SUMMARY OF ARTICLES

The Idea and Cultivation of Civilization in China and Europe;Patriarchal Reconstruction and the Persecution of Female Witches during the Late Middle Age and Early Modern Europe;Myth, Legend and History;The Middle Class and Suburb Expansion in the Modern Britain;The Study on the Styles of Historical Writing of Jonathan D. Spence;Historical Epistemology of Engels： the World Outlook, Epistemology, Methodology and Knowledge Theory;[第一段]     

红陶葫芦瓶

The gourd shaped red earthen yase is unearthed from the remains of the Neolithic Age of Long Qin zhuang site,Gao you city ,Made in imitation of the natural gourd,it retlects the wisdom of our ancestors and bears the hope for good luck,its appearance marks the beginning of the production of the gourd-shaped object in China ,In terms of function,this vase may be the wine vessel used by our ancestors,and it reflects the local production level and the ecnomic relationship.     

MADAM LEI JUFANG AND HER PROGRAM ON THE INHERITANCE OF TIBETAN MEDICINE

<正>At 9:50 in the morning on Sep.13th,2014,the eleven of us in"the Interview team to Southwest Tibet"finally arrived at the Nyingchi Mainling Airport,the most difficult airport in China at which to land a plane,despite it being at Tibet's lowest altitude.Setting our feet on the land of the Yarlung Tsangpo River Valley,we thought of what it was like in the air as we traversed the alpine region,where the narrowest space was no further than 4     

The Funeral Custom in the Dobis Tibetan Community

Dobis（RdoSbis） is the birthplace of Shesrab Gyamtsho, a great TibetanBuddhist Master in modern China. It is located 26.5 kilometers southeast of Xunhua County, Qinghai Province There are 24 natural villages in total： twenty Tibetan villages, three villages of the Salar ethnic groupand one Han Chinese village in the township. Dobis has developed its unique regional customs given its geographic, social and cultural environments. According to an old saying from local people, there are 1000 householders in Dobis Valley.     

论蒙古鹿石的年代及相关问题

The Deer Stone is an important cultural remain which is scattered a lot in Mongolia, Mainly in the west and northwest areas. It is also found in the Eurasian grasslands but very little in quantity. as for its age, there exist many different views for a long time. Actually the Deer stone displays a way of personification of stone statue, so we usually can find carved weapons and tools on the waist of it. Nevertheless, we can deduce the age according to these carvings. Archaeological discoveries in the northern-grasslands of China show that the carvings on Deer stone are all the typical vessels that were very popular in the late Shang period. Such as the beast-headed or bell-headed short sword with curved handle, the beast-headed sword with upright blade dagger, the ring-headed or double ring-headed short sword, the mushroom-headed short sword, the tub-shaped htchet, the arrow-shaped vessels and etc. Thus lead us to the conclustion that most of the Deer Stones must be of the late Bronze Age(11-7BC).As for the Deer stone culture‘s Similarity in some aspects to that of cultures like Lijiaya, Weiyingzi, third phase of Weifang culture or Xiajiadian culture in the north parts of China, that reflects the northern grasslands bronze culture of China left a strong influence on the cultures of Mongolia.     

Exploring the Source of the Yarlung Zangbo River

The hydro energy reserves of the Yarlung Zangbo River stand at 113.47 million square meters, ranking second in China and next only to the Yangtze River. The Yarlung Zangbo River Valley is the richest region of Tibet, with its upper, middle and lower reaches running through the entire Tibetan region. Over 20 rivers converge along the upper reaches. The birthplace of the Yarlung Zangbo River is the Gyima Yangzoin Glacier within Zongba County of the Shigatse region. The source arises fro…     

Archaeological Work IN THE RUINS OF CHINGWA TAKTSE PALACES

<正>The ruins of Chingwa Taktse are located in the Chogye Valley in Lhoka of Tibet.It faces the famous Valley of the Kings across a distance.According to Tibetan historical records,Chingwa Taktse was the earliest Tubo palace complex.Six notable palaces were built successively on the rolling hills here.Local folklore has it that it is a"princess's tomb":a rammed earth     

DINQEN RABA DANCING IN EASTERN TIBET

Raba is one art type featuring bell and beat combined with dancing, intonation, drama, acrobatics and martial arts. Dinqen Raba is popular in the Dinqen area of Qamdo, and differs from other Raba forms in Tibetan-inhabited areas. Dinqen County is located in the northwest of Qamdo, which lies in the northeast of Tibet Autonomous Region. Dinqen stands on the upper stream of the Nujiang, one of the three famous rivers in China. Dinqen Raba originated from the grassroots' lifestyle. Before e…     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EGYPT AND PALESTINE IN THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE （CA.2000-1550／1500 BCE.）

The relationship between Egypt and Palestine during the Bronze Age has been discussed since the 1940s. For the period of the Middle Bronze Age, the problem is both chronological and interpretative. The end of the Middle Bronze Age is fixed by the initial military activities of Dynasty 18 in Palestine around the end of the 16th century BCE. But the dates for the beginning of this period and the transition from one archaeological phase to another are still debated. Lacking a generally accepted solution, the chronology adopted here is that of Dever --- the transition from MB Ⅰ to MB Ⅱ occurred around 1800 BCE,     

台湾致和堂藏玉

The owner of Zhihe Studio is a collector of ancient jade. Neither aiming too high nor following the mainstream, he is indifferent to fame and wealth. He isso engaged in collecting and studying ancient Chinese jade that great achievements were made through these years. His collection is varied from those ofHong Shan Civilization and Liangzhu Civilization 5,000 years ago to the precious pieces of late Qing Dynasty. Such pieces from the Neolithic Age are the most outstanding ones.     

Housing Culture of Dongba

In late June of 2002, when I stayed in the Zuogong County seat with Tugar,chief editor of Records of Qamdo,we drove to Junyong Village, which is the site of the Dongba township government,along the Yuqu River Valley. The flourishing trees in the village provided a sharp contrast with the surrounding bare mountains.     

A TOUR OF THE LHAGYARI PALACE

正It was sunset before my vehicle finally bumped and jolted to a stop before the great ruin of Lhagyari Palace. From the Yumbulagang of the Yarlung Valley to the Potala Palace of Lhasa,and further on to the relics of the Lhagyari Palace that was now in front of me…all of them     

Mandarin Duck Bowl of the Ming Dynasty in the Sagya Monastery

Sagya Monastery,built in 1073 in theZongqu River Valley, is a famousmonastery of the Sagya Sect ofTibetan Buddhism. Gonggar Gyancain (1182- 1251 ), the fourth forefather of the Sagya Sect, was held asthe Sagya Pandit (great scholar of theSagya Sect) as he was steeped in thePancavidya (Five Studies).On the invitation of the Mongolian Prince Gotan in 1244, he went topresent-day Wuwei to lecture onBuddhism. There, he reached agreement with the Mongolian prince forTibet to be part of the…     

再论西姆拉会议

Early in the period of the Republic of China, in August 1913, the Government of the Republic of China headed by Yuan Shikai sent a delegation to participate in tripartite talks in British India between China, Britain and Tibet. This was under pressure from the British Government and the aim was to “solve” the socalled Tibetan issue. Being held in Simla, the conference was remembered by history as the Simla Conference. After long-drawn-out negotiations, no agreement was reached. The conference ended in failure the following July。     

Gungthang Kingdom City in the Border of China and Nepal - A Series of Archeological Trips in Gyirong County

The high plateau enjoys clear, fresh air and the sunbeams down from the high blue sky to bathe the magnificent landscape in sunlight. It seems the mountains and the rivers of Gyirong are colored in strikingly vivid hues, enabling everything in the landscape, either living or inanimate, to appear bright and even brilliant. Standing in the downtown area of Gyirong County, facing the mountain valley to overlook Gyirong in the distance, I see a zigzagging road has been constructed on the southwest flank of the city to access Gyirong Valley.     

区域对比:环境与聚落的演进

Through the comparative analysis considering environment, archaeological culture sequence, alteration of settlement quantities, relation between the change of environment and the movement of settlements, cultural embedding superposition exponent of ancient sites, ect. among three regions, the author thinks that they respectively represent three different developing patterns of ancient settlements. The middle and lower reaches of Yellow river and the Valley of Xilamulun River respectively represented different development patterns of the two native cultures, namely, the agricultural civilization of Great River and the half-agricultural and half-stockbreeding civilization of northern districts. The Valley of Hulu river, located in the northwest, can be the representation of secondary cultures, which originated from civilizations of great river, but dissimilated during the course of spreading abroad towards west.     

The glorlous life of a tibetan centenarian

hi Feb. 1910, he was born in a manor of Horkhang family in Gyama Valley in Maizhokunggar Cotunty which was 100 kilometers from Lhasa City. He was instructed by Sherab Gyatso, the famous scholar from Qinghai Province. In 1934, he formally became the heir of the Ngabo family. In Feb, 1951, he was appointed by the 14th Dalai Lama and the Kasang Government （the local government of Tibet） as chief negotiator with the central government in Beijing.     

Resettlement of Residents in the Mamlha Reservoir Area

MAMLHA RESERVOIRA dam measuring 75.3 metershigh and 287 meters long wasbuilt in Mamlha to stem the Nyangon River, which originates inGangwasangbu Mountain. Thiswill help create the Mamlha ReservoirLocated in the Lungma River Valley, on the upper reaches of theNyang on River, a tributary of theYarlung Zangbo River, the reservoir is 28 km east of the GyangzeCounty seat. It is one of the 62projects built with investmentfrom Central Government departments and fraternal provinces andm…     

飞向青藏高原

In capricious climates,from multiple angles in the skyt and in difficult conditions beyond our imaginations,this man spent 18 years filming western China from the heavens.The result is over 100,000 aerial photos,which have become the backbone of a valuable photo library.The filming of inhospitable alpine zones in particular have filled a gap in the history of aerial photography in China and even the world at large.His name is Tian Jieyan,the renowned aerial photographer of western China.     

SUMMARY OF ARTICLES

Non - Equilibrium Development in the Structure of History Theory: The Comparison Between the West and Ancient China,The Inevitable Choice of Chinese Culture: The Second Comment on Qing Empire in the World History,Restudy of the Etiquette and Custom in Rural China,Loss and Reconstruction of Grand Narrative in the Current American Historiography,History and Politics: An Brief Analysis of American Consensus History