USER REACTIONS TO A VISITOR DISTRIBUTION PROGRAMME IN KILLARNEY PROVINCIAL PARK, ONTARIO: A REPLY

Rothacker expresses concern about an apparent methodological error that could lead to the possible adoption of inappropriate management policies. Rothacker fears we have neglected the possibility of user displacement, an interpretation that stems largely from our observation that 'interviewing was focused on those areas of the park where recreational use was concentrated.' We trust that the following explanation will clarify the situation and alleviate his concerns.     

LAND PRICES IN ESSEX COUNTY, ONTARIO 1798 TO 1852

This paper examines land prices in Essex County, Ontario, for the period to 1825 and from 1826 to 1852 in terms of overall accessibility to market and the physical environment. The prime source material was the Abstract Index to Deeds , and data drawn from this source were used in a series of multiple regression analyses. The results confirm the importance of accessibility. However, the physical environment did not affect land prices significantly. The article concludes by considering future refinements of the analysis.
L'article examine les prix des terres dans le comté d'Essex, Ontario pour la période jusqu'à 1825 et de 1826 à 1852 en ce qui concerne I'accessibilité générale, I'accessibilité au marché et I'environnement physique. La source principale de la recherche était l' Abstract Index to Deeds et les données de éette source étaient utilisées dans des regressions multiples. Les résultats affirment l'importance de l'accessibilité. Pourtant, l'environnement physique n'a pas eu une influence significantive sur les prix des terres. L'article se termine en considérant des ragginements futurs pour l'analyse.     

HYDROLOGICAL RESPONSE TO REFORESTATION IN THE GANARASKA RIVER BASIN, SOUTHERN ONTARIO

Headwater slopes of the Ganaraska River basin in southern Ontario were reforested after World War II in an effort to reduce soil erosion and downstream flooding. Hydrological responses to this land use change are examined. Between 1945 and 1990 forest cover in Ganaraska Forest increased from 3.3 to 8.9% of the basin area. Over this period annual runoff decreased by 100 mm, and runoff ratios were reduced. These hydrological changes exceed those predicted from empirical relationships between runoff and forest cover, and likely reflect a combination of increased interception and evapotranspiration, water storage in headwater aquifers, and deep groundwater losses. Reforestation was also associated with significant decreases in high flows and increases in annual minimum daily flows. Annual maximum daily mean specific discharges decreased from 0.36 to 0.11 m³ s^-1 km^-2 (±0.0009 m³ s^-1 km^-2) between 1946 and 1962, while annual maximum daily mean specific discharges decreased from 0.0037 to 0.0062 m3 s-1 km^-2 (±0.10 m³ s^-1 km^-2) between 1957 and 1990, as estimated from bestfit regression relationships. The response of runoff ratios and peak flows to increased forest cover was more rapid than that of minimum daily flows. Results suggest that hydrological responses to relatively minor modifications of forest cover can be detected, depending on location of land use change within the basin. Les pentes des sources du bassin de la Rivère Ganaraska dans le Sud de I'Ontario ont été reboisées après la deuxième guerre mondiale pour diminuer l'érosion du sol et les inondations en aval. Les réponses hydrologiques au changement dans l'utilisation du sol sont examinées. Entre 1945 et 1990, la couverture de la forêt de Ganaraska s'est accrue de 3,3 à 8,9% par rapport à la superficie du bassin. Durant cette période, le ruissellement annuel a diminué de 100 mm et les proportions de ruissellement furent réduites. Ces changements hydrologiques dapassent ceux prédits par les relations empiriques entre les débits et la couverture forestère et ils reflètent probablement les effets combinés de l'augmentation d'interception et évapotranspiration, de I'entreposage d'eau dans les nappes aquifères en amont bassin et de pertes importantes d'eaux des sources. Le reboisement éait aussi associéà une diminution considérable des hauts deébits et à une augmentation des débits minimum journaliers annuels. Le maximum annuel des deébits spécifiques journaliers moyens a diminué de 0,36 à 0,11 m³ s^-1 km^-2 (±0,10 m³ s^-1 km^-2) entre 1946 et 1962 pendant que le minimum annuel des deébits spécifiques journaliers moyens a augmenté de 0,0037 à 0,0062 m³ s^-1 km^-2 (±0,0009 m³ s^- km^-2) entre 1957 et 1990, tel qu'estiméà partir d'équations de régression. La réponse des proportions de ruissellements et des écoulements de points a l'augmentation de la couverture forestière était plus rapide que celle des débits minimum journaliers. Ces résultats laissent entendre que les réponses hydrologiques suite à des modifications mineures peuvent être dètectées selon l'emplacement de ces changements à l'intérieur du bassin.     

COMPONENTS OF CHANGE IN THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE ELDERLY POPULATION IN ONTARIO, 1976–1986

Although the elderly population is increasing rapidly in all parts of Canada, the pattern of change is far from uniform. A number of properties of the aging process are strongly differentiated at the county and township levels, variations which have considerable significance for the design and implementation of social service and health care systems. Using data from the 1976, 1981, and 1986 Censuses for Ontario, components of change in the elderly population are obtained by cohort survival methods. The significance of rapid metropolitan growth of the elderly compared with the slow growth of the rural elderly is highlighted, while intra-county distributional shifts in the elderly population raise important questions for the next decade.
Quoique l'âge de la population augmente rapidement à travers le Canada, ce changement nes'opèrepas de façon uniforme. Certaines caractéristiques du processus de vieillissement sont vraiment differentes à l'échelle des comtés et des municipalités. Ces différences sont d'une grande importance lors de la création etde l'implantation des services-santé et des services sociaux. À l'aide des statistiques de recensement pour les années 1976, 1981, et 1986 pour l'Ontario, les facteurs de changement des populations de personnes âgées sont obtenus au moyen des paramètres de 'survie des groupes.' La signification du taux d'accroissement rapide des personnes â gés en milieu urbain comparé au taux d'accroissement plus lent de ces mêmes personnes en milieu rural est mise en évidence. Les variations de la distribution de cette population d'un comtéà I'autre soulèvent d'importantes interrogations pour la prochaine décade .     

PRICING POLICY REACTIONS TO AGGLOMERATION IN A MARKET WITH SPATIAL SEARCH*

ABSTRACT. Price dispersion (variation) and agglomeration are common characteristics of spatial markets, in particular, markets with imperfect consumer information and search. However, pricing and location strategies in these markets are not well analyzed since spatial search is difficult to model without restricting the spatial dimension of the problem. This paper analyzes pricing and location strategies in a market with spatid search using a probabilistic modeling strategy that does not restrict search patterns in the plane. Specifically, the analysis considers the pricing strategy of an isolated firm in response to the agglomeration of competing firms. Results indicate that spatial and temporal price dispersion are effective responses to competitors'agglomeration. However, the relative effectiveness of these strategies varies with market conditions. In addition, agglomeration can have some counterintuitive effects. This paper also provides insights into existing theories of spatial search and spatial competition in spatially-restricted (linear and circular) markets.     

EXURBANIZATION AS A COMPONENT OF MIGRATION: A CASE STUDY IN OXFORD COUNTY, ONTARIO

In this paper exurbanization is regarded as a process involving the movement of a household from an urban area to another location beyond the contiguously built-up urban region but within its extensive commuting field. The primary definitive feature is that one or more persons within the household retains regular employment ties with the urban area. Although various influences on the inter-and intra-urban migration of households have been considered extensively in the migration literature (Clark 1982), exurbanization has yet to be placed in the context of this literature and examined with similar rigour. The issue, to paraphrase Rossi and Shlay (1982), is not just why households move, but why they choose to move where they do - that is, why have some become exurbanite households?     

SOCIAL NETWORKS AND TERRITORY IN A COMMUTER VILLAGE, BOND HEAD, ONTARIO

SOCIAL NETWORKS AND PLACE
Below the level of formal organizations, but above that of individual behaviour, there exists a weblike mesh of relationships between households. We are all aware, intuitively, of social networks. They are the old-boys networks, cliques, alliances, friendships, acquaintanceship chains, and kinship groups in which we all participate. Many, perhaps most, decisions taken by individuals are mediated through social networks. Networks are, as well, located in geographic space. In this paper I shall look at the concept of social networks and then use the concept to examine a small settlement in the Toronto hinterland.