信票

凭帖付钱始于隋唐,飞钱、便换是世界上最早的“支票”。明代有会票之法,在一地官肆中付钱取票,到目的地向其联号凭票取钱,会票具有汇票的性质。清代也有会票的使用。会票本是异地支付的命令书,但因发行的钱庄店号信用好,所以也能在市上辗转流通。现今多见的官票、私帖、钱票、银票都是不挂失票,只认票不认人的流通纸币,不具有会票的性质。彭信威著《中国货币史》中多处论述会票,但缺乏实物图片,是论其意而不能显其形。会票之名称有会券、执照、信票等等。光绪三十年之信票是清代会票,其形式富有古典格调,是清代会票的典型代表。信者,取信于人信用也;取信于物信物也;取信于票信票也。立票终需信,其名称就反映出信用货币的特点,是一种以信用保证的异地支付票据。     

光绪会票

光绪会票俞鸿昌唐之汇兑称作飞钱。商人在京都将钱交给进奏院得一凭证，到目的地后向该处有关部门合券取款。飞钱是中国最早的汇票。宋之飞钱也称便换。明清两代之汇兑取票方式曰会票。在一地官肆中付钱取票，到另一地向其联号凭票取钱。会票也是商人发行的一种异地支付凭...     

千里之行 始于足下——读《中国会票概论》

一本专题论述会票的书终于出版了。这就是俞鸿昌著写的《中国会票概论》。读后第一个感觉是,会票作为中国古典票据,一向是比较深远莫测的,而今似乎就显现在眼前。它的身影隐现于近代票据之中,使数百年的历程顷刻犹如咫尺之间。上世纪90年代初,在北京月坛邮票交流市场上出现一些宣化乾顺兴店号信票,后来又出现一批河北东口福庆园、永兴货店兑票。后者数量很多,且系私家发行的汇兑票据,不同于银票、钱票,为藏家所漠视。唯独本书作者意识到这可能就是会票,及时收集,作为研究探讨会票的基础,并历经十多年的寻访,扩展品种,形成系列。这一漫长的过…     

印章文字与哈拉帕古城遗址相关问题考释

哈拉帕古城位于今巴基斯坦印度河北岸,是一座古代城市遗址,有“古代印度河流域文明的大都会”之称。哈拉帕古城遗址出土了大量印章,这些印章的材质有玉石、铜等,印章上还刻画了几百个字符图形。这些文字符号和我国的甲骨文有许多类似之处,但至今仍然未能被成功解读。笔者通过查阅分析哈拉帕文明时期,包括摩亨佐·达罗古城的文物图片,将印章文字与甲骨文和水书进行对比分析,初步推测印章文字与水书、甲骨文具有同源关系,哈拉帕应是《山海经》里面所说的“帝之下都”昆仑虚。     

光绪兑票

光绪兑票张克云《中国钱币》１９９４年第４期俞鸿昌文“光绪会票”：“明清两代之汇兑取票方式曰会票”,“会票也是商人发行的一种异地支付凭证”。文章介绍的两种光绪会票形式：一为汇兑票,一为可辗转流通会票。笔者收藏一张“光绪兑票”（如图）,单联,为２１×ｌ３...     

俞鸿昌先生无偿捐赠清代会票实物

正近日,中国钱币博物馆接收了俞鸿昌先生生前无偿捐赠的57件(套)清代会票实物。俞先生是天津著名收藏家,长期致力于纸币、票据的收藏,出版《中国会票概论》一书,在《中国钱币》发表多篇学术文章。此次捐赠的实物大部分为《中国会票概论》一书中的原物,其中不乏清乾隆时期的会票等较为少见的实物,进一步丰富了我馆在票据方面的收藏。在此,中国     

徽商会票制度考略

"会票",是由明清两代商人发行的一种异地支付凭证.关于会票在明清时期的使用情况,文献材料中偶有记载.     

“巴蜀印章”与古代商旅

(一) “巴蜀印章”是一类有别于传统印章的巴蜀考古文物,其显著特点是印面没有文字,而是一些图纹、符号。“巴蜀印章”皆为铜铸,绝大多数为圆形,少数为方形、矩形、半圆形、椭圆形,个别为八角形(峨眉) 及“”形(荥经)。圆形印章径0.8——3.5厘米不等,以径2厘米以下者居多;印体较薄,一般在0.5厘米以下;钮形较简单,一般为桥钮、鼻钮,个别为动物形钮。此外,在荥经南罗村,约相当于西周至春秋早期的墓葬中,还出土了骨质刻制的方形印一颗。(附图)     

汉肖形印的内容及其艺术特色

目前所见古代肖形印约有四、五百种,其中汉印占百分之八十强。这些印章,从印纹形式上可分为独立图象型和附属图象型两类。前者图象独立存在,后者刻于印文的两侧或四周,以之作为文字的装饰。汉肖形印     

论殷墟出土的三枚青铜印章及相关问题

殷墟近年来考古发掘出土了3枚青铜印章,根据对印章的图案与文字进行的分析可证明殷墟传世印章的可信度,同时说明中国印章的起源至少可早到殷墟时期。早期印章的起源与陶印模有一定的关联,殷墟时期青铜印章的主要功能与青铜器铭文类似,用以标识主人的私名或氏族。     

DEFINITION OF THE BOUNDARY OF MOSCOW'S ACTIVE ZONE OF INFLUENCE

The present boundaries of Moscow's suburban zone are tested by delineating a so-called zone of active influence of Moscow city based on demographic structure and the significance of commuting to work in the city. The most favorable age-sex structure, with a high percentage of population in the working age groups and a relatively high percentage of children, is found in a zone within 50 to 60 kilometers from the city limits. This zone generates a daily flow of more than 500,000 commuters to places of employment in Moscow, 90 percent of whom spend less than 110 to 120 minutes traveling each way. These commuters represent about 2 percent of the total working-age population in the suburban zone. On the basis of the demographic structure and commuting linkages, Moscow's zone of active influence is therefore defined as the zone within which 90 percent of the commuters reside, or within 52 kilometers of the city limits. This conforms roughly to the present definition of the suburban zone.     

多情境下城市时空间行为的社会分异——以北京不同住房来源居民为例

近年来,居民时空间行为的社会分异已成为学者们广泛关注的话题。然而,已有关于居民时空间行为的社会分异研究中,缺少对于居民活动情境的社会分异的研究。因此,本研究基于时间地理学中对人类活动的情境嵌入性与情境的不同维度的相关理论,以北京清河街道为例,分析不同住房来源居民在日常情境、地理情境和社会情境下的时空间行为的社会分异,尝试从多个情境维度拓展对时空间行为社会分异的理解。研究发现,市场性住房居民“朝九晚五”的活动特征明显,活动同伴选择外向性突出;单位性住房居民职住相对接近,在社区空间内分配时间最长且活动目的多样;安置性住房居民活动较为分散,地理情境与社会情境都呈现出“家庭内向性”特征;保障性住房居民非工作活动的“滞后性”明显,对社区空间的时间分配总体较低。除住房来源因素与个人社会经济因素外,建成环境因素对于居民对社区空间的使用有显著影响。     

基于旅游者网络关注度的旅游景区日游客量预测研究——以不同客户端百度指数为例

网络搜索引擎是旅游者获取旅游信息的最重要入口,百度指数通过反映关键词被搜索的次数表征旅游者的网络关注度。文章以三清山为例,首先利用协整理论及格兰杰因果检验分析了PC端和移动端百度指数与实际游客量之间的关系,进一步建立日游客量ARMA模型和分别加入PC 端和移动端百度指数的VAR模型,对游客量预测结果及预测能力进行比较分析,以期通过不同客户端、不同搜索关键词来填补游客量预测过程中旅游网络数据提取的单一性,得到更好的预测效果。发现移动端比PC端百度指数模型具有更好的预测效果,移动端比PC端百度指数对实际游客量的变动具有更好的解释能力。     

ECONOMIC-GEOGRAPHIC PECULIARITIES OF FORMATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL-TERRITORIAL COMPLEXES OF UNION REPUBLICS

Differences in industrial development of the Soviet union republics are found to persist, and the basic factors are analyzed. The presence of a skilled labor force is an important factor in insuring a high level of industrial output per capita and a high rate of return on capital. However, the distribution of labor-intensive industries does not always conform to the availability of labor resources. Such industries have reached a high level in the Baltic republics, where the reproduction rate is low and additional labor must be brought in from the outside, and they have not been fostered in Central Asia, where the rate of natural increase is high. The emphasis on resource-based industries that is characteristic of some republics (oil and gas in Azerbaydzhan and Turkmenia, nonferrous metals in Kazakhstan, etc.) is usually associated with a high level of fixed assets (capital intensity) and a low rate of return as well as low levels of industrial output per capita.     

THE PUBLICATION OF--＂BANQUETS OF WISES-THE TRANSLATION OF THE HISTORY OF TUBO＂

<正>Bawo Tsukla Chengwa(1504-1566) is the author of Banquets of Wises (in Tibetan,it is Lho-brag-chos-vbyung for short).The book has five volumes of which the mo...     

A LYONS BRANCH OF THE POTTERY-MAKING FIRM OF ATEIUS OF AREZZO

Fifty-one waster sherds of Terra Sigillata (～20-0 b.c. ) from Arezzo, Italy and Lyons, France have been chemically analysed for twenty-eight elements by neutron activation and seven by X-ray fluorescence. Most of the elemental abundances were measured with high precision and cross-comparisons of the two techniques of measurement (and sample preparation) give added insight as to their relative precision, the calibration differences and the extent to which volatile materials such as carbonate or water influence the results. The sherds from Arezzo formed a homogeneous and distinctive chemical group while all but two of those from Lyons were classified into three such groups. Two of the Lyons groups (MML A and MML B) were from Montée de La Muette and one was from Loyasse. Four additional sherds from houses excavated in Strasbourg and one from Lyons, all of which bore the signature of the famous Anetine pottery-making firm of Ateius, were also analyzed by the same techniques. These signed sherds all had the same composition pattern and it closely matched one of those from Montée de La Muette (MML A) in Lyons. It is therefore suggested that these five sherds bearing the Ateius signature were made in the general vicinity of Lyons and were part of the output of an as yet unknown Gallic branch of the firm of Ateius.     

城市街巷空间居民的集体记忆研究——以南京夫子庙街区为例

伴随全球化和城市化的快速推进,城市街巷空间的原生态环境和文化生活气息开始退变,城市记忆逐渐缺失,趋同化和均质化的城市危机显现。为此,选取南京夫子庙街区作为典型个案,采用认知地图、口述访谈和GIS空间统计方法,实证研究城市街巷空间居民的集体记忆,发现居民对夫子庙街巷空间的集体记忆呈现"光环区"→"亚光环区"→"缓冲区"→"盲点区"依次递减的特征和规律,"平民化"的城市设计理念缺失成为重要诱因。街巷空间作为城市公共空间的重要组成部分,具有特定的历史内涵与场所精神,其担负的集体记忆保护功能,应该引起学界和社会各界的广泛关注。     

A RECORD OF THE ENTHRONEMENT OF THE SOUL BOY OF DETRUL REINCARNATION

<正>July 4th,2010,which was also May 23rd of the irontiger year according to the Tibetan calendar,was a most auspicious day.Tibetan Buddhism welcomed this very important event,drawing lots from the golden urn to search for the soul boy of the Fifth Detrul reincarnation. Over 150 representatives from all walks of life and adherents witnessed this great event in Tibetan Buddhism in front of the statue of Sakyamuni in the Jokhang Temple.