评《郊区卫士——美国新右派的源起》

右翼势力一直是美国社会政坛一股不容小觑的力量,也是共和党的政治基础。在美国历史上,右翼力量经历了不断的分化组合,有新老之分。老右派主张地方自治,标榜"管得最少的政府就是最好的政府",在二战后极力反对共产主义。与之相比,美国新右派(New American Right)的政治主张有所不同。右翼势力一直受到学界     

藏传佛教政治功能的发展变迁

藏传佛教除了具有一切宗教所具有的共同属性外,从兴起就按照其独特的形式发展,即宗教势力和地方势力在政治和经济上的紧密结合,尤其是佛教从进入藏土的第一天起就和政治结下不解之缘;这是藏传佛教发展史上的一个突出现象;本文运用功能论的方法纵向探讨藏传佛教与藏族社会的政治发生的关系,试图从中揭示出藏传佛教政治功能的发展变迁趋势。     

唐末宋初于阗王国的社会经济

唐末宋初是于阗社会经济发展的一个比较特殊的时期。尽管摆脱了吐蕃的统治重获独立 ,但是伊斯兰教势力进入中亚却阻隔了佛国于阗与西方世界的政治与经济联系 ,与西方丝路贸易的中断对这一时期于阗社会经济的发展产生了一定的影响 ,与内地的各种联系反而得到了加强。总的来讲 ,这一时期于阗王国的社会经济基本处在停滞状态 ,丝绸之路的畅通对于沿途各地社会经济发展的影响由此可见一斑。     

黑社会组织犯罪的历史成因

我国反黑斗争的经历,不同于世界各国和地区。在旧中国,黑社会势力是一股巨大的社会势力。新中国成立不久,在中国共产党的领导下,彻底摧毁了横行于旧社会的黑社会势力。为什么现在又死灰复燃、滋生蔓延呢?这里面既有历史方面现实方面的原因和条件,又有主观方面客观方面的原因和条件。     

浅论20世纪二、三十年代上海青帮的合法化

20世纪二、三十年代上海的青帮势力发展到高潮,进入了高度膨胀的阶段。这与其他地区的帮会势力以及此前的青帮发展形成鲜明对比的是,它与国家统治集团的暧昧关系以及它多取得的合法地位。因为其无论在政治、经济、社会文化等方面都有相当深的渗透,包括青帮头目的政治化、资产阶级化。同时,这也是促使上海青帮合法化的原因之一。另外,上海其独特的历史背景也成就了青帮的合法性。本文试从20世纪二、三十年代上海青帮合法化的原因分析来阐明其历史影响和作用。     

论西汉东、南两越考古学文化的关系

秦末汉初,在我国东、南滨海地区的百越族群中形成了两大集团势力,即《史记》、《汉书》中所记载的“东、南两越(粤)”,这两大集团势力在汉初分别立国,形成了两股重要的地方割据势力.南越国是汉、越合璧的政权,其中还包括了役属的西瓯、骆越人,形成了地跨两广等省区及越南北部的庞大的王国.东越则建立了闽越、东瓯两政权,它们均由闽越族人组成,《史记》并称东越.在西汉前期和中期,东、南两越割据势力的存在和发展威胁了汉王朝南方的安全.汉武帝于元鼎六年至元封元年,发兵平定了两越政权.东、南两越的建国和灭国年代基本一致.它们体现出的物质文化进程和关系如何,仅根据文献资料来了解是很不够的.本文根据考古发现的资料,就此做一些探讨.     

1931-1937年间西北金融业的恢复和发展

193l～1937年局部抗战阶段,面对日本侵略的步步进逼,南京国民政府从国防建设的需要出发,采取了一系列开发西北的措施,推动了西北地区社会经济各部门的发展和进步,西北金融业也由此进入了一个新的发展时期。由于国家金融势力的进入,以及沿海地区一些商业银行分支机构的设立,西北各省的金融业得以较快地恢复和发展。这对于调剂西北地方金融、扶植和开发区域经济、促使西北金融体系的形成发挥了积极的作用。然而,西北金融业在发展过程中也存在着诸多缺陷和问题,其负面影响也是不容忽视的。     

『台独』逆流记

“台独”即“台湾独立建国”的简称,其产生有着复杂的国际、国内因素。在台岛内外,主张“台独”的分裂势力有一个较长的发展演变过程。２０世纪９０年代以来,由于李登辉逐步推行以“两个中国”、“一中一台”为核心的分裂路线,并利用手中权力对“台独”势力极力纵容与扶持,使得“台独”势力恶性膨胀为一股阻碍两岸关系发展与祖国和平统一的反动逆流。 海内外“台独”思 潮的产生与泛滥 “台独”是在二战后特殊的历史条件下出现的一个“怪胎”,其起源最早可以追溯到１９４５年８月日本宣布无条件投降之时。当时,日本部分驻台少壮派军…     

民族团结是新疆社会稳定和长治久安的基石

<正>民族团结是新疆社会稳定和长治久安的基石,这是全国各族人民的心声,更是全疆各族干部群众的心中美好的愿望。作为一名党员干部我要率先垂范,主动向"三股势力"宣战,用实际行动筑牢新疆社会稳定和长治久安的根基。我们每一名党员干部都要有爱祖国、感党恩,珍惜幸福生活、维护社会稳定和民族团结的强烈心声和共同愿望,都要坚决与"三股势力"斗争到底,旗帜鲜明、立场坚定,打好新疆社会稳定和长治久安这场人民战争,筑牢维护社会稳定的铜墙铁壁。     

也论新疆“三七政变”

"三七政变"由樊耀南及拥护他的新进派势力所发起,杨增新的牵制政策导致保守派作为制衡力量卷入其中,两股政治力量对决的结果是金树仁的最终胜出。新疆的政权更迭,为国民政府统合新疆提供了契机,而这场政变实质上是受隐伏于新疆社会深层的现代化革新的欲望所驱动。     

初级产品出口与阿根廷的早期现代化——拉美独立运动爆发200周年的反思

1870—1914年,阿根廷借助初级产品出口部门的快速增长,实现了从传统社会向现代社会的初步转变,这一时期因之被誉为该国现代化进程的“美好时代”。本文分三个部分：第一节着重阐述1870年至1914年间阿根廷初级产品出口部门发展的历史概貌和基本特征;第二节着重分析初级产品出口部门对其他经济、社会部门发展的推动作用;第三节侧重于分析阿根廷经济的对外依附性,揭示出该国早期现代化进程中的一些矛盾,强调这些矛盾正是阿根廷在20世纪30年代后走向“衰败”的根源之所在。本文对上述问题的分析,主要目的在于反思阿根廷、乃至整个拉美地区独立运动爆发200年以来现代化进程的经验和教训。     

两德经济发展的成败摭议

东德是由于经济的失败才最终不得不自愿被西德接管,这个失败虽然系多种因素导致,但根本还在于经济体制。可是,计划体制本身还不是最终根源所在,问题的关键在于脱离经济规律地计划和将经济问题政治化。西德市场经济体制中也有不少计划经济的成分,但由于按照经济规律办事,没有过度将经济问题政治化,因而表现出坚强的生命力。     

Non-economic Bases of Economic Behaviour: The Consumption,Investment and Exchange Patterns of Three Emigrant Communities in Kerala,India

This article takes issue with the rational choice approach that views the economy as an autonomous realm where isolated individuals make maximizing choices in terms of their personal preferences. The argument made is that income generation, consumption and exchange form a holistic complex that must be studied in its unity and that the economy and individual economic behaviour are articulated with a social context. This is demonstrated by evidence (collected through fieldwork) on the differences in the use of remittances by three villages in Kerala, India, which have experienced large scale migration to the Middle Eastern countries. In the three cases, it was the way in which income earned from international migration was perceived, together with the variation in ethnic structures, that explained the similarities and differences in their consumption, exchange and investment patterns. In each case, it was the larger ethnic structure that conditioned (1) the types of activities into which the money was channelled; (2) the range of people who were the beneficiaries of migrant remittances; (3) the patterns of reciprocity or charity practised by the migrants; (4) the selection of the trade-off point between community status and economic accumulation; and; (5) the groups of individuals who gained or lost economic control.     

基于演化理论的我国城市合作机理研究

全球化和区域竞争引发了广泛的城市合作实践。城市合作是特定地域空间中城市共生演化的动态过程,城市合作的形成与发展,是多种行为主体在多种环境因素和历史因素作用下互动博弈的结果。以新近兴起的演化经济学和演化经济地理学为基础,建构了一个城市合作研究的演化分析框架,探讨了城市合作的本质和内容,分析了我国城市合作模式的类别、演化过程和不同模式的有效性。城市合作的本质在于追求包括分享、匹配和学习三大效应的更高层级的集聚经济,演化理论可以为研究城市群的演化过程,探索适合我国国情和区域发展实际的城市合作模式。     

The Perpetuation of Regime Security in Gulf Cooperation Council States: A Multi‐Lens Approach

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states have been engaging in diversification efforts, yet the types of efforts suggest that the primary interest is regime security. Regional foreign policy is complex; hence we propose a multi‐lens approach to analyze overlapping and complementary political, economic, and social forces. The international political economy of hydrocarbons demonstrates the similarities among GCC states, regional dynamics illustrate interstate relations and similar patterns, while economic diversification suggests individual state trajectories and comparative and competitive patterns. By outlining the contemporary context for GCC states, we argue that low oil prices, regional dependence on hydrocarbons, and trends in economic diversification efforts signal GCC states' preference to reinforce their rentier systems with alternative state revenue streams. GCC states' diversification into new markets and sectors and use of state‐owned enterprises in microcompetitions indicate a new search for alternative revenue streams and prestige, which in turn are used to assure the perpetuation of regime security. This finding sets trajectories and implications for the region, specifically economic stagnation and supplementary diversification processes.     

(Mal)Development in Central America: Globalization and Social Change

This article develops a globalization framework and a model of transnational processes for analysing social change and development, and then applies the model to Central America. The analysis emphasizes determinacy, in the last instance, of social forces in historic developmental outcomes, and documents how social forces in struggles in an emergent transnational environment have shaped Central America's changing profile within the global economy and society. Revolutionary movements, a new class structure, US geo-political considerations, and the internationalization of East Asian economies, have all contributed to a new model of development; from the 1960s into the 1990s the national model of development is being replaced by a transnational model. Maquiladora garment production, tourism, non-traditional agricultural exports, and remittances from emigrant workers are coming to eclipse traditional agro-exports as the most dynamic economic sectors linking the region to globalized circuits of production and distribution. The article also examines Central American migration to the US and gender dimensions of the new transnational model of development.     

Beyond the commodity economy: the persistence of informal economic activity in rural England

A widely held view in economic geography is that the commodity economy — in which goods and services are produced by capitalist firms for a profit under market conditions — has permeated, albeit slowly and unevenly, ever more areas of daily life. Until now, however, little evidence has been provided of the extent and unevenness of its penetration. This is the intention of this paper. First, secondary data are used to evaluate the penetration of commodification in the advanced economies. Rather than find its permeation into every crevice of daily life, a non-commodified sphere as large as the commodified sphere is identified. Reporting case study evidence on the commodification of household services in rural England, explanations are then sought for the persistence of these non-commodified spaces and the uneven penetration of commodification. This reveals that despite household services being more commodified in higher income rural areas, commodification and its uneven contours cannot be explained simply in terms of economic determinants. Although economic forces prevent the advance of commodification, especially in lower income rural areas, strong 'cultures of resistance' to the edicts of commodification also impede its deeper penetration. The paper thus concludes by outlining the roles played by both economic and cultural forces in shaping commodification and its uneven contours, as well as the need for economic geography to broaden its scope beyond the commodity economy.     

中国社会主义现代化与市场化有机耦合的历史分析

中国社会主义市场经济模式的创新,不仅在于社会主义基本制度与市场经济的结合,而且还在于社会主义现代化与市场经济的有机耦合,这一结合是通过两者的互动逐步实现的。决定这一互动演变过程的主要因素是由世界新科技革命引起的中国现代化双重使命与传统计划经济体制的矛盾和冲突的发展,实现社会主义初级阶段现代化的双重使命始终成为贯穿着这一矛盾运动过程中的主导方面。世界新科技革命引发的当代中国先进生产力的发展要求,则是中国社会主义现代化与市场化日益有机耦合的最深刻的根源和纽带。两者的有机结合,使我国终于找到了一条既符合本国国情又顺应世界潮流的现代化建设道路。     

Transforming the Developmental Welfare State in East Asia

This article attempts to explain changes and continuity in the developmental welfare states in Korea and Taiwan within the East Asian context. It first elaborates two strands of welfare developmentalism (selective vs. inclusive), and establishes that the welfare state in both countries fell into the selective category of developmental welfare states before the Asian economic crisis of 1997. The key principles of the selective strand of welfare developmentalism are productivism, selective social investment and authoritarianism; inclusive welfare development is based on productivism, universal social investment and democratic governance. The article then argues that the policy reform toward an inclusive welfare state in Korea and Taiwan was triggered by the need for structural reform in the economy. The need for economic reform, together with democratization, created institutional space in policy‐making for advocacy coalitions, which made successful advances towards greater social rights. Finally, the article argues that the experiences of Korea and Taiwan counter the neo‐liberal assertion that the role of social policy in economic development is minor, and emphasizes that the idea of an inclusive developmental welfare state should be explored in the wider context of economic and social development.     

German Public Opinion and the Question of Industrial Modernity: Wilhelmine Depictions of the French Economy

This article re-examines the debate about industrialisation and modernity in pre-war Germany. Whereas most historians have concentrated on the critical, nostalgic, doom-laden and volatile reaction of writers and academics to economic transformation this study assesses the much more optimistic and approving verdict of popular newspapers, magazines and books. By 1900 the economy of the Kaiserreich was widely believed in Germany to have expanded more quickly and more successfully than that of France. The reversal of the two countries' fortunes, which was extensively covered in the press, overturned a long-held assumption of French superiority. Confronted daily with such evidence of German success vis-a-vis France, Britain and other European states, Wilhelmine public opinion had good cause to feel confident about the Reich's economic future.