TWO IBERIAN TORCS IN THE ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM, OXFORD

Summary. The main objective of this paper is to describe two Iberian Iron Age gold tores from the collection of the Ashmolean Museum. Their study, mostly based on typological aspects, is used to determine the origin of the two ornaments, which is concluded to be the Iberian northwest, thus corroborating the information in the Ashmolean Museum records. An integration of the two tores within the existing typological groups of Northwestern Castros tores is attempted, as a means of determining their geographical origin accurately. Other aspects, such as the significance of this kind of ornament in the Iron Age, are also considered.     

A GREEK METROLOGICAL KOINE: A LEAD WEIGHT FROM THE WESTERN BLACK SEA REGION IN THE ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM, OXFORD

Summary. A unique commercial lead weight from the western Black Sea region is examined in its metrological and historical context. The style and combination of relief symbols on the object (Athenian owl and Kyzikene tunny) suggest a quarter mina in a market weight system used equivalently at Athens and Kyzikos by the last quarter of the fifth century BC, and developed within a long-term process of broad commercial integration of the Aegean and Black Seas in Classical times. The authors consider such a process to have been caused by the economic motivations of individual city-states, not the direct Athenian imperialism expressed in the so-called Standards Decree.     

NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM,LONDON

Neutron activation analysis was used at the British Museum from 1978 until 2002 for provenance studies on ceramics and marble. Significant numbers of the items analysed were of high quality and value, and careful sampling was necessary to avoid damage to the object. An in‐house British Museum Standard Pottery was established and inter‐calibrated with a number of standards used by other archaeometry laboratories. The results of the projects have been published in many papers, and the databases established will be of use to future scholars interested in the ceramic groups represented. Projects on Greek and Near Eastern pottery have been undertaken. Relatively large numbers of north European medieval and post‐medieval pottery samples were analysed, as well as the tin‐glazed ceramics of Spain and Italy. Classical marble has also formed the subject of another project and a database of quarry material has been established.     

“环保之城” 骑自行车看哥本哈根

丹麦王国首都哥本哈根位于丹麦西兰岛东部,它是丹麦政治、经济、文化的中心,全国最大和最重要的城市,同时也是北欧最大的城市和著名的古城。根据丹麦的历史记载,哥本哈根在11世纪初还是一个小小的渔村和进行贸易的场所。随着贸易的日益繁盛,到12世纪初发展成为一个商业城镇。15世纪初,成为丹麦王国的首都。     

REDATING THE 'PHILISTINE SWORD' AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM: A CASE STUDY IN TYPOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY

Summary. The famous sword exhibited in the British Museum is to date still the sole example known of the Sea People's weapons. Although its archaeological context is not known and its dating is purely typological, it is still accepted among scholars as a Shardanian weapon also used by the Philistines, from Beth-Dagon, near Jaffa. The aim of this article is to examine these 'facts' in the light of a combined typological and technological study.     

PROJECTIONS OF RACE,NATURE, AND ETHNOGRAPHIC CHILDHOOD IN EARLY EDUCATIONAL CINEMA AT THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF CANADA

In this article, we examine depictions of race, nature, and childhood in Harlan Ingersoll Smith's early ethnographic films at the National Museum of Canada. Created in the 1920s for a children's education programme, Smith's films construct ethnographic portraits of different Indigenous peoples in Western Canada. We demonstrate how museum education appropriated Indigeneity as a discursive resource to immerse viewing children in particular narratives of Canadian national heritage and development. The films worked through a complex double movement, bringing children in the Ottawa museum audience into association with Indigenous children based on shared experience as children while simultaneously differentiating Indigenous peoples as Other. The films inculcated white youth at the museum in a romanticized connection to Canada's prehistory through knowledge of the nation's Indigenous peoples as well as nature. In the films, the position of Indigeneity within the future remained ambiguous (traditional practices sometimes disappearing, sometimes enduring). Yet, despite Smith's uncertainty about colonial beliefs in the disappearance of Indigeneity, his films nonetheless presented the teleological development of the settler nation as certain. Our article highlights how thinking about children, as audience for and thematic focus of these films, extends discussions of the geographies of film, of children, and of settler colonial nationalism.     

A ‘DIVINATION STAFF’ FROM VIKING‐AGE NORWAY: AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM

A long iron rod in the British Museum's Viking collection (accession number 1894,1105.5) has been reclassified by curators. Accessioned in the nineteenth century as a fishing tool and later recast as a roasting spit, it can now be added to a group of enigmatic iron rods that are widely interpreted as the special attribute of the völva, or Norse seeress.     

湖南省博物馆藏太平天国大钱、花钱

湖南省博物馆在清理馆藏钱币时,发现数千余枚太平天国钱币,数量之多,品种之丰富,实不多见。其中清理出来的太平天国大钱、花钱更属泉中珍品。现将部分大钱、花钱介绍如下：     

THE IMPACT OF SOLUBLE SALTS ON THE DETERIORATION OF PHARAONIC AND COPTIC WALL PAINTINGS AT AL QURNA,EGYPT: MINERALOGY AND CHEMISTRY*

The wall paintings of Al Qurna in Egypt were studied by means of XRD and ICP–AES in order to determine their mineralogical and chemical composition, and to evaluate the impact of soluble salts on their deterioration, including the identification of the building materials and pigments used. Soluble salts analysis showed that NaCl is the most common soluble salt in the bedrock, ground water and surface water samples. The building materials are affected by the ground water, while the wall paintings in the area are affected by the Upper Egypt climatic conditions, which were studied in order to detect their role in the deterioration cycle in the area.