World Cities and Global Change: Observations on Monumentality in Urban Design

A prominent urban geographer presents a sweeping review essay on monumentality in the urban design of world cities. After outlining a number of the large, grand urban plans and projects of the past and present, he focuses on the four components of monumental urban design: comprehensive conceptions of legible urban form; iconic buildings; integrated urban transportation hubs; and planned downtown and midtown redevelopment projects. Concentrating on the trends prevailing at present and over the near future, the author notes factors that may exert a special impact on emerging world cities in Russia and China and argues for the importance of process in the geography of monumentality. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O18, R51, R53. 14 figures, 37 references.     

人文地理研究能为制订国家政策作贡献：——以城市发展方针研究为例

本文综述了我国关于城市发展方针的争论和最新动态。作者以自己多年来围绕中国城市发展方针的研究为例,说明人文地理学能够为国家制订政策作贡献。其感受是要敢于面对问题;通过深入研究,有站得住脚的观点;要坚持不懈,不怕坐冷板凳。     

近代青岛城市规划与城市发展关系的历史研究及启示

青岛是中国近代城市中按规划建设发展起来的典型代表,在城市的形成和发展过程中,城市规划与城市发展体现了良好的互动关系。历史研究显示,合理的城市规划是城市发展的前提,对城市性质、城市空间形态、城市形象、城市经济活动乃至城市社会结构等方面都发挥具体的作用。近代青岛不仅用事实证明城市规划与城市发展的关系,而且对今天的城市规划工作,无论从进一步认识城市规划的作用,还是具体到规划的制订与实施等方面都有若干启示。     

近70年来中国历史城市地理研究进展

历史城市地理是历史地理学的重要分支之一.近70年来,中国历史城市地理研究经历了奠基与探索、缓滞、复苏与拓展、深化与融合等发展阶段,在研究内容拓展、理论与方法总结、新技术探索等方面取得了长足进步和丰硕成果,促进了中国历史地理学的整体发展.基于近70年来历史城市地理领域的代表性研究论著,总结了中国历史城市地理研究的阶段性特...     

历史文化名城如何修志——以《敦煌志》为例

《敦煌志》创造发展了坊志的一种新的类型——历史文化名城志。学者修志是中国的优秀传统。新版《敦煌志》继承并发扬了这一传统,聘请李正宇等著名敦煌学家担任顾问,指导修志工作。李正宇先生大大增加古代敦煌记述内容,凸现敦煌历史文化名城特色,具体对待“详今略古”原则等修志思想在编纂实践中得到了贯彻落实。陈国灿、郑炳林和李并成等先生也指导了该志的编修工作,对其中的古代部分纠谬补阙,从而增加了志稿的学术份量,提高了志稿内容的科学性,使该志成为继1994年版《敦煌市志》之后新编方志中的又“一株奇葩”。     

唯物史观视野中的历史必然性问题

历史必然性是唯物史观理论体系所要论证的核心问题之一。历史必然性思想具有重要的本体论和认识论依据,历史必然性与人的历史主动性有逻辑关联,历史必然性与偶然性之间存在着辩证统一的关系,强调历史必然性思想是人类推动社会进步的强大理论武器,在未来预测中具有重要的科学意义。     

Monumentality in Urban Design: The Case of Russia

A prominent American urban geographer and observer of the Russian urban scene provides an overview of grand planning and monumental urban design in Russia and the former Soviet Union through the lens of four themes outlined in a previous paper by Larry Ford (2008). In the process, he adds two more themes relevant to Russia and the former USSR: town building and architecture intended to define and legitimize state power, and the shaping or remodeling of society to reflect a regime's ideology. Noting the obstacles in the West to getting large urban projects planned, accepted, and completed, he argues that monumental urban landscapes appear to demand some degree of sustained, centralized, authoritarian leadership. The latter has been present in Russia and the USSR during much of the past millennium, including the present, but the emergence of new commercial/corporate forces in urban land development also bears scrutiny in studies of the processes promoting urban monumentality. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O18, R14, R52. 10 figures, 44 references.     

城市历史文化研究中几个理论性问题的刍荛之见

城市之历史文化,是城市发展之重要资源。本文就当前城市历史文化研究中几个重要但研究又较为薄弱的理论问题,即研究城市历史文化的意义与作用、关于历史城市之界定,城市历史文化研究的主要内容进行了阐述,提出了具体见解;以期深入推进城市历史文化之理论性与实证性研究工作。     

对历史文化名城旅游开发的探索和思考

历史文化名城记载着城市的发展信息、蕴涵着深厚的历史文化,是我国古代城市规划建设的典范,也是全人类的宝贵财富。今天,越来越多的历史文化名城正在成为闻名遐尔的旅游热点城市．但在旅游开发过程中也出现了一些不恰当的建设行为,从而导致历史文化遗产遭到破坏。因此,必须在有效保护历史文化名城这一珍贵的资源的前提下充分发挥其城市的旅游功能。本文通过对历史文化名城旅游开发的理论基础、空间模式选择及管理体制建设等内容的阐述,对构建完整的历史文化名城旅游开发体系进行了有益的探索。     

城市旅游地游客重游动机实证研究——以厦门市为例

本文以厦门这一典型的城市旅游地为例,在文献回顾、网络文本分析和深度访谈的基础上,基于纵向比较的视角,通过实地的问卷调研和深度访谈,对城市旅游地游客的重游动机进行了实证研究。本研究通过因子分析将厦门城市旅游地游客的重游动机归纳为7项动机因子;通过聚类分析,基于动机的差异将重游游客划分为怀旧型、外界驱动型、猎奇补缺型和分享型4个类型。文章最后针对厦门城市旅游的发展提出了若干建议。     

Wall-Base Ventilation System to Control Rising Damp: A Case Study of Vilar de Frades Historical Church in Portugal

Moisture transfer in the walls in direct contact with the ground leads to the migration of soluble salts, which are responsible for many building pathologies. The treatment of rising damp in historical heritage walls is a very complex procedure. The traditional techniques currently used to minimize rising damp are, in most cases, slight effective or too expensive, especially when dealing with walls of considerable thickness and/or heterogeneous materials such as the historical monuments. The main purpose of this work is to present the experimental results of the rising damp treatment conducted, over 3 years, in the Vilar de Frades Church, in northern Portugal, using the wall-base ventilation technology. The results showed that, for this particular climate conditions, the best solution is to operate seasonally, with outside air admitted to the system during summer months and inside air admitted to the system during winter months.     

Multidisciplinary Cooperation in GIS Education: A Case Study of US Colleges and Universities

This paper examines the degree of multidisplinary cooperation for Geographic Information Science (GIS) education programs that award GIS-related degrees or certificates at US colleges and universities. We classified departments and courses into ten major disciplines using Dewey Decimal Classification. In the 2007–2008 academic year, approximately 40 per cent of GIS education programs related to multiple disciplines and nearly 20 per cent were involved with more than three disciplines. Geography was the major provider of GIS education programs, but the ratio between geography-related discipline and other disciplines combined was approximately 1:3. Fostering multidisciplinary GIS education programs should strengthen geography in general as well as GIS education.     

西方人口史研究新进展述评

20世纪中叶以来 ,西方在人口史研究方面取得了巨大进展 ,还采用了新的研究方法。这些成果不仅提供了对近代人口普查前的各国人口数量和结构等基本状况的描述 ,而且增进了历史学对一些重大问题的理论探讨 ,拓宽了历史学的视野和领域。     

Population Distribution and Spatial Structure in Transitional Chinese Cities: A Study of Nanjing

Two geographers use population surface model techniques to analyze the distribution of population in Chinese cities. Focusing on Nanjing, they utilize detailed urban land use and building distribution data to develop a productive alternative method to reveal spatial variations in the distribution of inhabitants. The findings indicate that despite suburbanization, Nanjing remains a compact city with a population density that declines rapidly as distance from its central business district increases. Also, suburbanization has been limited to an inner area where population is densely distributed while commercial and office development is less prominent. Lastly, commercial activities influence the distribution of urban inhabitants and suburbanization more significantly than industrial development in suburbia. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O15, O18, R12, R14. 9 figures, 3 tables, 37 references.     

以虹口公园为例论都市公园之命名

都市公园是都市重要旅游资源。都市公园命名是旅游文化、都市文化、地名文化之重要课题。本文以上海著名旅游景观虹口公园（鲁迅公园）园名问题为例,从个性与共性两大方面探讨都市公园之命名。     

In Search of Causality: A Regional Approach to Urban Growth in Eighteenth-century England

The simple equation of industrialisation and urbanisation contains much truth: recent national surveys confirm that rapid coal-based industrial growth spawned massive urban development in Britain. And yet at the local level a wide diversity of growth experiences reflect a complex and overlapping nexus of growth stimuli which defy attempts at generalisation. In taking a regional perspective, this paper seeks to occupy a productive middle ground in this ongoing debate. Placing urban growth in north-west England into its real economic and geographical context, it recognises the complexities of urban growth but transcends the narrowness of the particular. In so doing, it challenges some of the certainties of industrial urbanisation, emphasising instead the importance of rural industry, urban commercial functions and inter-place linkages. Most fundamentally, it argues for a more nuanced understanding of the geography of causality.     

都市侨乡：侨乡研究新命题

本文提出侨乡研究应当包括乡村侨乡和都市侨乡两大部分,并以广州市为例,论述了都市侨乡的研究范围、特点、重点研究问题及研究意义。     

安顺城市文化景观溯源及文化特色探析

安顺拥有丰富的城市文化景观,这些文化景观是安顺城市历史文化的载体,是安顺历史文脉的延续。本文对《贵州通志》、《安顺府志》、《续修安顺府志》三本志书所载"安顺八景"进行溯源,认为安顺城市文化景观具有历史的传承性和时代的更新性,这是一个城市文化进行延续和发展的内在力量。在此基础上,探讨了安顺城市文化的地域特色,希冀安顺在保护城市文化特色的同时,能在城市新区的建设中,延续安顺城市文脉和地域特色。     

从“三位一体”到“四位一体”——中国特色社会主义事业总体布局的历史演变

改革开放以来,中国特色社会主义事业总体布局在理论上经历了由经济建设、政治建设、文化建设三位一体的初步形成到逐步明确,再到经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设四位一体的渐进发展过程。在工作安排上,社会建设的具体内容一直不同程度地体现在总体布局之中,越来越为党和国家所重视。随着我国经济社会的发展,三位一体总体布局中社会建设具体内容的边缘性和模糊性,客观上要求突破总体布局原有的框架。四位一体总体布局是对我国社会主义初级阶段社会主要矛盾认识深化的必然结果,是应对社会变革和发展新特征的理论创新,是解决经济社会发展不协调问题的必然要求。     

学科共识、认知美德和学者角色——化解历史知识客观性问题的新思路

通常而言,客观性是客体的属性和特征,与主观性相对立。以此为对照,历史知识的客观性问题就展现为历史实在论与历史相对主义之间的辩难,难分仲伯。换一种思路而言,当代新实用主义历史哲学家则认为客观性与主观性是可区分但不可分离的整体,在横向结构上,历史知识的客观性是"自我、他者与世界"共在的语义三角,在纵向历程上,历史知识的客观性也是一个不断辩证发展的过程。在社会认识论或史学社会学的视野下,在自我与他者所组成的学术共同体之中,历史知识的客观性就具有了规范性的涵义。历史知识作为一种公共性的知识,历史知识的客观性就是历史学家群体之间所签订的"真之契约",是历史学家群体不断协商和试错出来的学科共识,同时也需要史家的认知美德和学者角色提供担保。