develop concepts and approaches that enable us to place the mobility of texts as well as their mobilizing force at the center of our current historical concerns. In this article we will explore what the consequences of this move could be, and what resources are already at hand in different scholarly traditions. Exploring the entanglements between actor‐network theory (ANT in the version of Bruno Latour), on the one hand, and literary criticism, linguistics, and book history, on the other, enables us to focus on how texts move and how they move others. We will proceed in this essay by identifying three decisive moments in twentieth‐ and twenty‐first‐century textual scholarship, often conceptualized as “turns,” which are linked to the works of three path‐breaking authors and which at the same time represent three different stages or forms of textuality: the linguistic turn (Saussure), the turn to writing (Derrida), and the turn to print (Eisenstein). Our discussions of these three moments and forms of textuality aim at uncovering how they also represent seminal moments in Bruno Latour's development of the theoretical and methodological complex now referred to as ANT.     

戍边屯田等政治措施对海南岛文化发展的促进作用

海南岛文化的发展除了受海岛独特区域地理环境、行政建置变更、移民等因素的影响外,也多因国家政治措施的变更而产生不同影响。历代王朝戍边屯田等政策的实施,作为重要的治理手段和开发方略,在漫长农耕文化时期,通过农业经济的发展,对中原文化(如农田水利技术、建筑技艺等)在海南岛的传播和扩散起到积极的促进作用,并对海南区域文化的形成产生启迪和推动意义。文章探讨了历史时期戍边屯田及现代农垦等政治措施对海南文化发展带来的影响,以期对海南岛屿型区域文化的生成和发展寻求历史期开发政策措施方面的依据。     

TEXTS AND TRADITIONS IN CHINESE AND COMPARATIVE PHILOSOPHY

This article considers Quentin Skinner's critique and methodology in his seminal essay “Meaning and Understanding in the History of Ideas” vis-à-vis the current methodological debates in Chinese and comparative philosophy. It surveys the different ways in which philosophers who work with ancient Chinese texts in those related fields deal with the tension between textual contexts and autonomy and how some of the errors criticized by Skinner under the mythology of coherence, mythology of doctrines, mythology of parochialism, and mythology of prolepsis might apply to those fields. It argues that Skinner's insistence that understanding a text requires recovering its author's intended meaning by studying its linguistic context has limited application to Chinese and comparative philosophy because those fields’ most important texts are not best understood as means of communication by specific historical authors with intended messages to convey to readers. These texts are instead the means by which Chinese traditions perpetuate their respective beliefs and practices. Instead of being circumscribed by authorial intent, the meanings of traditional texts are dynamic and co-created in the process of producing, reproducing, and consuming texts as well as in the evolution of practices that also constitute each tradition. The meanings received by the audience are never exactly what authors or transmitters intended but have been transformed by each audience's own concerns and interests, even if the audience attempts to grasp what the former intended. Using the Five Classics and the Analects as examples, this article illustrates how such texts’ purposes to teach and perpetuate the practices that constitute a way of life determine their meanings. Understanding is not merely cognitive but practical as well. The meanings of such texts are not static but dynamic as traditions evolve. The debates about methods of reading and interpreting ancient Chinese texts are also debates about the nature of Chinese traditions and struggles over their futures.     

MORTALITY AND FAME IN AKKADIAN TEXTS

Not all topics can be treated in the same way. Some are too intimate or thorny to be discussed without precautions in our use of language. One of these topics is undoubtedly death, a timeless and placeless taboo in which psychological, religious, and social interdictions are embodied. The aim of this paper is to explore the linguistic devices that Akkadian speakers used to tone down the taboo and cope with death. To address the issue, written sources, belonging to different genres and time periods, are examined.     

批判视角下黄岩岛地名演变与权力关系分析

国内外地名研究的批判主义转向,注重地方命名时地方意义的生产、再生产以及争夺。文章以黄岩岛地名的演变为例,研究其地名变迁背后的政治博弈。研究表明：①黄岩岛的地名演变是中、西方话语体系下国际行为主体政治角力的过程。②中国的黄岩岛地名演变彰显的是中国对其无可争辩的主权;西方殖民者的黄岩岛地名演变展示近代以来对南海及其周边地区的殖民统治;菲律宾当局对黄岩岛的更名,谋求建构国家认同、侵占更多海洋岛礁资源。③地名是集体记忆解构与重构的纽带和国家权力博弈的指示物。中国对内应增强国家认同感和民族凝聚力,唤起中华民族的集体记忆,对外提升国际话语权,通过国际舞台阐释对南海主权维护的法理依据和坚强决心。     

试论人-地关系研究中的对称性问题

针对地理学在人地关系理论研究上日益被其他学科挤向边缘的现实危险,本文剖析后认为,根本的症结在于地理学对这一问题始终缺乏一个最能切合地理学学理特征的基本抽象范式。本文将人-地关系对置双方置于地理系统等级序列的框架内,从"分形论"、"界壳论"和"耗散结构论"的理论高度进行深入的讨论和审视,从而得出人-地关系的对称抽象原理。     

中国新石器时代的人地关系及其特点

地理环境对中国新石器时代文化的影响作用表现为对文化发展历程的影响、对文化发展速度的影响、对文化特征的影响、对文化格局的影响、对中华文明早期发生发展的影响等5个方面,中国新石器时代先民对于自然环境的利用与改造体现在农业生产活动的开展、采集渔猎经济的存在、家畜饲养业的发展、对居住地的选择、因地制宜的居宅建筑、生产生活用具的制造、对原有生态系统的干预等7个方面。新石器时代的人地关系具有人对地依赖性强、地对人制约严格、相互作用极为直接等特点。     

ON THE CONNECTION BETWEEN LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS IN THE CASPIAN SEA AND THE ARAL SEA

Although both the Caspian and Aral Sea basins are affected by fluctuations in the general moisture conditions affecting the Northern Hemisphere, the two drainage basins react differently to identical moisture changes both over the long term and over the short term. Over the short term, a shift in wet periods has been observed between the European part of the USSR, which contains the Volga basin draining into the Caspian, and western Asia, which contains the Aral Sea drainage basin. Since there is a direct relationship between general moisture conditions and level changes, the short-term level fluctuations would be heterochronous (out of phase) in the two seas. Over the long term, the comparison is complicated by the fact that Caspian drainage derives mainly from snow meltwater in the Russian plain while Aral Sea drainage derives from a combination of snow and glacier meltwater. Glacier runoff tends to increase in dry, warm periods and to decrease in wet, cold periods of glacier growth, while snow is related directly to general moisture conditions.     

海岛文化研究进展及展望

海岛型区域文化是有别于大陆区域文化的一种区域文化形式和类型。有关海岛文化的研究在国外始于20世纪70年代,近十多年来在我国也逐渐得到重视。本文通过对国内外相关文献的分析整理,试图对国内外海岛文化研究进展进行系统的述评,并探讨其研究视角、研究内容及研究方法方面的异同,以期对国内文化地理学的研究有所裨益。     

福建省海岛旅游的特点与开发利用设想

福建省具有十分丰富的海岛旅游资源,其开发利用近年来越来越为人们所重视。本文在实地调查的基础上,阐述了福建海岛旅游资源的基本类型和主要内容,从规模、功能、分布、组合等方面对其主要特点进行了分析和评价,指出了其开发利用中存在的主要问题,提出了以开发海滨沙滩为核心,以度假旅游为主要方向的福建海岛旅游资原开发利用的总体设想和对策措施。     

ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SECTORAL AND SPATIAL MANAGEMENT IN THE ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY OF THE USSR

The management system of the electric power industry of the USSR operates at two technological levels: a lower level of 92 regional power systems, each encompassing one or more oblast-type civil divisions or a small union republic; an upper level in which regional systems are combined into 11 unified power systems, where peak loads can be more easily moved between time zones. In addition there are electric power administrations within the RSFSR and ministries within the union republics, concerned mainly with administrative functions. Power administrations often do not coincide with unified systems, creating problems of efficient electric power management. Furthermore, the boundaries of unified power systems and power administrations often do not conform to the boundaries of major economic regions, which are used for current and long-term planning of the Soviet economy. This does not necessarily mean that the power systems are out of step with the economic regions. Soviet economic regionalization theory has long stressed the important region-shaping role of electric power systems. It may well be that in some cases, the boundaries of economic regions, not the power systems, require adjustment.     

陕西省经济发展与资源环境协调演进分析

经济与资源环境的协调发展是实现区域可持续发展的重要途径。在简要论述协调度、协调度模型及动态协调度的基础上,给出了协调度的计算方法和等级划分方式。并对陕西省1993-2005年的经济发展与资源环境的协调度、动态协调度进行计算,陕西省经济发展与资源环境协调度从1993年的0.269增长为2005年的0.815,从1993-1995年失调衰退阶段III经历了1996-2001年过度发展阶段II并最终达到了2002-2005年协调发展阶段I;动态协调度由1993年的0.146增长为2005年的0.531,呈持续稳步上升的态势,说明两系统动态协调度较好,趋于协调发展的轨迹上。     

基于购物出行的沈阳市居住与商业空间匹配关系研究

居住与商业空间是影响城市空间布局的重要因素.本研究利用空间分析法、高斯两步移动搜索法和不一致指数测度沈阳市居住与商业空间的分布、居民购物活动的可达性以及居住与商业空间的匹配关系.研究表明:①沈阳市居住设施具有中部强外围弱的空间集聚特征,南部外围居住设施数量较少、集聚程度较弱.②中部太原街、皇城、北站、兴工等都市商贸中心...     

我国沿海岛屿旅游发展与安全管理

本文分析了我国沿海岛屿旅游的类型与特点,总结了我国沿海岛屿旅游发展的三个阶段和旅游发展的三种模式;分析了岛屿旅游安全的特征、岛屿旅游安全表现形态和岛屿旅游存在的安全问题,提出了沿海岛屿旅游安全管理措施。     

基础设施建设水平与城乡生态经济系统发展的耦合分析——安康地区的实例研究

基础设施是一个多因素多层次的动态系统,随服务对象的不同,基础设施具有不同的概念和内涵。城市和乡村,都是在特定的自然环境基础上经过持续的文化、经济建设,而形成的社会、经济、自然复合生态系统。本文通过构建耦合关系分析模型,研究了两者之间的相互作用机理。     

河南省城市化与产业结构演变互动研究

文章在分析河南省城市化发展阶段性特征的基础上,对城市化和产业结构之间的变动关系进行了对比分析、相关分析和回归分析,并用Arcgis9.3以"产业结构演变城市化响应系数"为指标绘制地图,反映了河南省城市化与产业结构之间作用强弱的空间差异,分析表明,河南省城市化与产业结构存在严重偏差,原因在于城市化与产业结构的非协调发展和产业结构与就业结构的不合理发展;河南省的产业结构演变城市化响应呈现"西高东低"、"北高南低"的地理分布特征。最后针对问题提出了对策。     

基于手机数据的北京城市女性职住关系研究

自20世纪70年代以来，女性地理学的研究成为城市地理学关注的热点。本文基于2015年12月1日工作日涵盖所有交通出行方式的手机数据，采用核密度分析、回转半径、网络分析等方法，分别从市域、中心城区、就业集聚区三个空间尺度分析北京城市女性职住关系特征。研究发现：尺度影响女性职住关系特征，大尺度空间范围内的女性职住关系特征不显著；与工作在中心城区的女性相比，郊区女性的职住地联系较紧密；公共服务设施较为完善且以服务业为主导的工作地对女性就业者的吸引力更大。从工作地的角度探究女性职住关系特征，丰富了城市社会地理学和女性主义地理学的研究视角，其研究结果为人性化城市空间建构和设施配置提供理论依据。     

原始艺术与地理环境的关系

本文从地理学的角度对原始艺术进行了系统的研究。力图从原始艺术的侧面来揭示原始人类与地理环境的关系。     

济南与南京城市发展的比较与启示

目前,我国城市化进程已经进入快速发展的轨道,城市的健康发展对于我国全面建设小康社会、实现新世纪的强国之梦具有重大意义。但城市发展战略模式的不同会带来最终结果的显著差异。文章通过对济南和南京两个城市发展的长时间、多因子的深层次比较,阐述了在区位、自然条件、发展基础、发展契机等基本条件相似的情况下,两个城市在经济发展质量、城市建设、外向型经济、社会事业等方面的差异。根据分析结果和城市化发展规律,提出在新世纪初期为避免我国大城市发展可能出现的战略性失误,需要妥善处理质与量、表与里、古与新、城与乡四大关系,即城市经济应以质为主,质量融合;城市建设应以人为本,表里统一;城市形象应以特为先,古新交融;城乡一体应以城带乡,城乡互补。     

论人地关系的现代意义

1人地关系的再认识"人地关系"是古老的哲学命题。在中国古代,至少有三种人地关系的认识观。"人定胜天", "天不变,道亦不变" ,"天人合一"。