试析稻盛和夫的人生经历与经营哲学的形成

稻盛和夫(1932～)是一个成功的企业家,他所创建的两家企业：京瓷公司声名远播,第二电讯电话(简称为第二电电)公司现已跻身于世界500强,这在世界的企业家中也是罕见的。而探讨稻盛和夫获得成功的原因,无疑是经济研究、企业管理研究的一个重要课题。     

京瓷公司的双赢战略

稻盛和夫从事企业经营四十余年,取得了辉煌的成就。双赢的战略思想是稻盛和夫经营哲学的一个主要方面,也是京瓷公司取得成功的重要原因。“反稻盛事件”是京瓷公司双赢战略形成的契机。双赢主要表现在劳资双方的双赢和公司与竞争对手的双赢。本文将就京瓷公司的双赢战略展开论述,通过实例分析这一战略的特点以及在京瓷发展史上的作用。     

稻盛哲学对话〔连载一〕

这里译介的是作家加藤胜美与企业家稻盛和夫的对话。在轻松自然的气氛中 ,稻盛和夫从“孩子王时代”的琐事 ,谈到松风工业“修行”的岁月 ;从创立京瓷公司的前前后后 ,谈到第二电电的创建。不仅有助于我们了解稻盛和夫艰辛而充满创造快乐的创业道路 ,独特的经营理念、经营战略的形成过程 ,也可以让我们真切地感受到一个优秀企业领导者的所想与谈吐的个人风格。     

多元化经营--论稻盛和夫的经营策略

多元化是企业管理的重要问题。在四十多年的经营实践中,稻盛和夫不断延伸原有的陶瓷技术,开发新产品,使京瓷公司在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地。本文以京瓷公司为例,探讨企业多元化的前提条件、应遵循的原则等问题,以期为中国企业家提供相应的借鉴。     

经营何以需要哲学

本文依据稻盛和夫先生在“东北师范大学稻盛和夫经营哲学研究中心”成立庆典上的演讲稿整理,由日本京瓷公司提供,以飨读者。演讲地是：东北师范大学逸夫教学楼;演讲时间：2001年10月25日。     

西乡隆盛与大久保利通的行为模式对稻盛和夫的影响

鹿儿岛县在日本近现代历史上是英杰辈出的地方。最著名的当属“明治维新三杰”中的西乡隆盛、大久保利通,虽然他们的性格、命运有天壤之别,但两人都为日本近代化作出了不可磨灭的功绩。京瓷公司是当代日本与三菱、三井齐名的大企业,其创始人稻盛和夫也来自鹿儿岛县。     

稻盛哲学与京瓷的环保战略

稻盛和夫的哲学立足于企业经营,但又不局限于此。他的哲学还涉及到环境保护、技术开发、发达国家与发展中国家的关系等。稻盛和夫的共生循环思想回答了企业发展与环境保护的关系问题。这一思想付诸实践,就形成了京瓷公司的环保战略和日本的循环经济。     

创新：京瓷公司不断发展的动力

日本著名企业家稻盛和夫领导下的京都陶瓷公司,自1959年创业伊始,就把“创新”作为企业发展的核心理念,他扬长避短,大胆抛弃那些传统的管理理念,不断寻求企业创新,他在身无分文的情况下,凭借超凡的人格魅力和对开发新型陶瓷技术的执著追求,赢得出资人和创业伙伴们的鼎力支持,建立起了小小的京瓷公司,并带领着与他一起歃血为盟的伙伴,通过技术创新为这个“街道小厂”插上了腾飞的翅膀,发展成为今天不仅在日本,而且在世界上闻名遐迩的高科技陶瓷集团,为日本企业的发展和日本社会作出了重要贡献。     

《干法》读书讨论会纪要

东北师范大学日本研究所每学年都要开设＂稻盛和夫经营哲学研究＂的课程,讲授日本知名企业家稻盛和夫的人文理念、经营哲学和宗教精神。该课程力求理论联系实际,结合课堂讨论、企业经营录像等形式,向学生介绍京瓷公司和稻盛哲学的最新发展。2010年,稻盛和夫以78岁高龄出任日航CEO,随后推出了《干法》一书（华文出版社2010年5月）,这是稻盛和夫首次与普通读者分享工作心得。该书在日本多次再版。2010年11月16日,在＂稻盛和夫经营哲学研究＂的课堂上,同学们对这本书发表了自己的感想。本文由钟放根据发言记录整理而成。     

京瓷公司阿米巴经营的制度经济学分析

在京瓷公司成立5年后的1964年,为了保持公司的发展活力,稻盛和夫独创阿米巴经营方式——在生产过程中,把整个组织分成许多独立核算的小组。这种经营方式对京瓷公司的发展壮大产生了极为重要的影响。从制度经济学的视角看,作为一种制度,阿米巴经营在京瓷公司取得成功,关键在于它恰当安排了自利的动力机制和权威命令的动力机制,以及京瓷公司良好的制度环境。阿米巴经营在成功追求利他目标的同时,本身也有一定的局限性。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.