关于中日"自治传统"的比较分析

近代中日两国在实行地方自治前,都存在着一定的“自治传统。”这种传统在日本日村落共同体,在中国日宗族自治、乡绅自治。但是虽然同为“自治”,实际上有着很大差别。这种差别也可谓是导致两国实行近代地方自治成败的重要原因之一。本文通过对中日“自治传统”在地方公选议会、地方公共财政的运营和地方公共团体法人化的过程中所起的不同作用进行比较分析,从而总结出中日“自治传统”具有的不同的特质。     

Fors and Forte in Vergil and the Problem of A. 1. 377

The author looks at Vergil’s treatment of fors and forte and finds that forte sua at A. 1. 377 is not only exceptional, but most probably a corruption not least due to forte being used in the previous sentence. He conjectures instead sorte sua “due to its (namely the storm’s) own (special and arbitrary) law”.     

Horace’s Archytas Ode Revisited: Is Carm. 1. 28. 32 Corrupt?

The author offers line 32 in a new form reading debita iura vicesque supernae (instead of the transmitted superbae): “due justice (debita iura) and heavenly retribution”.     

Some New Vergilian Loci and Second Thoughts on Old Ones*

I. The text of Ecl. 3.100–102 is discussed and evaluated: quam is defended against quom and Cartault’s proposal [1897. Étude sur les Bucoliques de Virgile. Paris: Armand Colin] Hisce cutes – not adopted by editors and hardly visible in later apparatus critici, but recommended as worthy of attention by Heyworth [2015. “Notes on the Text and Interpretation of Vergil’s Eclogues and Georgics.” In Virgilian Studies. A Miscellany Dedicated to the Memory of Mario Geymonat [Studia Classica et Mediaevalia 10], edited by H.-C. Günther, 195–249. Nordhausen: Traugott Bautz] – is both brilliant and necessary. II. Based on grammar and context the abl. risu at Ecl. 4.60 is taken as modal: “Begin, little boy, to recognize (get to know) your mother with your smile”; then the final lines (62–63) must be restored to comply with Quintilian’s figura in numero (9.3.8) as qui risere (plural) followed by hunc “such a one” (singular); this change in number is shown to be in accordance with the use of a generalizing hic to denote quality. – III. At G. 2.22 I propose quos … vias construing reperire with two accusatives. – IV. At G. 2.266–268 I furnish parallels for similem … et as “like to” supporting Heyworth’s mutata … semina. – V. Rejecting my earlier position on A. 9.462–464 I now give a repentant vote in favour of Conte’s punctuation [2009. P. Vergilius Maro. Aeneis [Bibliotheca Teubneriana]. Berlin: De Gruyter] while at the same time adding an argument in its favour.     

Imagining Humane Realism: Moving from Sacred Secularism toward a Pragmatic Theory of Human Rights

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to problematize secular humanistic conceptualizations of human rights by challenging the absolutist and supposedly irreligious foundations on which they rest. In doing so, this piece will adopt the position that secular humanism is, in fact, a religion, and, as such, its dictates concerning human beings and the proper treatment thereof are logical byproducts of a very peculiar "modern" religious faith—a religion, as it were, that places humanity at the center of its worship—and, therefore, are no less arbitrary than the overtly religious dogma it rejects. By exposing the all too confident moral authority that secular faithful bestow upon themselves and the will to judgement that is so prevalent in modern humanistic ideology, this article hopes to create a space for a re-imagining of human rights that is less authoritarian and more open to self-criticism than the modern, secular movement.     

也谈浙江省自治运动--兼与冯筱才先生商榷

20世纪20年代浙江省的自治运动以花样多、历时久而闻名于世。通过研究前人较少注意的《三色宪法》和《浙江省自治法》等制定过程,可发现浙江自治运动失败的原因固然很多,但众多的利益维度不是削弱而是增加了运动的持久性,使浙江成为全国自治运动历时最久的省份,只是没有实际成果而已;运动的失败恰好证明了“军阀扼杀自治”,只是不能简单机械地理解“军阀”。     

清代校勘学兴盛的语文学原因试析

校勘学在清代获得了空前的发展,从而成为一种群众化的学术活动。造成这种情况的原因,除了政治、经济、文化方面的因素之外,清代语文学的快速发展也是一个重要方面。从皖派学者治学的实践来看,文献校勘离不开文字学、音韵学和训诂学的知识,而文字学、音韵学、训诂学的研究又常常在文献校勘的基础上进行。清代校勘学之所以取得前所未有的成就,主要得益于清代语文学的大发展。     

对沈晓敏《也谈浙江省自治运动》一文的回应

沈晓敏《也谈浙江省自治运动——兼与冯筱才先生商榷》一文对冯筱才的《理想与利益：浙江省自治运动新探》一文提出了不同的意见。沈文虽然在史实上对除九九省宪外的浙江自治运动的经过有所补充,但是其结论反驳并不成功,反而加固了冯文的观点。沈文对冯文的“定性”判断有悖基本的学术批评规范。在细节上,沈文的批评多数可以再讨论。     

Archaeomagnetic research in the Andean highlands

Eleven archaeomagnetic samples were collected from several sites near Porco, Bolivia as part of the Proyecto Arqueológico Porco-Potosí. These samples were collected in order to 1) explore the availability of appropriate sample materials in the Bolivian Andes, and 2) assess the feasibility of pursuing reference curve research for this region. In addition, this research explored the archaeomagnetic dating application of reference curves constructed from the global geomagnetic field model gufm1 (Jackson et al., 2000), which covers the period from AD 1590–1990. This model is particularly applicable to our project, since many of the project sites are late prehispanic (pre-AD 1532) and early historic (ca. AD 1532–1825) in age. Of the 11 samples, three appeared to contain an insufficient amount of ferromagnetic minerals to provide reliable results, while eight samples produced acceptable-to-good results. The data from the eight good samples were compared to a reference curve for the period of AD 1600–2000 that was calculated for this project from the global field model, gufm1. The archaeomagnetic dates obtained for two of the samples agreed with archaeological expectations, while those for four other samples marginally or greatly postdated the archaeological age expectations. Two additional samples produced significantly different directions and could not be dated against the reference curve. It is likely that the age discrepancies for four of the samples stem from inaccuracies in the archaeomagnetic data, the archaeological age expectations, the calculated reference curve, or some combination of these factors.     

论马尔库塞对实证主义的批判

对实证主义的批判是贯穿于马尔库塞批判理论的一条主线。马尔库塞的实证主义批判思想包括三个相互联系的部分：以经验主义为核心的实证理性批判;以形式主义为核心的形式逻辑批判和以分析主义为核心的语言哲学批判。马尔库塞是一位具有激进批判精神和深重历史责任感的西方马克思主义者,其试图解释和应对人类当代课题时对实证主义的批判,与马克思主义学说是一致的。     

顾千里的校勘学--思想与方法

顾千里是清代著名校勘学家,“不校校之”是他校勘学思想的核心与灵魂。其校勘学思想地形成,受传统校勘思想,特别是宋人校勘思想的深刻影响。顾氏的校勘学思想和方法,对校勘学的发展产生了深远影响,有些甚至已成为当今古籍整理校勘学科中的基本原则。     

城镇化背景下村落神圣空间政治性的建构——以广州A村宗祠为例

文章以广州某古村落的改造为例,关注宗祠的神圣性建构以及其面对快速的现代化和城市化等世俗力量时的政治响应。通过微观研究,发现:1宗祠政治性来源于其服务村民的世俗功能;2在宗祠受到外界世俗力量的侵占时,村民通过运用特定时空条件来施行\"避让但不逃离\"的巧妙战术进行抵抗,从而实现自身权力的宣示和表达。本文旨在从日常生活和空间政治性的角度重新认识处于快速城市化进程中的中国乡村神圣空间的政治建构,为中国乡村和城镇化研究提供有益的研究视角。     

《四库全书总目》考据法则释例

本文全面总结了《四库全书总目》的考据方法,提出了四库馆派的二十九条考据法则,并举例说明。     

坚持宪法基本原则 推进民族共同繁荣

深刻认识民族区域自治制度的丰富内涵,深入贯彻实施宪法的基本原则,对于更好地坚持民族区域自治制度、推进民族共同繁荣,具有十分重要的现实意义。     

Growth curves of immature bones from a Scottish island population of sixteenth to mid-nineteenth century: Limb-bone diaphyses and some bones of the hand and foot

Growth curves were prepared for length of the diaphyses of the six major long bones of the limbs and for length of the calcaneus, talus, cuboid and the first metacarpals and metatarsals, of ages up to 20 years including several immature and many full-term fetuses. Most curves showed what appears to be a consistent adolescent growth spurt at about 17 years, but the number of specimens supporting these parts of the curves is too small for the validity of this spurt to be beyond doubt. The fetal diaphysis lengths were similar to those of Fazekas and Kósa and other recent populations but, compared with curves prepared from the Maresh radiographic data for recent caucasoids, the island diaphyseal growth rate, starting at about 4 months after birth, fell progressively behind so that, by 18 years for example, the femur was 90 mm shorter and the humerus 60 mm shorter than the Maresh equivalents. These findings accord with the short stature of the island adults (male mean 166.2 cm). The growth curves were closer to those of some ancient peoples, Amerindian, caucasoid and negroid, than to contemporary caucasoid. There is evidence of a secular change in growth in this island region because the calculated mean height at 18 years of this earlier island population is at the present time achieved by boys by about 14 years of age. Thus it is argued that the earlier population was affected by stunting factors. Although there is no skeletal evidence of malnutrition, there is plenty of evidence that the way of life was full of hardship in which the children shared. They took a full part in the arduous work involved in farming marginal-quality land; the houses were damp, cold, smoky and dark; they were overcrowded although, mainly because of the high infant-mortality rate, families were not large.