哈萨克英雄史诗与《玛纳斯》叙事结构比较研究

哈萨克英雄史诗与《玛纳斯》同是西北突厥语族民族英雄史诗,尽管它们各具特点,但在叙事结构上存在许多相同之处。本文以哈萨克英雄史诗《英雄哈姆巴尔》、《英雄霍布兰德》、《英雄塔尔根》与柯尔克孜族英雄史诗第一部《玛纳斯》为主要研究对象,试找出两部民族英雄史诗在叙事结构上的相似性,借以说明民族史诗作为一种特殊的文学样式,在不同民族中往往有着极为相似的表现,在历史上渊源甚深的民族更是如此。     

德格印经院与英雄史诗《格萨尔王》简

德格印经院,名列藏区四大印经院之首,被称为“最伟大的图书馆”;汇聚康巴藏区文化精粹,被藏民奉为圣地朝拜;印出的唐卡被称作“藏文雕刻印术的绝唱”。     

不朽的英雄史诗——《格萨尔王传》

"像绿树覆盖着大地,像羽翎点缀着孔雀"。格萨尔文化——一颗镶嵌在人类文化殿堂中光芒四射的瑰宝,确切地说,它更像是一颗"九眼珠",充满了生生不息的神性与灵性,是雪域天堂献给蓝色星球的圣洁哈达。东方的《伊利亚特》     

黑龙江冰雪文化礼赞(十九)——谱写英雄史诗的柯尔克孜族(五)

<正>七、英雄史诗《玛纳斯》《玛纳斯》,柯尔克孜族一部大气磅礴、气势恢宏、规模巨大、荡气回肠的长篇史诗。千百年来,它在柯尔克孜人民中间广为流传,《玛纳斯》与藏族的《格萨尔王传》、蒙古族的《江格尔》一起被称为我国三大英雄史诗。     

吉尔吉斯斯坦唯一的一套硬币——英雄史诗《玛纳斯》千年纪念币

吉尔吉斯坦位于中亚东北部,为中亚五国之一,是内陆国家,与我国新疆西北部相毗邻。面积19．85万平方公里,山脉占国土面积的4／5,海拔在1500米以上的有90％．是一个风光美丽的山地之国,自称“中亚瑞士”。人口490．8万,居民中吉尔吉斯族占60．3％,余为俄罗斯、乌克兰、鞑靼等共80多个民族。居民多信奉伊斯兰教。吉尔吉斯语为国语,通用俄语。为保持对全国的有效管理,在南、北方各设一个首都。第一首都是北部的比什凯克。     

德格印经院与英雄史诗《格萨尔王》

正德格印经院,名列藏区四大印经院之首,被称为"最伟大的图书馆";汇聚康巴藏区文化精粹,被藏民奉为圣地朝拜;印出的唐卡被称作"藏文雕刻印术的绝唱"。格萨尔王,诞生在德格,一生金戈铁马斩妖伏魔,是康巴藏民心中的雄狮。2000多万字的英雄史诗《格萨尔王》,有字有诗,有彩有画,有说有唱,被称作"当今世界上唯一活着的最长史诗。"     

浅议《诗经》的“史诗”属性

《诗经》是中国现存文献中一部最早的诗歌总集,它以优美的文字,反映了从西周民族建立之初到春秋中叶这一历史时期的基本社会现实状况。但对于《诗经》是否属于真正意义上"史诗",历来学者们的看法不一。本文试图澄清这一问题,并对自己所持的观点进行进一步的探讨,以求对读者有所启发。     

刘安全:格萨尔王世界上最长的史诗为他而吟

“两百多年前,德国的大哲学家黑格尔在他的《美学》这部巨著中,公开宣称‘中国没有史诗’,在一个相当长的时间里,‘中国没有史诗’在学术界几乎成了不可推翻的定论。”刘安全研究格萨尔王多年,他曾在《多康诗魂》的开篇写下这段话。当时,刘安全在心里琢磨,要是黑格尔还在世,一定会为说过“中国没有史诗”这句话而愧疚。因为中国不但有史诗...     

英雄史诗正在进入商业浪潮

对现在的年轻人来说,“格萨尔”是一个既熟悉又陌生的词。说熟悉,是因为“80后”甚至“90后”或多或少都会在课本中接触这个词;说陌生,是因为大多数年轻人并不真正了解《格萨尔王传》到底讲了什么样的故事,以及这部世界上最长的史诗对于我们民族和世界的意义。     

亚鲁王城——“格桑”初探简

在苗族西部方言各次方言和土语区广泛传说着关于亚鲁的故事,在婚丧嫁娶、祭祀典礼、建房造屋、节日欢庆、人生礼仪等不同场合,唱诵《亚鲁王》是重要的仪式性内容。《亚鲁王》与苗人息息相通,以英雄神明的声威切入生活的方方面面,成为苗族人在生产、生活、生长过程中的护佑神。在苗族人口传心授的记忆中,这位英雄的王城和战死的地方并不遥远,苗语称为“格桑”。“格桑”在何处,本文试作探讨。     

"Dead or Banished": A Comparative Reading of the Stories of King Oedipus and King David

The rise and fall of two of the most famous legendary kings, Oedipus and David, seem to bear great resemblance to each other. This is especially the case in the central narrative of Sophocles' Oedipus the King and the Second Book of Samuel where the kings are usurped by a close relative upon the intercession of a violent third party. The article argues that the stories are based on conventions of the rise and fall of a sacred king who restores order to a violent and “plagued” kingdom. It proposes a comparative reading of the texts, in conjunction with an anthropological reading in accordance with the insights of Rene Girard. This will provide not only a way of reading these ancient texts but also give insight into the perspective of and reality referred to in the texts. This is to read the text with appreciation of the dynamics of text and reader through the anthropological perspective opened up by the recognition of the victim.     

关于《诗经》若干生物的辨正——读《读<诗经注析>札记》之一

本文对王文锦先生《读〈诗经注析〉札记》中有关生物部分作了一些评析,指出其中不乏真知灼见,有的则属仁智相见,有的则是批评错误。这都是批评文章的常见情况。但其辞气略嫌过盛,未免令人难以接受。     

民俗的表演性:表演理论、活态传承与公共文化实践

表演理论是20世纪美国民俗学对于学界的重要贡献,其核心是"表演"和"语境"。在表演理论提出以后,民俗学经历了从关注文本向强调语境的转向,使得以差异性为基础的本真性再次成为学术研究的中心议题。然而,在随后以"语境"为中心的研究实践中,研究者们逐渐开始质疑本真性问题存在的逻辑合理性以及在实际民俗活动中的可操作性,研究重点也由此从辨析民俗事象的真伪,转变为讨论本真性背后的权力关系和文化政治。正是基于对"本真性"的祛魅,在当代非物质文化遗产保护的具体实践中,学术话语所追求的本真性与实际操作中的共享原则之间的矛盾,便因此而消解,这为当代公共民俗学实践提供了去语境化和再语境化的理论支撑和实操可能。在此,以行动认同为旨归的"表演"(形式)在"语境"(意义)的"式微"中重新凸显,实现了民俗传统的实践回归。     

Radical (Evangelical) Democracy: The Dreams and Nightmares of Martin Luther King,Jr. and Antonio Negri

Abstract

This essay critically examines the theories of radical democracy offered by Martin Luther King, Jr.'s vision of the beloved community and Antonio Negri's vision of the multitude. The radical democratic visions of King and Negri continue to critically inform progressive reflections on democratic theory and propel new dreams of democracy. Despite their similarities, the differences between Negri and King are substantial. I argue that Negri's dream of the multitude and King's dream of beloved community have been shaped by different conceptions of radical democracy. While Negri works out of a tradition of Italian Marxism, King works within a critical tradition of prophetic evangelicalism. Thus, the political task, according to King, is to translate Jesus' teaching of the Kingdom of God into a beloved community on earth. King's creative negotiation of transcendence and history provides the requisite theological and political resources to develop a truly transcendent and immanent vision of a radical democratic society that is attentive to the demands and dignity of "all God's children."     

Vidas secas or Canine Melancholia: Reflections on Living Capital

The article examines Vidas secas (1938) by Brazilian writer Graciliano Ramos as bridging biopolitical reflections on animality and new materialist reflections on animal studies. By tracing the bond between canine and human in Vidas secas as a canine melancholia, from Lacanian extimité into Donna Haraway’s species companionship, I expose the implicit theory of animality of the novel as an interspecies politics of survival. In doing this, I present a new frame of interpretation for the novel that places its particular kind of melancholia as untimely contemporary.     

The Wrong King: Apocalypse and Transformation (or Not) in the White House

Abstract

Jonathan Z. Smith has argued that apocalyptic discourse grew out of a political desire to remove the "wrong" king from the throne. Later, though, the same discourse was used to prevent a "wrong" king from taking the throne. Thus apocalyptic discourse can either motivate or resist transformative change. In US political history it has served both purposes. This article focuses on the trend in presidential discourse, especially in foreign policy, since Franklin D. Roosevelt to use apocalyptic language to resist transformation. The electorate's desire to prevent substantive change was the determining factor in the presidential election of 2008. In Barack Obama's first year in office, though he seemed to promote transformation, his dominant message was a reassuring one: The threat of fundamental change would continue to be contained both at home and around the world. No "wrong" rulers would be allowed to disturb the security of America.     

Archaeological Sites as Self-Sustained Resources for Economic Regeneration: Towards the Creation of Living Archaeological Parks on the Islands of Kythera and Antikythera

Abstract

This paper argues that less known archaeological sites on marginalized or non-touristic areas can contribute to the formation of local economies that can benefit from alternative heritage tourism and public participation in the archaeological excavation process. The discussion of a proposal for turning two archaeological sites on the Greek islands of Kythera and Anitkythera respectively (Paleokastro and Kastro) into living archaeological parks serves as an example that highlights the possibilities for the creation of self-sustainable heritage projects that need not rely on direct state funding.     

“启门图”的天上人间

"启门图"是中国古代丧葬艺术中的常见题材,最早见于汉代的墓室、石棺、祠堂和石阙之上,魏晋以后几近消失,直到唐代中后期才再度出现,宋辽金时期"启门图"的发展臻于鼎盛。千余年时光中,该图像从产生到湮灭,从沉寂到复兴,伴随着社会历史的发展和生死观念的变迁,"启门图"的内涵也已然发生了从"天上"到"人间"的本质性转变。本文主要以墓葬中的"启门图"为出发点和立足点,从门扉之间追寻生与死的世界,探讨天上与人间的徘徊。