Petrography as a technique for investigating Iroquoian ceramic production and smoking rituals

Petrographic data and macroscopic observations are used to examine some of the social contexts and functional considerations underlying the production of pottery containers and smoking pipes at Antrex, a Middle Ontario Iroquoian village site located in southern Ontario. Results suggest that while pottery was produced by small groups of people for widespread consumption within the community, pipes were made by individuals for their own personal use. Overall, this research supports the hypothesis that by the beginning of the Late Woodland period, a shift away from communal ritual practices led by ritual specialists or shamans had occurred. Smoking might have, in some contexts, become a solitary religious experience.     

Evaluation of treated and un-treated Nubia Sandstone using ultrasonic as a non-destructive technique

Deterioration factors, both “exogenous” and “endogenous”, are major sources of damaging monumental stones in Egypt. In the current study, the change state of one of the major Egyptian stones (Nubia Sandstone) is investigated and evaluated before and after consolidation by the use of wave velocity as a new method for detecting its elasticity modulus. Wave velocity propagation (Vp) is one of the most important and effective methods for estimating the durability of monumental stones without using any other harmful method as a compressive strength. This technique is usually used for a number of purposes, the first of which is the qualification of masonry building through its morphology and detection of internal defects (e.g. voids and cracks). The second is the examination of the changes of material physical properties, and the control conservation procedures. Third, it is used with some samples of Nubia sandstone for a laboratory test. The study concludes that the durability of samples increases due to the increase of material compacting as a direct result of using consolidant materials. Using the Vp as a non-destructive technique in examining monumental materials gives the same results of other harmful techniques.     

Found in translation

This review considers new work on translation, cultural interpretation, and cross-cultural comparison, all three terms suggesting different but related approaches to the central problem of sociocultural anthropology, that of understanding human meaning-making. Translating Worlds brings together ten authors who take language translation as a paradigmatic example of cultural translation within and across different kinds of linguistic and social boundaries. The Chimera Principle is a historically and ethnographically grounded study of Amerindian pictographies, focusing on cultural translation across media and on the uses of different media in ritual.     

Thermoluminescence as a technique for determining the nature and history of small solar system particles

The thermoluminescence phenomenon has been used for pottery dating and radiation dosimetry for sixty years and for forty years has been applied to the study of meteorites, being successful in quantifying metamorphic histories and providing new insights into terrestrial age and orbits. Here we review some of the fundamental properties of thermoluminescence with particular focus on the study of small extraterrestrial particles. We suggest that natural TL data can be used to identify the burial and release history of cometary particles and that induced TL measurements can provide in-sights into the mineralogy of particles (even when largely amorphous) and the metamorphic history of those particles. We illustrate the use of TL to study small particles by describing recent studies on micrometeorites and 10–100 μm fragments taken from the matrix of a meteorite Semarkona which is type 3.0 ordinary chondrite.     

Consistency and inconsistencies in South African foreign policy

South Africa's foreign policy, conducted in an ad hoc and haphazard fashion under President Nelson Mandela, has been consolidated under the presidency of Thabo Mbeki. This article first outlines five consistent policy themes: Africa and Africanist; democracy and respect for human rights; a holistic understanding of security; a pacific approach to conflict resolution; and multilateralism. The article then identifies and attempts to explain a number of significant inconsistencies in relation to these themes, including Mbeki's 'quiet diplomacy' on Zimbabwe; his denialist position on HIV/AIDS; South Africa's controversial arms procurement programme; and its domestic xenophobia. Some of these inconsistencies have undermined the country's international credibility and at times overhshadowed its considerable achievements.     

Consistency or Change in Women's Politicization in South Korea

Using 1982 and 1990 survey data, this paper examines the extent to which the gender gap in politicization has persisted and/or changed in South Korea. The core emphasis of the paper is on whether economic development and generational turnover hove reduced gender inequality in some altitudes–psychological involvement, protest potential, system trust–that are important for political activity. The findings indicate that both economic development and generational shift have narrowed the gender gap in politicization over an eight-year period. It should be emphasized, however, that the socio-political structure has not caught up with Korean women's attitudinal changes, thus resulting in a phenomenon of "institutional lag."     

出一套边疆译著丛书

自新时期以来,特别是近10年来,在中国社会科学院的组织、指导下,中国边疆研究取得的成就是真正的辉煌,为学界、政界所一致公认。单就基本建设来说,已出了多种资料,为今后学科发展、深入研究打下了坚实的基础。“面向21世纪的中国边疆研究”——主编给出的主题,我想提一个建议：由中国社会科学院组织、领导出一套边疆译丛书。     

关于《三国志》韩译工作的思考

《三国志》在韩国化史上有广泛的影响,推出新的《三国志》韩译本是时代发展的需要。目前的《三国志》韩译工作必须在已有的韩译本和中今译本的基础上进行。充分利用最近十多年来的学术成果,对以往的译本做一番研究,汲取有益的经验,进一步解决其中遗留下来的种种问题,是今天从事《三国志》韩译的基础工作。     

Didactic translation: The first Scandinavian translation of the Eclogues: Peder Jensen Roskilde,Bucolica (1639)

The very first translation of the Eclogues into a Scandinavian language, Peder Jensen Roskilde's Bucolica (1639), is concerned with interpretative closure. Following the tradition of reading Virgil's poetry allegorically the translation supplies names and circumstances where the text is unspecific. More than that, however, the translation also includes glosses, thus making the translation a hybrid between a commentary and a translation, a didactic translation. This article offers an analysis of this translation with a special focus on the relationship between the historically oriented allegorical interpretation and this unusual format.     

现代化和现代性——韩国现代化的另一种观点

本文以韩国为例,说明:一、现代化是一个以起源于西方的向外发散的国际上的文化传播过程和面对这种冲击每一个社会必然采取应变过程的双向运动;二、西方现代化浪潮冲击所导致的最终结果,是非西方现代化社会的现代性,而现代性是传统因素、殖民遗产和现代因素本土化的一种混合体;三、由于现代性是理性与非理性的混合,因此在非西方的现代化国家,在政治和文化领域,实现知识的进一步理性化是一项重要任务。     

Electrical conductivity: a useful technique in teaching geomorphology

Abstract

The electrical conductivity of a water sample is proportional to its total dissolved solids content. Since conductivity can be measured easily and quickly by commercially available meters it is admirably suited to geomorphological field work on the dissolved solids content of natural waters. The technique lends itself to exercises involving work in the field, the classroom and the laboratory and it therefore allows integration of these three approaches to geomorphology teaching.

The conductivity of a given sample varies with temperature and is heavily influenced by hydrogen ions when the pH is below about 5.5. This paper describes the methods used to correct for these effects, and the procedure for constructing calibration curves of conductivity and total dissolved solids. It gives the characteristics of commonly available field instruments, and some guidelines for choosing an instrument. Some exercises involving conductivity are outlined.     

柴尔德与20世纪90年代的关系(摘译)

炊格尔在章中考察了柴尔德学术思想的适应范围、创造性和局限,他认为柴尔德为二十世纪的三次主要的考古学运动：历史化、过程和后过程,都作出了重要的贡献,并在某种程度上预见了过程论和后过程论考古学最新的观点。他是历史化考古学的一个奠基人和主要的倡导,并促进了政治和经济研究方法的开辟。     

Aid as a Catalyst

This article argues that aid is not the prime mover of development, but rather a catalyst. It might be used as a reward for good development governance. However, it will fulfil its catalytic function better by creating conditions for policy improvement. Better governance should be seen not only as a pre‐condition for development and for development aid, but also as a development objective in itself. This is particularly true for aid recipient countries in disarray.     

Behaviour as a thing

This article reflects on issues arising from attempts to treat behaviour as an object of scientific and social scientific study. It examines what happens when behaviour is taken as a thing, an object of concern, modification and enquiry. At the heart of the notion of behaviour, this article argues, lies a fundamental ambiguity. The concept’s power, but also its elusiveness, lies in its ability to tack back and forth between two visions: on the one hand behaviour as materialized, objectified action, regular, repetitive and rule-bound, and on the other behaviour as a placeholder, a word to index something we do not yet know or understand. Those are two ways of being a ‘thing’.