I WOULD LIKE IN A PRACTICAL WAY,TO SERVE THE MASSES:INTERVIEW WITH JAMPA PHUNTSOG,THE CHAIRMAN OF TAR

On May 16th,2003,Jampa Phuntsog,on wining the most votes at the second session of the eighth People's Congress of Tibetan Autonomous Region(TAR),was chosen to be the chairman of the government of TAR.Since then,the Khampa man from downtown Chamdu of TAR became the seventh chairman of the government of TAR,and the leader of 2.7 million people living on the snow-covered plateau. On January 30th,2007,the author kept an appointment at the Tibet Hotel in Beijing to hold an exclusive interview with Chairman Jampa Phuntsog,an ethnic Tibetan and university graduate.The interview was initially planed to take place in Lhasa,but just before setting off by airplane,the author was informed that Chairman Jampa Phuntsog was on his way to Beijing for a conference.Speaking with Chairman Jamp Phuntsog he agreed to change the interview to Beijing."This may save you a journey",Chairman Jampa remarked courteously. In the interview,Chairman Jampa Phuntsog gave a comprehensive introduction to TAR's status quo regarding development in recent years and added a brief of himself.     

LIVING IN TAR FOR HALF A CENTURY-AN INTERVIEW WITH JAMPA PHUNTSOG,VICE CHAIRMAN OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE OF NPC

<正>2015 marks the 50th anniversary of the founding of Tibet Autonomous Region(TAR).As a state leader born in an ordinary Tibetan family,Jampa Phuntsog has witnessed the changes and development throughout the50 years of TAR.He has undertaken official positions as Chairman of the TAR government and as Director of the Standing Committee of the regional People's Congress.Currently,     

QI ZHALA:A HEART IN CLOSE CONNECTION WITH THE MASSES

<正>In March of 2017,Beijing,just after the close of the annual conference of NPC and CPPCC,Qi Zhala,Chairman of the government of the Tibet Autonomous Region,received a joint interview from China's Tibet and Phoenix Satellite TV.The Highest Land Profoundly Attached to the Heart of the Chairman On January 15th,2017,during the fifth plenary session of the tenth People's Congress of the Tibet Autonomous Region,Qi Zhala was chosen as the Chairman of the regional government.Around the time of the 2017 Spring Festival,Qi Zhala paid two visits to remote areas in Nagqu under     

THE HISTORY OF EMOTIONS: AN INTERVIEW WITH WILLIAM REDDY,BARBARA ROSENWEIN,AND PETER STEARNS

The history of emotions is a burgeoning field—so much so, that some are invoking an “emotional turn.” As a way of charting this development, I have interviewed three of the leading practitioners of the history of emotions: William Reddy, Barbara Rosenwein, and Peter Stearns. The interviews retrace each historian's intellectual‐biographical path to the history of emotions, recapitulate key concepts, and critically discuss the limitations of the available analytical tools. In doing so, they touch on Reddy's concepts of “emotive,”“emotional regime,” and “emotional navigation,” as well as on Rosenwein's “emotional community” and on Stearns's “emotionology” and offer glimpses of each historian's ongoing research. The interviews address the challenges presented to historians by research in the neurosciences and the like, highlighting the distinctive contributions offered by a historical approach. In closing, the interviewees appear to reach a consensus, envisioning the history of emotions not as a specialized field but as a means of integrating the category of emotion into social, cultural, and political history, emulating the rise of gender as an analytical category since its early beginnings as “women's history” in the 1970s.     

MIGRATION AS A WAY TO DIVERSIFY: EVIDENCE FROM RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION IN THE U.S.

This paper extends the utility maximization model of migration by introducing income and unemployment‐related uncertainties as determinants of utility, and analyzes the effects of the informational advantages of migrants. The paper maintains that migration would expand an individual's economic choices and opportunities and allow diversification. Consequently, diversification advantages influence the location decisions of migrants, an effect captured by the correlation of incomes at the origin and potential destinations. We use the discrete choice model based on random utility maximization as the framework for our empirical investigation of migration from the United States rural to urban counties. This paper takes advantage of an equivalent relation between the conditional logit model and Poisson regression to study the migration decisions using aggregate data among a large set of spatial alternatives. The results show that the diversification concerns have significant effects on location decisions of the rural‐urban migrants in the United States.     

FEELING IS BELIEVING, OR LANDSCAPE AS A WAY OF BEING IN THE WORLD

This article is work‐in‐progress, an orientation of thought towards possibilities for individual human beings to diminish the distance between outer and inner landscapes imposed by cultural norms and happenstances such as exile. The dominance of visual landscapes and visual perceptions is seen as a pivotal problem, to be solved by the engagement of all the senses in landscape discourse and formation. All the senses are engaged in earliest childhood, as they have been in ‘primitive’ societies. While returning to either a state of childhood or primitivism is an impossible dream, it is possible to edge closer to human nature by engaging and honing all the senses, especially the ‘earth‐bound senses’ of feel, smell and taste. Cultivating those senses and developing discourse about them, and incorporating them into landscape formation and enjoyment, is much more difficult than having a discourse about sight and hearing, for which there is a rich and well‐developed symbolic language and which can be shared through various types of media. The way towards a deeper discourse about the earth‐bound senses, and the way out of the tyranny of the visual, is to be found in stories, as several thinkers suggest. The story told is autobiographical and literary – a mode of geographic writing that I developed in a 2004 book (Bunk?e 2004a), in which the complex dilemmas of home and road were explored. This article shows how in the early 1970s I defined the individual's landscape as ‘a unity in one's surroundings perceived through all the senses’, with imagination as the key human faculty. And I tell the story of how through complex circumstances, a visually and emotionally repugnant landscape became emotionally and intellectually attractive, with a scent, not a picture or image causing the initial attraction. The external and internal landscapes are thus unified, resulting in a sense of timelessness and placelessness of deep existential significance for the person.     

英国流行人文地理学导论教材之评述与借鉴

选取英国时下流行的两本人文地理学概论教材《人文地理概论》和《人文地理学导论:21世纪的议题》,分析了他们的优缺点,并与美国的同类教材进行了比较。《人文地理概论》基于后现代主义的理念,采用30人的大团队,全新的结构(基础+论题+背景三部分),试图展示当代人文地理学的多样性。后一本教材则以问题为导向,采用21人的大团队,充分利用地图、表格、照片、热点知识窗,用手册性著作的写法,全面展示了当代人文地理学的研究主题;缺点是视觉冲击力不够,缺乏对有关研究取向历史发展的论述。     

THE DOUBLE-AXE: A CONTEXTUAL APPROACH TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF A CRETAN SYMBOL IN THE NEOPALATIAL PERIOD

The Double-Axe has always been considered as one of the most important religious symbols in Minoan Crete. This paper reassesses the significance of the Double-Axe and puts forward a new interpretation for it. It recognizes the great potential for change in symbolic meanings during the Bronze Age and seeks to understand the Double-Axe in as narrow a period as is realistically possible by filtering out evidence from other periods. Central to the argument is the principle that the meaning of symbols is contextually dependent. It builds, therefore, a new interpretation of the Double-Axe on the basis of as wide a range of contextual associations as possible, both within iconographic sources and in the wider material record. From these contextual associations, it suggests that in the Neopalatial period the Double-Axe was a symbol primarily associated with a social group which exercised power in the economic, military and religious realms and that it became a solely religious symbol only later.     

A ROOM WITH A VIEW: AN EXAMINATION OF ROUND-HOUSES, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO NORTHERN BRITAIN

Summary. The arrangement of space is fundamental to architectural study. The physical structure of a building is the means of transforming and containing space. The spatial order thus created reflects and reinforces the relations between people. As such, changes in the spatial arrangement within and between buildings are seen as a means of detecting changes in social organization at a domestic level. Approaches to the study of settlement space and later prehistoric buildings are reviewed and form the basis for a re-examination of prehistoric round-houses in northern Britain. Particular emphasis is placed on the various activities that were carried out in these buildings. The reorganization of space within settlements at times of political and economic pressure is also considered.     

THE TRANSITION TO A SOCIETY WITH A STATE IN THE SOUTH EAST OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA (6th–4th CENTURY BC)

Summary. From the 6th century BC onwards the Iberian culture, with its strong and deep Mediterranean roots, developed along practically the whole of the east coast of Spain, in eastern Andalusia, and part of the Ebro valley, being most clearly defined between the 5th and 3rd centuries BC. An example in the South East of the Iberian Peninsula is one of those which most clearly displays its character.
This paper (a summary of my doctoral thesis, Madrid 1988) concentrates on the middle of the Segura basin, in what are known as the western and eastern districts of Murcia and the pre-coastal depression of Murcia. It is a region which has its own cultural and geographical identity, while offering a minimum of published data, sufficiently significant for bibliographical review, which makes it possible to maintain the historical hypothesis put forward.