跨国教育流动中的刻板印象与身份建构——以在美中国留学生为例

伴随在美中国留学生群体的不断扩大,中国留学生在美国社会中的体验和经历备受关注。本文主要通过深度访谈,了解在美中国留学生与美国本土社会及国内社会的互动,及互动对其塑造社会认同的影响。研究发现,来自美国社会的刻板印象一方面阻碍了该群体的深度融入,另一方面造成了中国留学生群体的“自我规训”,使该群体对于美国社会产生一定的疏离感。此外,在教育流动的过程中,留学生增强了其国家认同,中国人身份和留学生身份处于共生共荣的关系。然而,来自“群体内”的刻板印象增加了留学生群体社会认同建构的不确定性。因此,在美中国留学生群体的身份建构是一个动态的过程,并在“人一人”和“人一地”的互动不断发展和变化。     

The Erasmus undergraduate exchange programme: a highly qualified success story?

Erasmus is regarded as a European success story: an example of cross-border cooperation and an opportunity for students to improve their inter-cultural skills and work capacities. This article takes an in-depth look at this success, examining recent trends in Erasmus mobility. Analysis shows that while certain countries have greater numbers of students outgoing than incoming, the converse situation is found in countries such as Portugal. To explain this imbalance, evidence is drawn from a study of Erasmus in Portugal conducted during 2016. While the popularity of the country as a destination is related to low cost of living, friendliness and educational quality, interviews with managers of the Erasmus programme reveal other factors that limit the participation of local students. This includes the low level of Erasmus scholarships for undergraduates from families affected by the economic crisis, with exchange students also increasingly viewed as tourists and consumers as well as learners.     

Partitioned identities? Everyday national distinctions in Northern Ireland and the Irish state

How does political structure affect ethno‐national distinction? Partitioned societies are a good test case where we can see the effects of changed socio‐political circumstances on historically inherited distinction. This article takes nominally identical distinctions of nationality and religion with common historical roots and shows how they are differentially understood in two polities partitioned in 1920: Northern Ireland, a devolved region of the United Kingdom, and the Irish state. Using a data base of interviews with over 220 respondents, of which 75 in Northern Ireland, conducted between 2003 and 2006, it shows how complex, potentially totalising and exclusive ‘ethnic’ and ‘ethno‐national’ divisions are built up from simpler and more permeable distinctions. Respondents interrelate the same elements into a loosely‐knit symbolic structure – different in each jurisdiction – which frames expectations and discourse, and which is associated with different logics of national discourse, one focussing on personal orientation, the other on group belonging. The resultant ‘ethno‐national’ distinctions function differently North and South.     

Learning mobility: high-school exchange programs as a part of transnational mobility†

Long-term high-school exchange is a popular way to go abroad for German youth (2.5% of 16-year-olds go abroad for 6–12 months). The ongoing research project is dealing with the long-term impact of high-school exchange programs on further mobility of the participants. Using an online survey among 3000 former exchange students and 30 qualitative focus interviews, it is shown that mobility reproduces itself. Six years after the exchange, about 80% of the respondents have been abroad again for a period of longer than six weeks. This is seen as part of a normalization of transnational social practices.     

“流动”视角下侨乡青年社会区隔研究——以浙江青田幸村为例

论文从浙江青田侨乡——“幸村”的侨乡邻里、家庭、个人等日常生活的微观民族志入手,考察“流动”作为一种生活方式,如何参与侨乡日常社会生活实践的意义建构。研究发现,以流动为主要特征,侨乡社会建构了三重社会区隔标识——能否实现“跨国移民”、是否具备“跨国流动能力”以及能否持有“欧元”。侨乡青年及其所在家庭在这三重区隔标识的审视下,一些被贴上“上进”、“成功”的标签,一些却逐渐在侨乡日常生活的基本面向失去话语权和社会地位,社会区隔显而易见。     

爱尔兰的国际旅游硕士教育

国际旅游硕士是近年来国外的热门专业。本文介绍了爱尔兰国际旅游硕士的课程设置和教育特色,通过分析其教育方法,汲取相关的经验,为我国旅游高等教育提供借鉴和参考。     

‘Generation Emigration’: the politics of (trans)national social reproduction in twenty-first-century Ireland

Placing social reproduction at the heart of the experience of migration, this article attempts to move beyond regulatory discourses of emigration as tragedy, lifestyle choice or ‘the Skype generation’. Following a review of feminist literature on social reproduction, the article returns to research with Irish women migrants and non-migrants in the 1990s to demonstrate how technologically mediated ‘time-space compression’ and its promise of transnational proximity actually gave rise to the experience of gendered ‘time-space expansion’. The Irish Times' ‘Generation Emigration’ (GE) project is then introduced as a site in which similar gendered dynamics emerge as contemporary technologically mediated connections between emigrants and the homeland are celebrated through a compensatory (trans)nationalist discourse that competes with but also compensates for framings of emigration as national tragedy. The article suggests that discourses of emigration as tragedy, lifestyle choice, or new globalised practice serve to bring emigration into being in circumscribed ways and to produce emigrants as particular kinds of ‘recognisable’ subjects. It asks how the work of social reproduction in the context of emigration might be posed anew in ways that challenge dominant assumptions regarding the location and composition of the population to be reproduced. By moving beyond these regulatory discourses of emigration, and by emphasising the dynamics of technologically mediated transnational social reproduction, the article identifies the racialised heteronormative assumptions that intersect with national and global projects of economic production and social reproduction to produce uneven gendered effects.