Kenya's new indigenes: negotiating local identities in a global context

ABSTRACT. This article examines the proliferation of communities that self‐identify as indigenous peoples by looking at the Ogiek, Sengwer, Endorois and Pokot of western Kenya. It shows how community leaders have self‐consciously employed a global discourse of indigeneity – and associated ideas of territorial association, marginalisation and especial vulnerability – to strengthen moral and legal claims to land and resources, to access new domains of action and cultivate new channels of patronage. The analysis also highlights how this process, together with similar developments across Africa, Asia and the Middle East, has prompted a re‐evaluation and stretching of this global signifier at the supra‐state level. Finally, the article reveals how the emergence of a new global space has provided new opportunities and strong incentives to renegotiate local “nationalisms” in a struggle for ownership and control of communal terroir, while factionalism has fed into, supported and fundamentally altered supra‐national definitions.     

The Continuing Puzzle of Committee Outliers: A Methodological Reassessment

Crovitz, L. Gordon, and Jeremy A. Rabkin, eds., The Fettered Presidency. Washington: American Enterprise Institute, 1989. Pp. xx, 335; $14.95 softbound.

Jones, Gordon S., and John A. Marini, eds., The Imperial Congress. New York: Pharos Books, 1988. Pp. xi, 366; $24.95.

Reedy, George E., The Twilight of the Presidency: From Johnson to Reagan. New York: New American Library, 1987. Pp. 200; $4.50 softbound.

Seligman, Lester G., and Cary R. Covington, The Coalitional Presidency. Chicago: Dorsey Press, 1989. Pp. 191; $25.00 hardbound; $11.95 softbound.     

明清华北平原村落的裂变分化与密集化过程

本文通过对华北平原部分地区同源村落成因的系统分析,动态地揭示了村落密集化发展的历史过程及其动力因素。研究发现,早期的村落主要通过结构型裂变、灾害型裂变、行政型裂变以及村落的次生分化使村落数量得到了迅速增长,并逐步完成了空间上的密集化过程。     

On the ‘Arab Inequality Puzzle’: The Case of Egypt

This article surveys and discusses prominent protagonists of the debate on socio-economic inequality in the Arab region, with a special focus on the World Bank and Egypt. According to official data, the region holds remarkably low Gini coefficients in a context of declining inequality. This contradicts the popular perception of high social inequality as a major cause of regional protests since the Arab Spring; hence the reference to a ‘puzzle’ in mainstream literature. The debate about the reality of social inequality in the region has developed since 2011 — particularly in regard to Egypt, where income and consumption data are periodically collected by means of household surveys. Inequality measures based on this method alone, while income taxation data are inaccessible, are highly questionable and conflict with various observations and calculations based on other indicators such as national accounts, executive income or house prices. Yet, the World Bank upholds official inequality findings in portraying the Arab upheaval as the revolt of a ‘middle class’ that aspires to greater business freedom, in consonance with the neoliberal worldview.     

The Puzzle of the Diffusion of Central-Bank Independence Reforms: Insights from an Agent-Based Simulation

The emergence of an ever‐widening sphere of global public policy is a new reality in a world characterized by the blurring of boundaries between the national and the global; by flows of ideas, people, and commodities; and by new global risks and opportunities. In this context, this article explores the empirical puzzle of the sudden outbreak of reforms leading to central‐bank independence. How can we best understand the outbreak of reforms in the 1990s? It is suggested here that the reforms were diffused in a contagious and uncoordinated manner in a global policy process that may best be captured by Kingdon's policy stream model. We develop an agent‐based model to evaluate the effects of three little‐explored aspects of the diffusion process. These are (i) the likelihood of the outbreak of reform, (ii) the rate of adoption of the reform, and (iii) the time to outbreak. We find that the likelihood of outbreak depends on the saliency of a problem, in conjunction with the length of time that a problem has been on the public agenda. We also find that an increase in the size of the environment surveyed before a decision is made increases the rate of adoption but also the time to outbreak. The more global the information available for agents, the longer is the time to outbreak, but outbreaks unfold much faster.     

The First Group of Tibetan Sailors

In May 2007,Lhosum Chophel and seven other Tibetans signed a con-tract with the Shanghai Shipping Transportation Com-pany to formally join the com-pany as sailors. Hence, the big     

美玉与黄金——中国古代农耕与畜牧集团在首饰材料选取中的差异

以首饰来装点自己可能是人类较早萌发的对美的追求,在旧石器时代晚期就已经出现了佩戴在人体上的装饰品。在北京周口店的山顶洞遗址中发现了一批穿孔的兽牙、贝壳和石珠等,这些穿孔的饰品由于长期佩戴,孔和边缘都已磨的十分圆滑,而其中的石珠系用白色的石灰岩制作,加工的十分精巧、细致,表明当时的人们已经有意识地选择具有美感的石材来制作首饰。     

佤族·拉木鼓

木鼓是佤族宗教信仰的一部份,拉木鼓是祭祀祖先的节日,也是佤族重大的祭祀活动之一。相传,木鼓象征着母亲,木鼓的声音就是母亲的召唤,于是木鼓便被奉为“一寨之母”和“生命之源”,世俗生活与宗教活动都离不开木鼓。佤族人视木鼓为通天神器,无论哪一个部落建寨后的第一件大事,就是拉木鼓祭祖。     

西部摄影采访团启程

<正>由《旅游纵览》杂志社和国际旅游摄影俱乐部共同组织的中国西部摄影采访团8月20日从秦皇岛启程,前往我国西南和西北边疆地区,进行为期一个半月的摄影采访活动。采访团由摄影家和     

四十三日风兼雨 三万里路云和月 《旅游纵览》西部摄影采访团归来 采风者说

<正>由《旅游纵览》杂志社和国际旅游摄影俱乐部组成的中国西部摄影采访团8月20日从河北省秦皇岛市出发,踏上了探访西部的旅程。到10月1日,采访团行程18000多公里,完成了晋、陕、川、滇、藏、新、甘、蒙等地的摄影采访,满载着沉甸甸的收获归来.本期刊发的是采访团成员的部分作品和旅行摄影感言,以后陆续刊发西部采风的详尽报道。     

The Rimbunan Hijau Group in the Forests of Papua New Guinea

ABSTRACT

Adding to the existing literature on the history of forestry policy and reform in Papua New Guinea (PNG), this paper focuses on the Malaysian Rimbunan Hijau Group (RH) – the largest actor in PNG's forest industry. Rimbunan Hijau's dominant presence since the 1980s has been accompanied by allegations of illegality, corruption and human rights abuses. This paper outlines RH's initial involvement in PNG's forestry sector and discusses some of the more controversial aspects of its engagement with concession acquisition processes and public policy, as well as its responses.