近现代贵州古琴艺术的历史沿革及发展

古琴作为中华民族最早的弹弦乐器之一,在西南少数民族主要聚居地之一的贵州如何传承与发展,成为值得思考的问题。文章旨在介绍古琴艺术在贵州近百年的发展状况,为这门古老的艺术今后在贵州的发展提供一些参考,同时为相关的文献研究提供重要例证。     

Continuity and change in Angola: insights from modern history

Angola may be entering a pivotal moment, triggered by persistently low oil prices and its president José Eduardo dos Santos (the world's second longest‐serving president) signalling that he may step down in 2018. Will this result in continuity or change? This review article of six books on modern Angola shows that since 1820, significant dips in international commodity prices have marked moments of lasting political change in the country. They also show that the history of Angolan nationalism is one of deep divisions and that political loyalty and support were often more about survival or ambition than about ideology and ethnicity. Throughout modern Angolan history personalities, such as Agostinho Neto, Jonas Savimbi and José Eduardo dos Santos, have also played a critical role in determining the country's fortunes. The single greatest foreign influence on Angola might be Cuba's ‘internationalist solidarity’ of sending up to five per cent of its population to Angola between 1976 and 1991 in support of the Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (MPLA). Over a decade later, the Chinese also found that the MPLA government determined their partnership. This review article examines the strength of Angolan agency and how the drivers of change are complex, determined by personality politics, geopolitics, prestige, solidarity, cost–benefit analysis and timing.     

历史地理学:学科调整、学科性质与学科发展

国务院学位委员会公布的《学位授予和人才培养学科目录》是学科建设的重要依据。1983年以来的历次学科调整,历史地理学经历了一个由既作为地理学,也作为历史学的二级学科,到一律列入历史学的过程,而现在又是作为中国史的一个二级学科了。这样的学科归属现状显然不利于历史地理学的发展,本文在回顾历次学科调整对历史地理学所产生影响的基础上,通过对历史地理学学科性质的重新审视,探讨了在最新一次学科调整背景下历史地理学如何获得发展的问题。     

传统城市近代工业发展轨迹和特征——芜湖近代工业个案研究

近代史上,芜湖是安徽最早辟为通商口岸的城市,芜湖商业的兴盛和便利的水陆交通,又为芜湖近代工业的兴起与发展提供了有利条件.本文对芜湖近代工业的发展轨迹进行简要的梳理和陈述,在此基础上对其内涵及相关环境予以分析,期望通过个案研究的方式,丰富和夯实对中国近代工业发展史的宏观研究之基础.     

The myth of reserpine-induced depression: role in the historical development of the monoamine hypothesis

For five decades it has been generally accepted that reserpine, an antihypertensive and antipsychotic drug, causes depression. The discovery that reserpine depletes brain monoamines was an important factor in the development of the monoamine hypothesis of depression, and it continues to be widely cited in support of this hypothesis. The present paper argues that, contrary to prevailing belief, reserpine is not depressogenic. The reason for perpetuation of this myth is reluctance to discard the monoamine hypothesis. This hypothesis ushered the modern biochemical paradigm into psychiatry and is still of great importance. It serves as a heuristic to guide research, it enhances psychiatry's prestige, and it helps to validate and promote drug therapy for depression and other mental disorders.     

留美幼童对近代中国的历史影响初析

近代中国首次大规模学习西方先进科技的幼童留美计划虽遭夭折,但留美幼童回国依然身体力行,影响和带动了中国继续向西方学习,他们的下一代也纷纷负笈海外,学有所成,甚至宋氏家族也受到留美幼童的重要影响;留美幼童还首倡了庚款留学,促成近代中国第二次大规模的留美运动,造就了一大批年轻有为、杰出优秀的科技人才,对近代中国的现代化进程影响深远.本文拟对留美幼童的上述历史影响作一初步探析.     

历史分期的概念与历史编纂学的实践

历史编纂学中对历史的分期有自然的或技术性的分期与理论性的分期两种。中国和西方传统时代的历史学家都不注重运用历史的理论分期来编纂历史。对理论化的历史分期的热情是启蒙时代以来社会、自然和历史观念变化所激发起来的,对于中国历史学家说来是外来的。凡理论化的历史分期,其理论的根据都远远超出历史学之外,所以对于历史编纂学来说是无法从理论角度判断的,而只能从其对历史编纂学的实际产生怎样的作用来判断。任何理论模式都具有主观性。所以理论性的历史分期对于历史编纂学说来是假说、工具和方法。     

从近代中国舞蹈史感悟舞蹈的发展

<正>舞蹈是人类艺术之母。舞蹈艺术形神兼备,融会了音乐的动感、诗歌的韵味、哲学的思辨、戏剧的激情、雕塑的质感、绘画的灵性、宗教的神秘。在舞蹈世     

Commons and councils: agrarian collectivism and balanced development in the north of Spain in the modern period

In light of the extensive presence and preservation of communal property and resources in territories in mainland Spain, the aim of this paper is to analyse the keys to the use, distribution and retention of such properties and resources, particularly those still in existence, with particular regard to common pasture lands and woodlands. A compilation of council by-laws from past periods, combined with the production of a catalogue of agricultural patterns, has enabled an in-depth study of certain fundamental points relating to social and economic development. Such development has tended to maintain the balance between resources and population and to conserve resources through sustained and sustainable use that to some extent has guaranteed the occupation of lands, the preservation of rural communities and the perpetuation of traditional systems in the context of new challenges and contemporary needs. A combination of qualitative and quantitative documentary sources has enabled elucidation of the role and the full dimensions of communal properties. In particular, the causes and consequences, either of their sale or privatisation, or of their preservation and exploitation, will be outlined in the context of changes and new contemporary needs.     

The development of the flour-milling industry in Spain: analysis of its historical evolution and architectural legacy

The second half of the 19th century, along with the first three decades of the 20th, saw the building of hundreds of flour mills in Spain, all based on new milling and sieving machinery developed after the industrial revolution. Unfortunately, very few of these early mills are now in use: most have disappeared, and many of those that are left have been abandoned. The present work examines the growth of the flour-milling industry in Spain from the mid-19th century, and discusses the typology, design and constructional features of its associated buildings. The information presented is the result of the study of a representative sample of these mills in central Spain, and could serve as a basis for the conservation, rehabilitation and reuse of this important agroindustrial heritage.     

清代江浙地区栖流所的运营实态及其近代发展

Qiliu hospice in the Qing Dynasty were a sort of charitable organizations established for housing vagrants. According to the distinct functions they served, Qiliu hospice can be divided into different types. Those appeared in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces during the periods of Jiaqing and Daoguang were just a countermeasure to prevent the extortion of petty officials, which had very limited relief targets and measures. But in the modern times, with the quick development of society and great impact from the West, not only the sphere of Qiliu hospice’s relief targets expanded but also relief measures they adopted became more active, which show that Qiliu hospice have already started their course of modern transformation. Translated by Zhou Weiwei from Shixue Yuekan 史学月刊 (Journal of Historical Science), 2008, (2): 48–59     

An alternative approach to zoning in France: Typology,historical character and development control

The paper describes an approach to development control taken in France, bringing together the zoning system of planning and geographical and architectural studies of urban form. The approach addresses a number of issues, in particular the maintenance of the historical and regional character of towns, often eroded under systems of land‐use zoning. The principles and methods of the approach are set out and its application is illustrated by an example, illuminating both the approach and the context in which it was realized.