战时制造“无声武器”的工厂——豫鄂边区建设银行印钞厂始末记述

李先念同志在领导豫鄂边区抗日根据地的斗争中,称当时发行的“豫鄂边区建设银行币”(亦称“边币”)为“无声的武器”,充分显示出了中国根据地战时货币在当时特定的条件下团结人民、鼓舞斗志,打击敌人的巨大作     

豫鄂边区建设银行币几个问题的研究

豫鄂边区抗日根据地是中原地区中国共产党领导下地域比较广阔,战略地位比较重要的一块抗日民主根据地。由该边区建设银行发行的建设银行币（又称边币）,为根据地的政权建设、军事斗争、服务民生,乃至最后夺取抗日战争的全面胜利,立下不可磨灭的历史功绩,被李先念称为抗日斗争中“无声的武器”。现就豫鄂边区建设银行币的发行时间和种类版别,币本位制的确定过程,后期通货膨胀的原因,以及解决通货膨胀的措施等几个重要问题,初步研究并简述如下。     

欣赏抗币 不忘国耻

所谓边币、抗币,是指抗日战争时期边区及抗日民主根据地发行的革命货币。它们见证了中国人民八年抗战的艰苦历程,至今已有六七十年历史,目前存世极稀,甚为珍贵。笔者现将多年所集的部分边币、抗币展示如下,以飨读者。     

淮北抗币壹圆券与淮北地方银号

抗币：即抗日货币之意。是中国共产党领导下的八路军,新四军开辟的敌后抗日根据地所发行的货币,统称边币或抗币。具体地说：八路军开辟华北敌后根据地,一般称边币;新四军开辟的华中敌后根据地,一般称抗币。     

试论抗日战争时期的边币

抗日战争时期，中国共产党领导的各边区和抗日根据地先后发行了500多种货币。如陕甘宁边币、晋察冀边币、西北农民币、豫鄂币、大江币、江南币、北海币等。其中，陕甘宁边区银行发行的边币数量最大，时间最长，影响最广。边币发行后，引起了当时我国货币金融学界的关注，并进行了相关研究。在抗日战争胜利60年之际，重新回顾边币，我们会有比较客观实际、全面准确的认识，而且还会受到有益的启示。     

谈豫皖苏边区货币

豫皖苏边区包括豫东十三县,皖北八县,苏北三县,纵跨江淮、华北两大平原,位于淮河以北,陇海、津浦、平汉三条铁路之间,为贯通东西南北、纵横千里的战略要地,是威震敌胆,名传遐迩的敌后抗日根据地。八年抗战期间,在根据地的广大区域内,不仅建立了较稳定的抗日民主政府,而且先后发行了各种抗日货币,为巩固和扩大抗日根据地,繁荣边区经济、稳定边区金融,打败日本侵略者立下了不可磨灭的历史功绩,在我国革命货币斗争史上,谱写了光辉灿烂的一页。     

从晋察冀边区币到人民币

<正>晋察冀边区是中国共产党在抗日战争时期最早创建的敌后抗日根据地,在党中央和边区政府的领导下创建的晋察冀边区银行是敌后抗日根据地的第一家银行,在开展对敌货币斗争,扶植和发展边区经济,保证军需,支援抗日战争     

华中抗日根据地人民货币发展情况及历史经验研究

正抗日战争时期(1937年7月-1945年8月)是人民货币由奠定基础到发展壮大的时期,华北、西北、华中、华南等抗日根据地都建立了金融机构,发行货币。其中,华中地区各银行发行的货币,简称抗币。本文主要研究了华中各抗日根据地人民货币的发展情况及货币斗争的多种形式,并总结了人民货币斗争取得胜利的历史经验。一、华中各抗日根据地的货币发行情况华中抗日根据地位于江淮河汉之间,包括了江苏省的绝大部分,安徽、湖北的大部分,以及     

抗战后期南通地区发行的主要几种小抗币考述

<正>引言:所谓"抗币",也叫"边币"、"边票"。是指在抗日战争时期,中国共产党领导的各抗日根据地所发行的货币。随着抗日形势的迅速发展,根据地不断扩大,市场对抗币需求量增加,南通地区发行的主抗币——江淮币已经不能满足市场的需要。南通地区抗日民主政府为增加抗币筹码,加强江淮银行币的力量,在1942年至1945年初,发行过多种流通券、代价券、本票,作为抗币的辅助币,人们亲切地称它为"小抗币",小抗币对缓解市场货币的紧张局势,     

抗日战争中的中日货币之战

1937年7月7日,日本军队攻打卢沟桥,开始了全面的侵华战争。在八年抗战中,主要的交战三方各有不同的货币在战争中流通。中国共产党领导的抗日根据地流通的是各根据地抗日民主政府发行的货币,简称为边币(抗币)。国民党统治区流通的是国民党政府发行的法币。     

THE TIME OF THE SELF AND THE TIME OF THE OTHER

What is time? This essay offers an attempt to think again about this oldest of philosophical questions by engaging David Hoy's recent book, The Time of Our Lives: A Critical History of Temporality, which proposes a “history of time‐consciousness” in twentieth‐century European philosophy. Hoy's book traces the turn‐of‐the‐century debate between Husserl and Bergson about the different senses of time across the various configurations of hermeneutics, deconstruction, poststructuralism, and feminist theory. For him, what is at stake in such a project is to distinguish between the scientific‐objective “time of the universe” and the phenomenology of human temporality, “the time of our lives.” Hoy's approach is to organize his book around the three tenses of time—past/present/future—and to view objective‐scientific time as derived from the more primordial forms of temporalizing lived experience that occur in our interpretation of time. In my reading of Hoy's work, I attempt to explore how “time” (lived, experiential, phenomenological) can be read not in terms of “consciousness” (Hoy's thematic), but in terms of the self's relationship with an Other. That is, my aim is less to establish a continental tradition about time‐consciousness, understood through the methods of genealogy, phenomenology, or critical theory, than it is to situate the problem of time in terms of an ethics of the Other. In simple terms, I read Hoy's project as too bound up with an egological interpretation of consciousness. By reflecting on time through the relationship to the Other rather than as a mode of the self's own “time‐consciousness,” I attempt to think through the ethical consequences for understanding temporality and its connection to justice.     

人地关系观、规划观的历史轨迹初探——兼论城市规划观的未来趋向

本文探讨了人地关系观及规划观的历史演变,结合后现代主义思潮,对城市规划今后发展方向提出一系列建议。     

“中华民国中央银行钞票”揭秘

“中华民国中央银行钞票”存世极少,十分珍贵。其面值见有壹元、五元两种(插二下),其中壹元票长144,宽89mm;五元票长160,宽92mm。钞票正面,上端均为篆书“中华民国中央银行钞票”、下侧均有篆书“中央银行发行”字样,中间则分别为隶书“壹元”或“五元”之面值,四角分别有“壹”和“1”或“五”和“5”的面值数,底纹均为由无数“中央银行”小字纵向排列而成的放光芒图案;钞票背面,中间分别为“壹元”或“五元”面值,面值两侧分别有“1”或“5”字面值数。吴筹中先生曾在1990年第三期《中国钱币》上刊出过一张五元票的黑白图版,当时他认为是…     

THE LOCATION OF THE TREASURY OF ATREUS

Summary.   The Treasury of Atreus, the largest and most impressive of the nine tholos tombs found at Mycenae, stands by itself at the southern edge of a bowl in the east slope of the Panagia ridge. This paper argues that the tomb was constructed on this particular spot so that it would be seen from the trackways/roads that led to Mycenae from the east, south-east and south-west and from the main pathway to the palace. The view of the acropolis hill and Mt. Profitis Ilias from the space occupied by the earthen mound above the tholos also appears to have influenced the choice of location. It is suggested that the position of the Treasury of Atreus was, like the tomb itself, a political statement, calculated to show that the ruler who built the tomb succeeded in extending the territory of Mycenae across the central Argolid.     

THE STATUE OF THE GOODESS OF MERCY

TheGoddessofMercyinthePotalaPalace,measuring93cmhighand10cmwide,enjoysfameasgreatasthestatueofSakyamuni,thefounderofBuddhismintheJokhangMonaSteryThisisbecausetheTibetansbelievetheGoddessofMercyisthegoddessfromwhomSongtsanGambowasreincamatedtosavetheTibetans.CreatedintheearlydaysoftheTuboKingdom,thestatuehasbeenstandinginthePotalaPalaceformorethan1,360years.Althoughitsufferedfromtheransackingthatfollowedeachwar,itwasretumedtothepalacemiraculouslyintheend.DuringthereignofTuboKingDarmaW…     

THE CENTENNIAL OF THE FOUNDING OF THE ASKANIYA-NOVA NATURE RESERVE

This article traces the history of the creation and early precarious existence of the oldest Soviet nature reserve, Askaniya-Nova in the Ukraine, and represents part of the ongoing Soviet re-assessment of environmental history in that country (for a Western view, see [60]). It describes the protracted conflict between preservationist and utilitarian perspectives on land use in the reserve, the latter gaining ascendancy during the 1930s under Lysenko and Stalin. Of special interest is coverage of post-war “restoration” at the reserve, or more specifically, the continuation of less than ideal conditions up to the present (translated by Elliott B. Urdang, Providence, RI 02906).     

尼罗河畔文明物语

<正>尼罗河是埃及的母亲河,准确说更是生命线,一条郁郁葱葱的绿色生命线,置于茫茫的沙漠之中。埃及90%的人口,生活在这全国1/30国土的尼罗河畔。这条河见证了埃及古老文明的形成和兴旺,主导了两岸生灵的繁荣与衰落。跟随这条河,人们在历史的时空穿梭,跨过河上河下,遍看古代现代,游走神庙田舍,拥抱沙漠绿洲。我们在阿斯旺下火车,行李直接就送到斯蒂芬妮游轮了,我们要在尼罗河上航行三日,这是期盼许久的心念。有多久呢?算起来有40年了。自从1978年电影《尼罗河上的惨案》     

PROBLEMS OF THE LEVEL OF THE CASPIAN AND THE STABILITY OF ITS SHORELINE

The first of two papers on the problem of forecasting the level of the Caspian Sea evaluates factors widely believed to have been responsible for its lowering during much of the present century (including tectonic movements, climatic cycles, human activity). It concludes that previous forecasts have been inaccurate because of the failure to adequately model the complexity of processes involved, specifically the internal mechanisms of “self-regulation” of water levels. Continuation of the recent slight rise in the Caspian's level is predicted at least into the early 1990s (translated by Andrew R. Bond).