经济外交与冷战史研究新视野

经济外交是认识和理解冷战历史的重要研究角度。经济外交与对外经济战略、对外经济关系、私人企业对外交往活动有着较为明显的联系与区别。对外援助是经济外交最重要的表现形式。美国相关解密外交档案的启示作用,一是帮助澄清了经济外交是美国实现冷战目标的最重要工具之一;二是冷战时期美国对第三世界国家实施的经济援助计划,是其遏制苏联大战略的有机组成部分。     

Enigmas of the Great War: Thomas Kettle and Francis Ledwidge

Recent publications in the field of Irish Studies have begun to address the previously neglected issue of Irish involvement in the First World War, including some limited attention to Irish First World War literature. This article explores the poetry of two nationalist writers who joined the British army, namely Thomas Kettle and Francis Ledwidge. Kettle was a public figure who had served as a Westminster MP and his poetry expresses the political complexity of his responses to the outbreak of war and to the Easter Rising. Ledwidge was first and foremost a poet and the article explores and evaluates that aspect of his oeuvre which can be described as war poetry.     

抗战期间国民政府对中国大国地位的寻求

抗日战争显示了中华民族的伟力 ,提高了中国的国际地位 ,这种历史性变化撑硬了国民政府的腰杆 ,促其加紧外交上的努力 ,去寻求中国的大国地位。一方面 ,它重新同美、英交涉 ,准备废除不平等条约 ,以谋求中国在法理上的平等地位 ;另一方面 ,则是以大国姿态出现在国际舞台上 ,施展中国对国际事务的影响。国民政府在外交上的这些努力 ,顺应了中国国际地位水涨船高的趋势 ,同时也增进了国际社会对中国的了解 ,为中国获得大国地位创造了条件。　　一、国民政府对历史机遇的把握大国一般是对国际事务能够发挥强有力影响的国家。它必须在政治、经济…     

Revenue,finance, and the command economy under the Nationalist government during the Anti-Japanese War

The prolonged Anti-Japanese War caused unprecedented difficulties for revenue, finance, and the national economy, but the Nationalist government was still able to maintain its revenue and to reinforce its banking system. Under the rule of the Nationalist government, order in the financial market was maintained and industry, mining, and agriculture were able to continue during wartime. The main reason for all this was the government's effective implementation of financial and economic policies within a highly centralized system of command economy, which laid the economic foundation for the final victory of China against Japan.     

War widows and revenge in Restoration England

This article examines petitions submitted by royalist widows to the House of Lords during the first few months of the Restoration. The husbands of these women had been tried and executed for treason during the 1640s and 1650s for their perceived loyalty to the royalist cause, prompting their spouses to demand retribution against their judges and jurors. As the Convention Parliament deliberated over the Act of Indemnity during the summer of 1660, these aggrieved widows were presented with an opportunity to ensure that the men they held responsible for their husband’s deaths were brought to account. By assessing the petitioning strategies adopted by these women and the government’s responses to their demands, the article throws light on a group of war widows who have received little scholarly attention. It is argued that whilst these women were largely unsuccessful, their efforts represent a significant aspect of female activism during the seventeenth century.     

Regulating Body Boundaries and Health during the Second World War: Nationalist Discourse,Media Representations and the Experiences of Canadian Women War Workers

This article examines the intersections of gender, wartime nationalist rhetoric and the production of ‘healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ bodies in both the Canadian workplace and the home during the Second World War. Analysing government, industry and media discourses in relation to oral history interviews with thirty‐eight women aircraft workers, we discuss women's distinctive role in shaping the health and morale of the social body during wartime, to ensure the maintenance of family, nation and the Allied war effort. While health in wartime was defined in terms of worker productivity for both men and women, anxiety about women's expanded roles heightened the emphasis on moral respectability as a marker of the ‘healthy’ female body. This was further complicated by the wartime emphasis on women's responsibilities to boost morale as part of their role in maintaining health and productivity for both men and women. Through such examples as workplace regulations and domestic advice, we examine the increased monitoring of women's individual and collective bodies and the intensified demands on female war workers as they crossed between the public and private spheres. We use our oral histories to examine women's embodied memories of ‘healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ bodies within a regional context and their responses to government, industry and media discourses.     

抗战胜利后国民党政风腐败及有关问题

抗战胜利后,国民党政风腐败迅速蔓延发展,已经达到了触目惊心的地步。正如蒋介石1948年在“戡乱建国”干部训练班开学典礼上的讲话所说：“自抗战胜利以来,本党在社会上的信誉已经一落千丈……老实说,古今中外,任何革命党都没有我们今天这样颓唐和腐败,也没有像我们今天这样的没有精神,没有纪律,更没有是非标准的。