晚明时代的写石风潮

<正>赏石,顾名思义是以天然的岩石作为审美对象,是中国特有的一种文化现象。白居易《太湖石记》云：“百仞一拳,千里一瞬,坐而得之。”¹这种把千里江山之景致寓意于顽石一块的意趣,是高度抽象的,与同时代世界其他地区的艺术相较也无疑是极为先觉的。宋代以来,赏石之风愈加盛行,米芾、苏轼皆嗜石成癖,文人对奇石的爱好更密切了赏石与书画的关系。元代赵孟 、倪瓒均有赏石画传世。明清两朝,文房清玩的审美理念日臻成熟,赏石绘画也呈现出更为纷繁的面貌。归结起来,中国古代的赏石文化有两个高峰,一是北宋,二是晚明。这两个时代都有一大批文人投入到藏石、     

赏石三境界

赏石三境界高平均读阮文辉先生《“天人合一”与“人合于天”》（《黄河石友》第４期），受益匪浅。掩卷长思，细细回味，觉得阮先生实际上提出了赏石的境界问题。依笔者拙见，天合于人，人合于天，天人合一，乃赏石的三部曲、三台阶、三境界。天人之间的关系，自然与人之...     

醉困华阴洞 一梦过千年 青州市博物馆藏苏轼题诗醉道士石

正孔子曰:"仁者乐山,智者乐水",是将山和水的自然特征人格化,达到仁智者追求的优良品德。古人崇尚山水情结、回归自然、天人合一的理念,因此自古以来,文人雅士大都对奇石情有独钟,形成了一种独特的赏石文化。奇石是天然的艺术品,是大自然的鬼斧巧琢而成。赏石艺术是以自身的学识素养和审美水平为基础的发现艺术,赏石者多寄予奇石以象征意义和人格化,能够从一块冰冷的石头上,联想到人生的各种境     

姹紫嫣红总是春花卉艺术节暨盆景赏石精品展

“姹紫嫣红总是春”花卉艺术节暨盆景赏石精品展在中蔬大森林花卉市场隆重开幕了,为隆冬的北京城添了几抹绿色,几许暖意。此次盆景赏石精品展持续到2004年1月中旬,由北京花卉协会、北京娱乐信报社、中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所、北京市盆景艺术研究会主办,中蔬大森林花卉市场、北京市盆景艺术研究会承办。     

石亦有价:古代赏石的品种与行情

<正>一一卷奇石画推动古代赏石新行情5.129亿元!2020年中国艺术品交易的最高价格被一卷画奇石的《十面灵璧图卷》(图一)夺得,此画出自晚明吴门画家吴彬之手,创造了中国古代书画的最高价格纪录。这卷画心加题跋全长超过25米的作品因其独特的赏石文化内涵,对古代赏石^[1]的价值认识和交易行情起到了直接的推动作用。     

历代名人与石

在中华古老文化中，赏石文化有着极为悠久而又灿烂的历史。     

碧水青苔衣 白云红树雨——记中国历史名城博览会·雨花石文化暨周德麟藏石精品展

雨花石文化是南京特有的赏石文化,有着深刻的人文内涵,对其中蕴涵的人文历史还有待进一步的研究。     

流金淌银黄河石

我国的石化源远流长，积淀深厚。爱石赏石古已成习，于今尤盛。黄河石因独具的自然美、雄浑美、朦胧美、形态美和色调美而成为一种天然的化载体，多少艺术家未曾状写、塑造出的大漠山川．敦煌彩绘与书法字，多少科学家未曾最后破译的生命进化、岩层构造与地球演变等图符号，都无所不包地     

高津龙:要做知“石”分子

花228万元买一块大石头,再给石头造个园子,他刮起了收藏界的旋风在中国赏石界,有一只“蛟龙”,腾起了阵阵波澜。在众多古董收藏家中,极少人愿意花几百万去买一块石头。但广西柳州有一个名为高津龙的商人,不仅花费228万买了一块大石头,此后的几年又陆续花几千万     

赏石与中国绘画

“赏石”,顾名思义,是指具有观赏价值的石头,即不同于普通岩石的“奇石”。奇石按其供置地点来分,大致可分为三类:(1)名胜奇石。遍布于名山大川、风景名胜之地,与自然界融为一体,以大型为主,如云南石林、黄山奇峰;(2)园林立峰。常见于皇家园囿和私人园林,或叠石成山,或列石成景,以中型为主,如太湖石、灵壁石等;(3)文房雅石。作     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

LEAD ISOTOPE ANALYSES OF ISLAMIC POTTERY GLAZES FROM FUSTAT,EGYPT*

Lead isotope analyses have been undertaken on a group of Islamic lead‐glazed pottery artefacts from Fustat, Egypt, spanning the period from the eighth to the 14th century ad , that had previously been the subject of a comprehensive typological, chronological, petrographic and technological study. Comparison of the lead isotope ratios for the glazes with those for lead ores from Egypt, Iran, Tunisia, Anatolia, Greece, Sardinia and Spain provided information on the possible sources of the lead used in the production of the glazes. The results show that the lead used in glaze production by the Islamic potters at Fustat was most probably obtained from distant ore sources in Iran or Tunisia, Sardinia, Spain and the Taurus Mountains. Different ore sources were favoured in different periods and, to a limited extent, for different types of pottery, but at no time did the Fustat potters use the potentially more accessible Egyptian ore sources.     

Australian Cenozoic Bryozoa, 2: Free-living Cheilostomata of the Eocene St. Vincent Basin,S.A., including Bonellina gen. nov

Schmidt, R., March 2007. Australian Cenozoic Bryozoa, 2: Free-living Cheilostomata of the Eocene St. Vincent Basin, S.A., including Bonellina gen. nov. Alcheringa 31, 67-84. ISSN 0311-5518.

Free-living bryozoans are diverse in the Eocene sediments of the St. Vincent Basin, South Australia. They include Bonellina pentagonalis gen. et sp. nov., Otionellina sp. cf. O. exigua (Tenison Woods), Otionellina sp. cf. O. cupola (Tenison Woods), Tubiporella magna (Tenison Woods), Celleporaria nummularia (Tenison Woods), and an indeterminate species only found as moulds. This diversity and abundance is highest in the sediments representing the initial transgressive marine facies, where they occur in ‘sand fauna’ bryozoan assemblages (e.g. with Melicerita and Siphonicytara). Free-living bryozoans decrease up-section and are absent from latest Eocene sediments, indicating a significant environmental shift.

Rolf Schmidt [rschmid@museum.vic.gov.au], Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia; received 18.3.2005, revised 14.12.2005.