世界旅游新发展和旅游基本法建设

本文对制订旅游基本法所处的世界旅游发展新形势重新作了概括,进而阐述了世界各国制订旅游基本法的主要情况,同时重点阐述了世界各国旅游基本法的主要内容。文章对旅游基本法和其它旅游法规的关系也作了论述。     

Capacity for Freedom – Using a New Poverty Measure to Look at Regional Differences in Living Standards within Australia

Using a recently developed measure of multidimensional poverty, the Freedom Poverty Measure, the difference in poverty rates of major cities, inner regional, and other areas have been compared. The population living in ‘other areas’ had the highest proportion of individuals living in freedom poverty. Those in inner regional areas (P = 0.0303) and those in major cities (P < 0.0001) were significantly less likely to be in freedom poverty than those in ‘other areas’. However, when breaking the analysis down to look at the different poverty rates for different age groups across the three regional classifications, it was found that there was no difference in the likelihood of being in freedom poverty between children in inner regional and other areas, adults in inner regional and other areas, and older people in inner regional and other areas. This may indicate that the disadvantage experienced by those living in regional centres has been overlooked in the past and is an emerging contemporary issue for health and education equity as well as economic equality.     

深圳与全国区域经济联系的测度及分析——基于人口迁移模型的研究

深圳工业化过程中同全国各省区建立起了资金、技术、市场以及人才(包括劳动力)方面的广泛联系。本文基于外来人口指标,构建了深圳户籍人口迁移模型,并加以测度及分析,从人口迁移角度得出以下结论:首先,深圳同全国各省区经济联系强度与两地的人口规模成正比;其次,与两地的交通距离成反比;第三,深圳与全国的经济联系呈辐射状的圈层结构;第四,外来户籍人口数与两地收入差距相关性不明显。进而分析了形成这种联系格局的其他影响因素,并对深圳加强与全国区域经济联系提出政策建议。     

斯图亚特王朝早期议会与王权的斗争

斯图亚特王朝早期(1603-1642),以国王为代表的王权与以资产阶级和新贵族为代表的议会之间围绕着王室财政、宗教、外交及议会自身权利等问题,由矛盾到冲突,再到决裂,呈现逐步升级之态势。从斗争全过程来看,王权与议会斗争的实质是主权之争,而以议会处于强势为特征。议会之所以能在斗争中处于强势地位,根本原因在于人民群众斗争的推动。     

Thinking the other,thinking otherwise: Levinas’ conception of responsibility

ABSTRACT

Probably no other philosopher described the encounter with the other (human being) in a more radical way than Emmanuel Levinas. This led him to a new interpretation of responsibility as origin of all our ethical obligations towards others. He put into question a philosophical tradition of thought he accused of taking the ego as sole origin of all foundation of meaning. In this paper, I begin by outlining Levinas’ criticism of the occidental tradition of thought to explain the place of the other in his writings. I go on to explicate Levinas’ peculiar understanding of ‘responsibility for the other’. I will show how important it is in Levinas’ work not to isolate the question of responsibility from the question of justice. Finally, I examine what other capabilities would be required in order to act in a responsible and just way.     

装伦训诸和幽土文物的哭系

考古学是根据实物史料研究人类历史的学科,训诂学是面对传世文献的一门综合性研究学科。本文从考古和训诂两方面结合实例阐述了出土文物和训诂之间互为补充,互为验证,互为依存的关系。从而证明了充分利用出土文献来检验历代训诂工作的正误是一项意义深远的工作,以及掌握训诂学专业知识对考古工作者的重要性。     

Levinas's beginnings: ethics,politics, and origins

It is commonplace in philosophy, political theory, and theology to speak of the other and the problem of the identity of the West. No one has done as much to foreground the language of the other in recent years as Emmanuel Levinas, whose works have sparked a renewed interest in ethics across the humanities. Moreover, few have advanced as forceful a critique of European otherness, not only its exclusivity (whereby the other is marginalized) but also its hegemony (whereby the other is absorbed). I explore Levinas's critique of Western ethical thought in order to try to pinpoint what exactly he offers to post‐Hegelian reflection on the other, focusing on his insistence that equality must be grounded in the asymmetry of ethics. The question is: does this take one further than Europe, modernity, the West? If so, where is one thereby going? If not, what is novel or important in these claims?     

Late Holocene Neotropical agricultural landscapes: phytolith and stable carbon isotope analysis of raised fields from French Guianan coastal savannahs

This paper summarizes phytolith analyses from four pre-Columbian agricultural raised-field sites of the coastal savannahs of French Guiana—Savane Grand Macoua, Piliwa, Bois Diable and K-VIII—and carbon isotope analyses from the first-named site. The combined phytolith and ¹³C isotope analyses evidence the transformation of the landscape from a relatively homogeneous wetland vegetation comprised of a mixture of C4 and C3 plants (the latter including Cyperaceae and other herbaceous monocots such as Marantaceae and Heliconia, Oryzoideae grasses, and other plants typical of frequently flooded areas) to the construction of raised fields that were dominated by C4 plants (maize and other Panicoideae grasses). Our analysis proves the utility of phytoliths for tracing the agricultural history of landscapes, showing that, as in other parts of the Central and South American lowlands, maize (Zea mays) was one important crop cultivated in raised fields. We also estimated the productivity of raised-field agriculture, showing that in combination with other subsistence activities, it certainly had the capacity to sustain sizeable populations.     

4. MEDITERRANEAN HISTORY AS GLOBAL HISTORY

Mediterranean history, and the history of other closed seas, is seen here as the experience of those who traversed the sea and arrived as decentered aliens on the other side. Mainly these have been men, with merchants generally as pioneers who introduced the goods, ideas, and religion of one region to another. From antiquity onwards, port cities such as Carthage, Alexandria, Smyrna, and Livorno acted as links among the three continents facing the Mediterranean, and visitors from other lands were sometimes free to roam, sometimes ghettoized.     

A Realist Response to the Appeal for Pacifism

Abstract

Political philosophy is a discipline related to all other disciplines in a manner that prevents it from becoming autonomous but at the same time not absorbed into other disciplines. When political philosophy ceases to be itself, other disciplines rush in to take its place and thereby themselves undermine their own being.     

北京入境旅游流分级扩散模式及动力机制分析

在总结我国入境旅游流空间流动模式的基础上,依托市场调查和权威部门统计数据,以北京入境旅游流为研究节点,对其分级扩散模式和动力机制进行了分析。从结果来看,北京入境旅游流的一级扩散受到旅游者动机及我国旅游形象的影响,主要流向陕西、上海、辽宁和广东等省市;北京入境旅游流的二级扩散主要表现为两个方面特征,一是东部沿海地区的二级扩散旅游流主要流向为直接出境,二是西部内陆地区的旅游流主要扩散方向为东部沿海口岸省市;总体来看,目前以北京为口岸的入境旅游流还依托着我国传统的精品旅游线路进行扩散和流动,其他新兴目的地对入境旅游流的吸引作用还相对较弱;北京入境旅游流扩散主要受到内驱力、推力、拉力和阻力的共同作用,其中内驱力最为明显,而随着旅游流的扩散的不断延续一级时间的推移旅游流动力因素逐渐减弱,阻力因素不断增强,总体呈现出旅游流流势的距离、时间衰减效应。     

Hospitality and Hope

Abstract

Major currents within contemporary continental thought have been significantly influenced by the psychoanalytic tradition, particularly via Jacques Lacan. Thus a pervasive stream of thought conceives of the relationship between self and other as one characterized primarily by conflict, threat, or lack. This reading has often been taken as paradigmatic and broadened to include relations between societies. If not challenged, this paradigm undermines any cause for hope that society might be structured in terms other than us/them, insider/outsider. Jacques Derrida’s work opens up a way to think differently, training our attention on the essential affirmation of the other that underlies all human experience. The central thesis of this paper is that the developmental theory of Jean Piaget, read against the grain of how his work has often been appropriated, lends robust support to this more hopeful reading, highlighting a self constituted in and by orientation to the other. Currents within contemporary developmental psychology provide substantial support for this more hopeful and hospitable image of self and other.     

Illegal fishing and Australian security

The security impact of illegal fishing is not well understood. Where illegal fishing is recognised as a security problem, the focus has been on fish as a natural resource, the depletion of which can have impacts on food security, individual livelihoods, and the economic survival of states relying on illegal fishing. We argue that a focus on fish as a natural resource obscures the other security challenges the crime of illegal fishing poses to Australia. As this paper explains, illegal fishing overlaps with drug, human, weapon and other contraband trafficking and smuggling; irregular maritime arrivals; and maritime piracy. In addition, like other easily transported, high value resources, illegal fish can fund insurgencies and other types of political violence. Understanding illegal fishing as a security challenge will improve Australia’s national security policy. First, it acknowledges fish as a vital natural resource, implicated in economic, ecological, and human security; second, it analyses how illegal fishing interlinks with other maritime crimes; third, it challenges the effectiveness of monitoring and enforcement of illegal fishing; fourth, it presents an opportunity for effective regional cooperation; and finally it highlights the benefits of regional cooperation in responding to illegal fishing.     

天然材料在丝织品文物清洗保护中的应用综述

以古鉴今,为发掘古代传统清洗方法中的科学、合理成分,解决现代化学洗涤剂清洗丝织品文物产生的易损伤、易残留、污染大的问题;简要回顾了皂苷、淀粉等植物活性成分,胰子、油脂等动物提取物,草木灰、天然碱等矿物质以及微生物酶等天然材料在古代日常清洗和古书画清洗中的应用记载;并简单介绍了天然材料在清洗丝织品文物血迹、脂肪等有机污染物、微生物霉斑、矿物质类无机污染物上的应用进展。清洗效果评估说明,天然材料对丝织品文物的损伤小,适用于其清洗保护,是对丝织品文物清洗保护的一个重大进步。     

1. INTRODUCTION: MULTIPLE TIMES AND THE WORK OF SYNCHRONIZATION

In this essay, which introduces the History and Theory forum on Multiple Temporalities, I want to discuss how the existence of a plurality or a multiplicity of times has been conceptualized in the historiographical tradition, partly by entering into a dialogue with recent writers, historians, philosophers, sociologists, anthropologists, and literary scholars, partly by returning to the eighteenth century, to the origin of “the modern regime of historicity” (Hartog). In these theoretical and historical investigations I aim to do two things: on the one hand, to explore and discuss different ways of conceptualizing multiple times, in terms of nonsynchronicities, layers of time, or natural and historical times; on the other hand, to trace how these multiple times have been compared, unified, and adapted by means of elaborate conceptual and material practices that I here call “practices of synchronization.” From the eighteenth century onward, these synchronizing practices, inspired by, but by no means reducible to, chronology have given rise to homogeneous, linear, and teleological time, often identified as modern time per se, or simply referred to as “progress.” In focusing on the practices of synchronization, however, I want to show how this regime of temporality during its entire existence, but especially at the moment of its emergence in the eighteenth century and at the present moment of its possible collapse, has been challenged by other times, other temporalities, slower, faster, with other rhythms, other successions of events, other narratives, and so on.     

关于河姆渡原始艺术的探讨

河姆渡艺术研究应结合其他文物的考证,将其置于特定的历史和文化背景之中,通过对艺术现象的考察,探索其形成的原因、艺术特色、风格特征。     

Theorising other, ‘other childhoods’: Issues emerging from work on HIV in urban and rural Zimbabwe

This paper agrees that universal models of childhood must be unpacked in order to reveal the diversity of ‘other childhoods’ in the global south, but argues that local, culturally specific understandings of childhood also need to be theorised and deconstructed. We attempt to do this by exploring experiences that are ‘other’ to ‘other childhoods’ and so examine the ‘un-childlike’ issues of young peoples' sexual health and child household headship in Zimbabwe. We contend that a century of contestation around the social production of identities in and through space has produced local contemporary understandings of childhood that seriously endanger youngsters in an era of HIV/AIDS. We argue both that other dimensions of ‘other childhoods’ must be recognised locally and that local understandings of childhood require greater international recognition if the pandemic is to be tackled. Finally, our exploration of these ‘margins’ of human experience lead us to believe that children must be understood both as competent and independent agents of social change and as vulnerable social becomings in need of protection.     

跌坐石坡寄闲情嘉兴市博物馆藏张熊肖像画两帧

肖像画,作为人物画的一个分支门类,在中国有着历史的悠久,有写照、传影、写真、写貌、写像、写生、小像等等传统称谓。《尚书》载,高宗“梦帝赉予良弼”,“乃审厥象,俾以形旁求于天下。说筑傅岩之野,惟肖。爰立作相,王置诸其左右。”①这类记载或带着浓厚的传说色彩,但从中可看出肖像画在商代便已具备相当写实的水准。     

《太平御览》引“唐书”之性质考论

宋代类书《太平御览》所引"唐书",对于校勘整理《旧唐书》及其它唐史文献,都有重要价值,但是对其所属性质,各家说法不一,或认为都属刘昫《旧唐书》,或都属唐代旧本国史实录,或认为两者都有。由唐代各种文献和宋人校勘整理的实际情况看,"唐书"应当是一个通名,既包含了《旧唐书》,也有唐国史实录、《通典》、《唐会要》,甚至唐代杂史笔记的内容在内。对于"唐书"性质的考察,还可以进一步深入为对整部《太平御览》征引前代文献的考察,从而进一步认识北宋馆阁校勘活动的特点及意义。     

清代甘肃进士的地理分布

清代甘肃进士的区域分布总体上受自然地理条件、民族构成等因素的影响;秦州和武威两地进士中式较多,地方书院教育和在任地方官在其中发挥了重要作用;和其他省份相比,清代甘肃进士中式数量偏少,其中陕甘长期合闱影响甚巨,同时甘肃地方社会支持乏力,以及本土的经济状况、社会动乱等也是重要的制约因素。