行政间责制度的理念变迁及其理论

行政问责制度是近年来法治政府建设的热点和突破点,经由舆论和理论的讨论,以及政府上下推动,该制度的理念已经发生了深刻的变迁。责任政府的理念日益深入人心,行政问责理念变迁也深刻而有力地推动该制度朝“控权化”的方向发展。这一发展趋势和理论认知,也回应了行政法理论上关于平衡论和控权论的某些争论。以实践方式证明,在中国社会主义法治国家建设中,问责制度的本质任务和目的就在于建立责任政府,实质就是建立公权力应受法律规范的制度体系及其理论正当性。     

我国行政问责制度的实践及完善

问责制度是国家政治制度和国家监督体系的重要组成部分,是否形成健全有效的问责制度。是衡量成熟法治国家的重要标志。我国行政问责制度建设取得了很大成就。同时也存在较多的问题。     

被问责官员复出面临的现实困境与理性选择

我国的官员复出机制,面临着非公开化、非责任化、非透明化、社会认同度低的困境。如何有效解决被问责官员复出面临的现实困境,本文从四个方面予以了回答,即完善问责的基础,明晰官员的职责和构建相应问责程序,这是建立被问责官员正常复出机制的前提;转变问责的模式,由＂权力问责＂转变为＂制度问责＂,使被问责官员复出具有制度上的正当性;建立官员复出的回应机制,使体制外的＂权利问责＂与体制内的＂权力问责＂、＂制度问责＂形成完整体系,以减少官员复出的外部阻力;建立多元化的问责主体,以提高官员复出的社会认同度。     

从三维视角出发完善我国领导干部问责制

当前,我国对领导干部问责的力度越来越大,成效也越来越显著,问责制度逐步进入了全面构建阶段。但在实践中,问责还存在不少问题。当务之急是要从制度、法律、文化的三维角度来完善领导干部问责制,提高党委、政府的问责水平,提升公众的问责参与度,加强领导干部的权责意识,推进问责制度不断完善和发展。     

行政规范性文件司法审查探析

当前我国权力机关、行政机关、司法机关对政府规范性文件的监督存在诸多缺陷。为防止违法性行政规范性文件损害公民、法人、其他组织的合法权益和妨害行政法治建设,在借鉴域外先进经验和教训的基础上,应构建适合中国国情的行之有效的对行政规范性文件的司法审查制度。     

街道志的“界”与“度”——以《瘦西湖街道志》为例

<正>乡镇是我国传统的地方行政建制,也是目前我国最基层的行政建制。街道的行政地位与乡、镇相同,都属乡级行政区,但街道作为行政区划的出现远迟于乡镇,直到20世纪50年代初我国废除保甲制度后,才在城市设立街道。街道的管理机构为街道办事处,是市辖区、县级市、县人民政府的派出机关。街道党（工）委是设立在街道的基层党组织,不是设在办事处的党组织。乡、镇政府是一级地方政府,权力是乡镇人大授予的;街道办事处是政府的派出机构,权力是上级政府赋予的。街道与乡镇有所区别,街道志和乡镇志也就不能完全等同。     

论我国“行政问责制”的完善

建立健全行政问责制,构建可问责政府,是建设法治政府的必然要求,"权责相符"是现代政府治理模式所必须遵循的基本原则。从事行政领导工作必须具有一定的权利和承担由此而产生的相应的法律责任、政治责任、行政责任和道义责任,明确划分领导者权责是对官员进行问责的前提,而完善行政问责制则是领导者权责体系正常运行的根本保证。     

历史上行政问责的法理逻辑与制度实践

主权在民和公平正义是建构问责制政府的根源学理和理论依据。基于这样的理念,政府应该向人民负责,而且必须公正平等地为人民服务。这是行政问责制的政治逻辑,也是行政问责制的理论基石。如果没有人民的授权委托,也就不可能存在政府权力。由此,人民主权成为政府权力的逻辑基础,人民与政府之间实际上形成了一种委托代理关系。而理性的委托人为了规避政府权力损害其利益,就会寻求制度主义的帮助,问责制的出现也就成为了必然。     

行政首长出庭应诉问题研究

行政首长出庭应诉不仅可以解决行政争议,还可以搭建官民对话的平台。正确认识行政首长出庭应诉制度面临的障碍,修正行政诉讼法的相关规定,从法律的层面解决行政首长出庭应诉无法可依的问题,辅之以科学可行的考核问责机制,充分认识到行政首长出庭应诉重在象征意义,将使得这一制度的发展更符合我国行政诉讼的现状。     

孙志刚案件宪法学视角的思考

从孙志刚案件折射出来的宪法学视角,映射出我国违宪审查制度在现实生活中的无助,在法律实践中的苍白。因此,带给我们的思考是公民人身权利怎样在政府职能部门"依法行政"中不被侵犯,政府行政权力如何能有效地得以限制,避免滥用,公民权利与国家权力谁主谁辅等相互关系问题。因此,只有建立有限政府,最终实现法治政府,从真正意义上实现宪政,才能在法律实践中保障公民权利。     

略论网络媒体在构建和谐青海中的作用

网络媒体已经成为引导社会舆论的重要力量和我国的主流媒体之一,网上宣传在构建和谐社会中担负着非常重要的责任。因此,创新思路,创造良好的网上舆论环境,履行好网上正面宣传构建和谐青海的使命,是摆在网络媒体工作者面前的一项重大课题。     

试析中国农村社会养老保险发展中的政府责任

本文以政府的公共服务职能为出发点,通过分析我国农村社会养老保险发展中政府责任缺失的现状及其原因,就我国农村社会养老保险发展中的政府责任重建进行了相应对策探讨。     

和谐社会视野下我国企业社会责任机制建设

企业在建设社会主义和谐社会中处于特殊的地位,其健康发展直接决定着社会的和谐程度。企业的社会责任强调再生产过程中对人的价值的关注,强调对消费者、对环境、对社会的贡献。但在我国,企业在创造社会财富的同时,却忽视了对其所造成的“负外部效应”承担本应承担的社会责任。因此,建立和完善企业社会责任机制,具有理论与实践层面的深刻意义。     

Thinking the other,thinking otherwise: Levinas’ conception of responsibility

ABSTRACT

Probably no other philosopher described the encounter with the other (human being) in a more radical way than Emmanuel Levinas. This led him to a new interpretation of responsibility as origin of all our ethical obligations towards others. He put into question a philosophical tradition of thought he accused of taking the ego as sole origin of all foundation of meaning. In this paper, I begin by outlining Levinas’ criticism of the occidental tradition of thought to explain the place of the other in his writings. I go on to explicate Levinas’ peculiar understanding of ‘responsibility for the other’. I will show how important it is in Levinas’ work not to isolate the question of responsibility from the question of justice. Finally, I examine what other capabilities would be required in order to act in a responsible and just way.     

Where the violence happened matters. Geopolitical framing and assessments of collective responsibility for historical violence.

Mass violence always takes place in a particular geopolitical context, and how that context is understood influences perceptions of collective responsibility. As international borders shift, often in the wake of war, events that occurred within one geopolitical entity can be understood has having taken place in another. The influence of such geopolitical framing on judgments of collective responsibility remains understudied. Two studies examine how geopolitical frames lead to shifting assessments of collective responsibility for historical mass violence. By depicting historical violence within a particular geopolitical entity (e.g., a country), that entity was perceived as being more responsible for the violence. The studies are set within the contexts of German-occupied Poland and the British occupation of the Indian subcontinent. The ramifications of these findings are discussed for the teaching of history, the commemoration of historical victimhood, and for our understanding of assessments of collective responsibility and geopolitical framing more broadly.     

Does global egalitarianism provide an impractical and unattractive ideal of justice?

In his important new book National responsibility and global justice, David Miller presents a systematic challenge to existing theories of global justice. In particular, he argues that cosmopolitan egalitarianism must be rejected. Such views, Miller maintains, would place unacceptable burdens on the most productive political communities, undermine national self‐determination, and disincentivize political communities from taking responsibility for their fate. They are also impracticable and quite unrealistic, at least under present conditions. Miller offers an alternative account that conceives global justice in terms of a minimum set of basic rights that belong to human beings everywhere. Primary responsibility for securing such rights for an individual lies with his or her state, but in so far as these rights go unprotected, responsibilities for fulfilling them may fall on outsiders. While less ambitious that cosmopolitan egalitarian justice, Miller argues that his own view would nevertheless enable us to articulate what is most morally objectionable about our current world. In this article it is argued that none of Miller's critiques of cosmopolitan egalitarianism is effective, and that while certainly preferable to the status quo, a world governed by Miller's principles is not an attractive ideal.     

Jewish conditions,theories of nationalism: cartographical notes

Thinkers with Jewish backgrounds contributed powerfully to our understanding of nationalism. We examine the different Jewish conditions in East Central Europe and Russia at the end of the nineteenth and at the start of the twentieth century so as to map the theories of nationalism that resulted. Four such theories are identified, each illustrated with reference to particular thinkers.     

基于"以人为本"生态区域基质的城市规划空间结构

通过城市规划空间结构历史演化过程分析,我国经历了从农业区域基质到工业区域基质的五次城市规划空间结构演化更替的过程,且每次规划空间结构更替都有特定的社会经济历史背景。我国带着不同社会经济体制所遗留的各种痕迹和烙印,迈入了以市场经济、经济全球化、区域经济集团化为宏观背景的信息化社会,且我国还处于工业化、城市化的中期。面对新世纪的发展环境,并结合我国国情,提出了基于“以人为本”生态区域基质的以生态经济区为单位来组织现代城市规划空间结构体系的基本思想,并构建了我国现代城市空间结构体系的基本框架。     

An Uncomfortable Responsibility: Ethics and Nuclear Waste

This article discusses the ethics of nuclear waste management in terms of the concept of responsibility for the harmful effects of modern technology. At present, the principle that every country and new generation should assume responsibility for the nuclear waste they produce is challenged by a globalised industry and the repositories of nuclear waste that have accumulated over the past fifty years and been left for future generations to manage. The basic premise of the article is that modern technology, particularly nuclear power, calls for a new kind of responsibility that extends to future generations as well. This new concept of responsibility and the principles of long-term management of nuclear waste are set out and discussed in detail, with reference to Kant, Jaspers, Jonas, Peter Kemp and others.     

西部民族地区构建和谐社会视阈中的宗教关系及其发展态势

党的十七大报告提出,要正确认识和处理“宗教关系”,并把“宗教关系”列为当前和今后我国社会政治生活领域需要特别关注和务必处理好的重大关系之一。西部地区少数民族人口众多,信教群众占人口比例大,宗教在西部地区有着极其浓厚的文化积淀。因此,加强民族团结、促进宗教关系和谐的任务重大。本文试图就西部民族地区构建和谐社会视闽中的宗教关系及其发展态势作一探索。